The indirect target strength (TS) estimation method which uses the Kirchhoff ray mode model (KRM model) was discussed to apply for a biomass estimation in the water of mixed species. TS of 25 live scorpion fishes for 120kHz were measured by a tethered method and of others dominant 5 species in the marine ranching ground of Jeju coastal water including a scorpion fish were also estimated by KRM model. The measurement TS of scorpion fish well agreed with the theoretical values and the standard formula of scorpion fish was estimated as TS120kHz=20Log (L)-72.9 (r2=0.67). TScm values estimated on trial to each sample of dominant 5 species were from -69.3dB to -75.1dB at 120kHz and they were in the general range of swimbladdered fish. It was clarified that TS by KRM model can be used to estimate fish biomass estimation by increasing a sample number and is more effective under the condition that there is rare TS information for inhabiting species in mixed-species area.

목적: 본 연구에서는 양극산화방법을 이용하여 착색된 티타늄 안경테의 산화막 두께에 따른 색상을 광 반사 스펙트럼을 통해서 규명하고자 한다. 방법: 양극산화 방법 제조 장치를 자체 제작하여 사용하였다. 연구에 사용한 티타늄 안경테원재료 조성은 EDS로 측정하였고, 구조분석은 XRD를 사용하여 X선 회절선으로부터 구하였다. 광 반사 측정은 UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer에 부착된 적분구를 사용했다. 결과 및 고찰: 조성 분석한 결과는 티타늄(Ti)이 97.09%와 탄소(C)2.91%로 합성된 합금으로 해석되었고, 구조는 Hexagonal이었다. 티타늄 안경테 재료에 인가 시간을 조정하여 산화막(TiO2) 두께를 변화시킴으로서 다양한 색상을 얻을 수 있었다. 광 반사 스펙트럼을 측정해 보면 양극산화 방법으로 착색한 티타늄 안경테는 양극산화 초기단계에서는 청색영역의 파장에서 하나의 넓은(broad)피크를 갖는 광 반사 스펙트럼이 관측되었고, 양극산화 시간이 진행되어 두께가 두꺼워 질수록 붉은색 영역에서 광 반사가 크게 일어나고, 피크도 분리되는 것을 알 수 있다. 결론: 티타늄 안경테의 색상은 양극산화에 의해 형성된 산화막의 굴절률과 두께에 의존한 광의 간섭효과에 의해서 변화는 것을 알 수 있다.

The optical reflection and the insertion loss department measurement system are composed of the optical direction coupler which is deriving the optical transmission of a message part and reflected light to the department of sphere optical. The optical technology that can measure microscopic optical to the present 0~ -60㏈m and the technology that can derive the stable laser are guaranteed, and in a mass production step, the uniformity part is a problem that should be solved for measuring the different optical spare parts, and the part can be solved sufficiently through the algorithm of repeat error modification and moving average arithmetic way. In this paper, the source used the distributed feedback laser diode when λ = 1310㎚, λ = 1550㎚, and the receiving optical department used InGaAs pin photo diode. The measurement scope was 0 ~ - 60㏈m for the optical reflection loss and insertion loss, and the disjointing was 0.01㏈, and the stability displayed 0.1㏈/h.

UV 경화형 수지를 바인더로 활용하고 다양한 크기, 형태, 재질의 입자를 첨가하여 분산시킨 분 산액을 TAC(triacetylcellulose) 필름에 코팅한 후 경화시켜 난반사필름을 제조 하는데 이때 투입된 입 자들이 필름의 물성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 입자의 형태가 구형 일 때 표면요철 형성에 유리하며 크기가 작은 입자보다는 큰 입자를 사용할 때 표면요철 형성이 용이하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 입자의 재질이 표면요철에 미치는 영향은 입자의 크기나 형태에 의한 영향보다는 상대적으로 작았다. 입자와 바인더 수지는 각각 굴절율이 다르며 이에 따라서 바인더수지와 입자의 굴절율 차가 달라지게 된다. 따라서 입자의 재질에 따라 PS(polystyrene), silica, PMMA(poly(methyl methacrylate)) 순서로 total haze 변화율에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Reflection properties, such as specular reflection and diffuse reflection, are very important optical properties for the reflector, which has high reflectance in the display and architecture industry. Calcite is lowcost, nontoxic, and stable over a wide temperature range. Therefore, it is one of the most widely using fillers in many industries and has some advantages over titania as a filler to improve reflectance. However, optical properties, especially those of ceramic-filled composites, have not been analyzed. We studied the reflectance of calcite composites with their surface roughness. The reflectance of the composites was determined using a UV-visible spectrometer. The surface morphology and the micro-structure of the composites were investigated by atomic force microscope. The reflectance of the composites was improved by increasing the content of calcite in the calcite-frit composite. The reflectance is related with the surface roughness in the composites. However, the reflectance depends on the calcite contents in materials with similar surface roughness.

