PURPOSES : The commuting time is changing due to the changes in working style and hours. Thus, if the operating hours of parttime bus-only lanes, which are being implemented to increase on-time reliability, do not reflect the rush hour due to the changes in the commuting form, the effectiveness of part-time buses decreases. Therefore, in order to improve the punctuality of the bus, we would like to improve the operation time of part-time bus-only lanes by reflecting the rush hour according to the changes in commuting times. METHODS : Peak time was analyzed by surveying traffic volume, speed, and number of public transportation users in the curb bus lane operation section of the Daejeon Metropolitan City. The improvement effect was analyzed based on the passing speed ratio of general vehicles and buses when the implementation time of the dedicated vehicles was improved. RESULTS : The curb bus lane operation time in Daejeon was 40 min shorter than the average operating time of 2 h and 40 min in other major cities. Based on a 2 h analysis, the minimum speed occurrence time was 17:30 to 19:30, the maximum traffic occurrence time was 17:00 to 19:00, and the maximum number of passengers was during 17:00 to 19:00, which is different from the operation time of the afternoon bus-only lanes. CONCLUSIONS : By reflecting the analyzed peak hours, the operating hours of the afternoon lane are improved from 18:00~20:00 to 17:00~19:30. Prior to the implementation of the dedicated vehicles, the traffic speed of the buses and general vehicles is 1.8 (general/bus), It was analyzed that the traffic speed of general vehicles and buses after implementation was reduced to 1.5 (general/bus), thus improving the operation time in terms of the purpose and effectiveness of bus-only lanes.

PURPOSES : In this paper, pedestrian-oriented time assured traffic operation (POTATO), adopted in Korea at a single crossing pedestrianoriented operating area, is explored and applied to a simulation experiment and test site to verify the operation efficiency. METHODS : Three candidate plans are presented as a method to operate pedestrian-oriented signal operations that can overcome the restrictions on signal controllers in Korea. The selected POTATO and TOD signal operations were compared and analyzed. The delay and pedestrian queues, present length, and number of times were used as comparative indices. RESULTS : Scenario-specific simulations confirmed that the delay, compared to TOD signal operation, was reduced by up to 5 s/ped depending on the vehicle traffic volume and the number of pedestrians. For the vehicle delay, the results increased up to 8.99 s/veh, depending on the traffic volume of the vehicles and pedestrians. As a result of the test site operation, POTATO operation improved by 5.12 s/ped (approximately 46.69% improvement) compared to TOD operation in the hours commuting to school and by 2.84 s/ped in the hours commuting from school (approximately 51.13% improvement). In case of vehicle delay, the delay increased by 2.35 s/veh (approximately 64.39%) in the hours commuting to school and 1.20 s/veh (approximately 21.11%) in the hours commuting from school compared to the TOD operation. CONCLUSIONS : Through simulations and test site pilot operation verifications, the effects of pedestrian delay improvement were more positive if POTATO proposed in this study was low in vehicle traffic.

This study examines the transitional situation that can be seen from the palace operation in early Joseon Dynasty. The first decades of Joseon after the nation was founded differ from the Joseon Dynasty as a whole, but rather similar with the Goryeo Dynasty. By examining “The History of Goryeo(高麗史),” it showed that palace operation during the Goryeo Dynasy was marked by the fact that a separate palace was built and resided in despite the existence of the Bongweol(本闕, main palace) as the central palace. The separation of the parent’s generation and the children’s generation was shown through the establishment of one’s own palace. Such trait of Goryeo affected palace construction directly after the founding of Joseon. This can be shown from the characteristic of palace operation by generation. The construction of the Changdeokgung Palace(昌德宮) of King Taejong, as his own palace, is an example. Afterwards, the palace system of Joseon was established, and the space of the king and the crown prince was merged through ritual reform during the reign of King Sejong. However, the space for the parents of the king were considered separate, and this influence continued to the reign of King Seongjong. The construction of Changgyeonggung Palace(昌慶宮) during the reign of King Seongjong is an event where the king proclaimed the separation with his mother and grandmother.

