The effects of aloe on the MDA(malondialdehyde) and the blood biochemical components of heavy metal poisoning in SD rat were examined and the following results were obtained. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with CdCl_2, lipidperoxide was increased each 2.37times(24h), 3.31times(72h) but lipidperoxide in aloe administration groups was lower each 47%, 64% than in heavy metal group. In rat kidney homogenate intoxicated with CdCl_2, lipidperoxide was increased 1.85times(24h), 1.33times(72h) but lipidperoxide in aloe administration groups was almost the same as that of normal group. Lipidperoxide of kidney homogenate was slightly decreased as time passed. Also heavy metal poisoning rats showed high levels(1.38-2.50times) of serum AST, ALT and BUN. However, the administration of aloe significantly inhibited the reduction of them. These results suggest that Cd-induced hepatic and renal injury, via increase lipidperoxide and release of AST, ALT and BUN. Aloe may be used to inhibit or prevent the hepatic and renal toxicity which results from the heavy metal.

The Janghang smelter is the first lead, zinc and copper smelting facility in Korea which was operated for a half century from 1936 to 1989. The clay minerals and their heavy metal association in the soil profile around the smelter have been studied using XRD, EPMA, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and sequential extraction techniques. The soils in A horizon are highly acidic showing pH 4.45. The pH is going up with increasing depth. They have residual water contents of 1.18-1.51 wt%, loss on ignition of 6.32-7.79 wt%, and carbon contents of 0.08-0.88 wt%. Soils consist of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, kaolinite, vermiculite, biotite, chlorite, goethite and hematite in the decreasing abundance. The contents of clay minerals, especially vermiculite and chlorite, decrease with increasing depth. Sequential extraction experiments for the profile samples show that heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) are highly concentrated in the A horizon of the soil profile as water-extractable (mostly amorphous), MgCl2-extractable (exchangeable in clay minerals), and organic phases. The heavy metal contents decrease with increasing depth. It suggests that the heavy metals are mainly associate with clay minerlas in an exchangeable state. It is also noted that heavy metals are highly concentrated in the manganese and iron oxide phases.

This study was performed to investigate the utilization of waste concretes for neutralization and removal of heavy metals in plating wastewater, because waste concretes have been known to be very porous, to have high specific surface area and to have alkaline minerals such as calcium. The results obtained from this research showed that waste concretes had a buffer capacity to neutralize an acidic alkali system in plating wastewater. Generally, neutralization and removal rate of heavy metals were excellent in the increase of waste concrete amounts and a small size. Because a coefficient of correlation was high, it seemed that removal of heavy metals could be explained by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. If we reflected the adsorption capacity(k) and adsorption intensity(l/n) of Freundlich isotherm, we couldn`t consider waste concretes as a good adsorbent, But, we could know that waste concretes were capable of removing a part of heavy metals. In point of building waste debris, if waste concretes substituted for a valuable adsorbent such as actviated carbon, they could look forward to an expected economical effect.

This paper aims to describe the indoor-outdoor air quality in school environment through the analyses of heavy metal concentration by Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP), which were observed at some school environment, such as traffic area, industrial area, seme-industrial area, and residence area. The results are as follows ; (1) Regardless indoor and outdoor, the area with the highest concentration of heavy metal is industrial area followed by traffic area, residence area and semi-industrial area in descending order of magnitude. And the heavy metal concentration of indoor is higher than that of outdoor. (2) The main heavy metal components with more high level concentration of indoor than those of outdoor are Zn, Al, Ca and these heavy metal concentrations are higher in class than in corridor and outdoor.

In investigating heavy metal contents at specific areas, the method of selecting sampling points is important. A general method is, according to the law , random sampling of zigzag-form in the selected field. In this work, we studied whether the measured values obtained from a certain method of selecting sampling points is a representative of heavy metal contents in the selected field or not. The selected field for this study is located on the lower Yangsan-river; Gasan-li, Mulgum-myon, Yangsan-gun, KyoungNam. 1 km away from the main stream of Nakdong river. The heavy metals investigated were Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The inductively coupled plasma(ICP) atomic emission spectrometer was used to measure these metals quantitatively. The number of total sampling points were 24. We compared the total mean values with the mean obtained from various methods of selecting sampling points.

Varing the flow velocity of solution and particle diameter, the mass transfer coefficient of the local electrode on current feeder has been measured in an empty flow reactor, an inert fluidized bed electrode reactor, and an active fluidized bed electrode reactor. It had its maximium value when the bed porosity was 0.6 to 0.65 and decreased with increasing the height of local electrode. The mass transfer coefficient was found to be high especially when bigger particle was fluidized. Electrochemical deposition of copper dissolved in the synthesized wastewater has been performed in the active fluidized bed electrode reactor. The deduction rate was higher than 90% and the residual concentration of copper decreased to less than 5ppm.

We investigated concentrations of heavy metals(Cr, Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Mn) and correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment, soil, weeds, and vegetables on the lower Nakdong river. Concentrations of heavy metals on the lower Milyang river was generally lower than those of other sampling area. In the soil, concentration of Pb is generally larger than that of other heavy metals. Generally, concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment show decreasing tendency as the sampling area moves toward downstream of the river, but those of in the soil and weeds show increasing tendency. There is no significant correlation between concentration of heavy metals in the soil-sediment, soil-vegetables, sediment-weeds, or vegetables-weeds. Only concentrations of Pb in the vegetables and those of in the weeds show very high correlation.