Assessment and management of fisheries abundance in fresh water like a river or a lake is very important to maintain fisheries itself as well as tourist industry even if their scale is not much large. The species for catch in fresh water are mainly a mandarin fish, a carp, an eel, and others. Because oriental river prawn is a main prey of these species and the change in its abundance is directly related to their abundance change in fresh water, information on the abundance and distribution of the species are necessary. Hydroacoustic survey is known to one of the efficient method among several methodology. Information on acoustic target strength is key parameter to estimate abundance for acoustic survey. In this study, measurements on oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium koreana, were conducted for two high frequencies(200kHz and 420kHz) with tilt angle using automatic rotating system. The results of acoustic target strength obtained from the experiment were compared with those of acoustic scattering model, Distorted Wave Born Approximation(DWBA) model. For 200kHz, the result of acoustic target strength experiments was expressed in terms of the averaged target strength dependence on the body langth(BL, cm) as a following relationship; 〈 TS200kHz 〉 = 45.9log(BL) - 107.4. These results provide basic information for studying acoustic target strength and conducting acoustic survey of oriental river prawn.

온실보온을 위한 알루미늄반사단열재의 설치위치와 광택부의 설치방향에 따라 보온효과를 구명하고자 알루미늄반사재와 부직포를 조합하여 모듈을 구성하고, 모듈내 가열량을 각각 100W, 40W로 하여 2차에 걸쳐 처리 건구온도와 흑구온도, 상대습도를 재료의 조합에 따라 분석하였다. 1. 알루미늄반사재가 있는 경우가 부직포만 있는 경우보다 보온효율이 높았으며, 알루미늄을 두 층으로 하면 한 층으로 할 때보다 내부온도가 높았다. 알루미늄반사재를 한 층으로 설치할 때는 알루미늄반사재의 광택부분을 외부로 향하게 하는 것이 내부로 향하게 하는 것보다 모듈내 온도가 높았다. 알루미늄반사재를 두 층으로 할 때는 같은 방향으로 하는 것이 높게 나타났으며 이 경우 광택부를 둘 다 외향으로 배치하는 것이 보온효율이 더 높게 나타났다. 외기온도에 따라 모듈내 건구온도는 전 모듈에서 서서히 상승하며 그 변화의 크기는 외기온도의 변화보다 적었다. 2. 모듈내를 가열하지 않는 경우 모듈내 온도는 모듈간 온도차가 0.5℃를 넘지 않았으며 그 차이를 인정하기 어려웠다. 3. 모듈내의 흑구온도변화는 건구온도변화와 그 경향이 비슷하였다 흑구온도는 대체적으로 건구온도보다 높았으며, 그 경향은 알루미늄반사재광택부가 내향인 경우가 외향인 경우보다 더 강하게 나타났던 바 복사열영향이 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 모듈내 상대습도는 건구온도가 증가하면 비교적 직선적으로 하강하였다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate inter-rater reliability of the amplitude and first knee extension angles in deep tendon reflex test by using an electrical hammer. Twenty-five healthy adults participated in the study. Compound muscle action potential is elicited by tapping the knee tendon with an electrical hammer in deep tendon reflex tests. The amplitude and knee extension angle were simultaneously measured. The mean value of the amplitude and the knee extension angles through three time trials for each tester, are used for determining the inter-rater and Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) reliabilities. According to the results, the ICCs of the amplitude is .280 and that of the knee extension angle is .789. Pearson correlation coefficients of the amplitude of the action potential and the knee extension angles are .685, showing significant statistically moderate correlation. Inter-rater reliability in the amplitude was not significant. More objective and quantitative deep tendon reflex tests should be done to obtain higher reliability in further studies.

It is essential to develop the shield for the extraction of high quality neutron beam and safe work at the sample position. The aim of this study is design, fabrication and filling of the shield in domestic. In consideration of ST-3 beam port of HANARO, we designed the reflectometer shield composed of 14 blocks and fabricated it shield casemate. Through the assembly and quality test of the shield casemate, we established the method of fabrication for neutron beam path and channel. In order to increase shield capacity, we filled shield casemate with heavy concrete, lead ingot and polyethylene that mixed B4C powder and epoxy. The average density of the filled heavy concrete was 4.7g/cm3, which can protect neutron and gamma ray effectively. Also, we developed ancillary equipment such as beam gate unit(BGU, vertical type) for the effective opening and closing of neutron beam. Shielding block was proved by suitable thickness as result that measure surface dosage using of detector and TLD. The acquired technique of design, fabrication and filling of ancillary equipment development can be applicable to the development of shield for the other neutron spectrometer in future.

