The purpose of this study is to test empirically the hypothesis that parents child-rearing, such as attachment, communication, supervision, and punishment would be effected on juvenile delinquency. The data used in this study are drawn from a self-reported survey conducted in Seoul, in 2000. The sample consists of a total of 1,012, middle and high school students aged between 12 and 21. To examine the causal relationship between parents child-rearing and self-reported criminal behavior, we used Joreskog and Sorbom's LISREL Ⅷ. The hypothesis was supported. From our study, it is implied that future research should attempt to develop a more refined model on the relationship between child-rearing and crime, and to elaborate the measures on the major concepts such as parental child rearing, and criminal behavior.

This study examined the environmental factors that increase juvenile delinquencies, reviewed the current state and problems of the policy for protecting delinquent juveniles, and proposed improvement plans. Environmental factors that increase juvenile delinquencies are believed to be rapid urbanization, the malfunction of families and schools, changes and diversification of the value system, the influence of mass communications, etc. Therefore, as social and political measures for protecting delinquent juveniles, it is necessary to promote juvenile delinquency prevention movements by local societies, reinforce the function of families, strengthen the all-round education of schools, establish a new value system, and tighten regulations on mass communications harmful to juveniles. In addition to these, as measures based on the Juvenile Law, it is required to individualize and diversify educative measures, pay special attention to sending delinquent juveniles to training schools or reform schools, develop various types of training schools and their programs, create regulations on the juvenile diversion of the police, and assure a due procedure in the protective process of juveniles.

This Research suggests improvement of current correctional policy on juvenile delinquents. It argues that recent augmentation of crimes committed by younger juveniles and its aggravation is caused by correctional policy based on punitive execution. For the research, 552 correctional officers from youth detention centers and prison for youth in Kyoung-ggi, Dae-jeon, Cheon-an, and Kim-cheon of 1,550 correctional officers from all the correctional facilities for the youth draw up the self-reports. This illustrates us satisfactions on the facilities and its educational or vocational programs offered. It also shows us how correctional community protects released youth from possible repeated offenses. According to the result of self-reports, more than half of participants were satisfied with current correctional facilities, however many participants point out that correctional facilities must be improved to be more mitigate. Even though there are positive views on the intellectual education, academic education and vocational training offered in the current correctional system, lots of them believe it needs to offer more practical education that youth can fit into the community more successfully after release. In addition, many people take interests in new treatment system such as group home, foster homes, day treatment and alternative school program which are community treatments performed in America and Australia. However, it needs to examine carefully though. For the future, when these variety system operates successfully, we can forecast that they will reduce crimes of juvenile delinquents and contribute to prevention of possible repeated offenses.

In this paper, the interactive effects of major factors on juvenile delinquency were examined using multiple regression analysis. Major factors on juvenile delinquency are attachment to the parents, supervision of the parents, school achievement, strain caused by school achievement(achievement strain), strain caused by college(or job) entrance (entrance strain), the degree of contact with delinquent peers(delinquent contact) and the degree of bond with delinquent peers(delinquent bond). Interaction terms were created by multiplying each of the major factors. Juvenile delinquency was measured by three methods; the times of minor delinquency, the times of serious delinquency, and the seriousness measure of the committed delinquent behavior by seriousness scale. Three sets of regressions were then performed. First, minor delinquency measure was regressed on the seven variables of major factors, with and without the twelve interaction terms. Second, serious delinquency measure was regressed on the seven variables of major factors, with and without the twelve interaction terms. Third, seriousness measure was regressed on the seven variables of major factors, with and without the twelve interaction terms. The result from the regressions with the interaction terms shows that the twelve interaction terms significantly increase the amount of explained variance in both serious delinquency and seriousness degree but not in minor delinquency. The amount of explained variance in the serious delinquency is increased from 26.8% to 31.5%, or 17.6%. Explained variance in seriousness of delinquency is increased from 31.2% to 34.0%, or 9.0%. But increasement in minor delinquency is not significant, from 43.9% to 44.3%, only 0.9%. The five terms of twelve interaction terms have a significant effect on the serious delinquency or the seriousness of delinquency; 'attachment × entrance strain', 'attachment × delinquent contact', 'supervision × delinquent contact', 'school achievement × delinquent contact', and 'school achievement × delinquent bond'. Overall, the paper indicates that the addition of the interaction terms substantially improves the prediction of serious delinquency.