Black rockfish and goldeye rockfish are commercially important fish species due to the increasing demand in Korea. When estimating the abundance of stocks for these species acoustically, it is of crucial importance to know the target strength(TS) to length dependence. In relation to these needs, TS measurement was conducted on black rockfish and goldeye rockfish in an acrylic salt water tank using 70kHz and 120kHz split beam echo sounders. The TS for these two species under the controlled condition was simultaneously measured with the swimming movement by DVR system and analyzed as a function of fish length(L). The results obtained are summarized as follows: The best fit regression of TS on fish length of black rockfish was TS=19.38 Log(L, cm)-70.46 (r2=0.71) at 70kHz and TS=22.39 Log(L, cm)-70.40 (r2=0.64) at 120kHz and in the standard form TS=20 Log(L, cm)-71.29 (r2 = 0.70) at 70kHz and TS=20 Log(L, cm)-66.88 (r2=0.57) at 120kHz. The best fit regression of TS on fish length of goldeye rockfish was TS=17.10 Log(L, cm)-68.28 (r2=0.37) at 70kHz and TS=24.39 Log(L, cm)-73.74 (r2=0.59) at 120kHz and in the standard form TS=20 Log(L, cm)-72.03 (r2=0.32) at 70kHz and TS=20 Log(L, cm)-67.68 (r2=0.64) at 120kHz. An empirical model for fish TS(dB) averaged over the dorsal aspect of 115 fishes of black rockfish and goldeye rockfish and which spans the fish length(L, m) to wavelength(λ, m) ratio between 8 and 30 was derived : TS=34.12 Log(L)-14.12 Log(λ)-23.83, (r2=0.90).

차선의 주요성능인 차선반사도는 도로의 기하구조 특성, 차선재료, 교통량, 일기, 환경요인등 다양한 요소에 의해 영향을 받게 된다. 그 결과 차선은 영향을 받은 정도에 따라 각기 다른 반사성능을 나타내게 된다. 본 논문은 공용중인 고속도로에서 차선의 반사성능 감소가 심할 것으로 예상되는 특정 기하구조 및 시설물 구간의 차선반사도 증감의 특성을 확인하여 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 통해 현행 최소차선반사도 기준과 비교하여 차선 반사도의 기하구조 또는 시설물 구간에 따른 차별적 관리가 필요하다는 주장을 제시하고자 한다. 데이타 분석을 위해 중부고속도로 하남JCT-남이JCT구간에서 황색실선. 백색점선의 차선반사도를 측정하였다. 이 측정치를 도로시설물 특이사항별로 구분하고, 각 구간에 대해 진입 전, 해당 구간, 통과 후로 구분하여 각각의 차선반사도를 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과 곡선구간, 오르막구간, IC램프구간, 터널구간에서 차선반사도가 상대적으로 낮게 측정되었다. 이로써 차선반사도의 기하구조 및 시설물 구간에 따른 차별적 적용 및 관리의 필요성을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 아스팔트 덧씌우기 포장에 나타나는 반사균열을 제어하기 위하여 노후된 시멘트 콘크리트 포장과 아스팔트 덧씌우기 포장 경계면에 보강재의 효과적인 부착 방법을 찾기 위하여 수행하였다. 이를 위한 부착재로는 RSC-4 유화아스팔트, 컴파운드, 불포화 폴리에스터 수지 (UPR) 등 3종류를 사용하였다. 또한 아스팔트 혼합물은 3종류의 밀입도 혼합물(AC 60-80, RLDPE 8%, PG 76-22)을 사용하였다. 보강 재료로서 유리섬유 그리드 하부에 직포가 부착된 것을 사용하였다. 복합모드 파괴(mode II)의 모사를 위한 촉진시험은 휠트랙킹 장비를 이용하여 수행하였다. 반사균열의 진전은 피로수명으로서 하중 사이클 수에 따라 측정하였고, 공시체의 변위는 각각 시험 공시체에 대하여 demec 게이지를 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과, UPR 부착이 가장 효과적이었으며 다음은 RSC-4의 순이었다. 그러나 현장 적용성을 고려할 때 , RSC-4 유제가 보강 재료의 부착을 위해 적절한 선택으로 판단된다.

Acoustic target strength (TS) of 12 commercially important fish species caught in the Korean waters had been investigated and their results were presented. Laboratory measurements of target strength on 12 dominant fish species were carried out at a frequencies of 75 kHz by single beam method under the controlled condition of the water tank with the 241 samples of dead and live fishes. The target strength pattern on individual fish of each species was measured as a function of tilt angle, ranging from -45˚ (head down aspect) to 45˚ (head up aspect) in 0.2˚ intervals, and the averaged target strength was estimated by assuming the tilt angle distribution as N (-5.0˚, 15.0˚). The 75 to fish length relationship for each species was independently derived by a least - squares fitting procedure. Also, a linear regression analysis for all species was performed to reduce the data to a set of empirical equations showing the variation of target strength to fish length and fish species. An empirical model for fish target strength(TS, dB) averaged over the dorsal aspect of 158 fishes of 7 species and which spans the fish length(L, m) to wavelength(λ, m) ratio between 6.2 and 21.3 was derived: TS: 27.03 Log(L)-7.7Log(λ)-17.21, (r2=0.59).