IPQC system was introduced for the flight safety at the age of scientific safety management in the 1980s. In spite of performing this system, aircraft accidents caused by human factors, which were above 70% among all flight accident factors, have not been reduced. Accordingly, throughout this paper I analyzed the aircraft accident factors by means of a literature study and a pilot survey. Then, based on the notion of TQC(Total Quality Control), I hierarchically classified Individual Quality into Capacity Management, Safety Management, and General Management and did the low-ranked management factors as well. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), one of the scientific management methods, was used for estimating the relative importance of Individual Quality Control factors and the heavy aircraft accident causes over the last 20 years were analyzed according to the flight ranks. Based on the comparative analysis of results derived above, an IPQC model as flight ranks is established. In short, according to this newly suggested model we can obtain the maximum flight safety with the preventive actions against aircraft accidents caused by human factors and by improving the operation effect under the reasonable pilot management.

솔껍질깍지벌레 수컷성충의 비행습성 및 합성페로몬에 대한 반응이 해송 피해림에서 조사되었다. 해송임분내에서 수컷성충의 자연비행밀도는 수관부위가 지표면 근처보다 높았다. 페로몬 50을 처리한 장소로부터 페로몬이 처리되지 않은 끈끈이 트래？ frjflquf로 설치하여 수컷의 부착수를 조사한바 페로몬에 영향 받는 거리는 10mm이하로 조사되었다. 합성페로몬 50은 높은 유인효과가 있었으나 1처리구는 유인효과가 인정되지 않았다. 수관 울폐도가 높은 지역에서의 지상높이별 유인개체수는 자연비행 밀도와 같이 수관상부가 지표면 근처보다 많았으나 울폐도가 낮은 지역에서는 오히려 지표면 근처에서 더 많은 개체가 유인되는 경향이었다. 본 해충의 신규발생지 조사에 있어 알주머니 육안조사에 의한 관해 방법 및 페로몬트랩에 의한 방법을 비교한바 페로몬트랩에 의한 조사가 보다 효과적이었다. 111m의 공간에 합성페로몬 32mg을 처리한 경우 교미교란 효과는 나타나지 않았다.

본 연구는 비행중인 담배나방(Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee))성충의 혈림프내 지질과 탄수화물의 함량변화와 그들의 호르몬조절가능을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 비행초기 몇분동안에 암수 모두 빠른 지질증가반응을 보였고, 약 2기간까지 증가된 수준이 유지되었다. 비행중 혈림프내 탄수화물농도는 거의 변화가 없었지만, 수컷에서는 비행후 10분 동안 약간의 농도증가가 있었다. 합성 지질동원호르몬(Lom-AKH-II), 당동원호르몬(Bld-HrTH), 담배나방 자신의 뇌-카디아카체 추출물들 모두 담배나방의 혈림프내 지질과 당함량을 높여주었는데, 지질이 당보다 훨씬 더 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 주로 지질이 담배나방의 주 비행연료로 사용되고 혈림프내 지질함량은 지질동원호르몬의 조절을 받는 것으로 보여진다. 또한 담배나방에는 지질동원호르몬과 당동원 호르몬이 같이 있을 수 있으며, 이들 펩티드들의 구조는 Mass-AKH, Hez-HrTH, Lom-AkH-II, Pea-HrTH 등의 구조와 유사할 것이라고 유추되었다.

To fly a drone or unmanned aerial vechicle(UAV) safely, its pilot needs to maintain high situation awareness of its flight space. One of the important ways to improve the flight space awareness is to integrate both the global and the local navigation map a drone provides. However, the drone pilot often has to use the inconsistent reference frames or perspectives between the two maps. In specific, the global navigation map tends to display space information in the third-person perspective, whereas the local map tends to use the first-person perspective through the drone camera. This inconsistent perspective problem makes the pilot use mental rotation to align the different perspectives. In addition, integrating different dimensionalities (2D vs. 3D) of the two maps may aggravate the pilot’s cognitive load of mental rotation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation between perspective difference (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) and the map dimensionality matches (3D-3D vs. 3D-2D) to improve the way of integrating the two maps. The results show that the pilot’s flight space awareness improves when the perspective differences are smaller and also when the dimensionalities between the two maps are matched.