There are several methods of peak-shaving, which reduces grid power demand, electricity bought from electricity utility, through lowering “demand spike” during On-Peak period. An optimization method using linear programming is proposed, which can be used to perform peak-shaving of grid power demand for grid-connected PV+ system. Proposed peak shaving method is based on the forecast data for electricity load and photovoltaic power generation. Results from proposed method are compared with those from On-Off and Real Time methods which do not need forecast data. The results also compared to those from ideal case, an optimization method which use measured data for forecast data, that is, error-free forecast data. To see the effects of forecast error 36 error scenarios are developed, which consider error types of forecast, nMAE (normalizes Mean Absolute Error) for photovoltaic power forecast and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) for load demand forecast. And the effects of forecast error are investigated including critical error scenarios which provide worse results compared to those of other scenarios. It is shown that proposed peak shaving method are much better than On-Off and Real Time methods under almost all the scenario of forecast error. And it is also shown that the results from our method are not so bad compared to the ideal case using error-free forecast.

다양한 학문기반의 토대가 되는 한문과의 중요성에 대한 논의는 이미 선행 연구들을 통해서 가치 실현이 되었다. 이러한 전제 속에 본고는 연구자 실제 강의했던 경험을 바탕으로 실제 한문과의 운영이 어떻게 존립하고 현상 유지되거나 위기에 처해 있는지 실증적으로 보여주고자 했다. 이를 종합하면 2019년도 강행된 강사법 시행령 문제와 관련하여 대학 내 현장적 운영 모습은 다음과 같이 정리될 수 있다. 첫째 현 시류에 영향을 받지 않은 것으로 판단되나 계속 그 추이를 주목해야 하는 경우, 둘째 시행령의 포섭되어 강좌 폐지로 즉결된 경우 두 가지 사례가 진단되었다. 이러한 사실의 목도는 기실 이 논의가 필요한 이유이자 배태한 연원과 관련 깊다. 이러한 전후 상황과 관련하여, 실제 학습자들의 요구 사항을 검토해 본 결과, 유념해야 할 사항을 정리하면 3가지 정도로 추릴 수 있다. 먼저, 대학 본부에서는 학생들의 의견 수렴 창구 토대를 긴밀히 구축할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 학과별 한문과가 연합하여 제각기 다른 가치 창출을 위한 밑거름 이 될 수 있도록 통합적 모색이 필요한데, 이때 다양한 채널이 필요하다. 마지막으로 비전공자를 위한 수강과목 그리고 전공생을 위해서는 난이도 평가 구별을 통해 소수로만 운영될 분반별 강좌가 시행될 수 있도록 하는 조처도 요구된다. 이 같은 필요점은 취업 혹은 실용과 직결되는 교과목이 아닌 여타 학문과나 교양과 전체로 확대될 수 있을 것이다.

In this study, based on the System Dynamics (SD) methodology, the interrelationship between the factors inherent in the operation of the New Technology Certification System (NTCS) in Korea was identified by a causal map containing a feedback loop mechanism in connection with ‘new technology development investment’, ‘commercialization of new technology’, and ‘sales by new technology’. This conceptualized causal map was applied to the simulation of the operations of the New Excellent Technology and Environmental Technology Verification System (NET&ETV) run by the Ministry of Environment among various NTCSs in Korea. A SD computer simulation model was developed to analyze and predict the operational performance of the NET&ETV in terms of key performance indices such as ‘sales by new technology’. Using this model, we predicted the future operational status the NET&ETV and found a policy leverage that greatly influences the operation of the NET&ETV. Also the sensitivity of the key indicators to changes in the external variables in the model was analyzed to find policy leverage.

Supply chain management can be defined as an information system that connects the inside and outside of a company. Its purpose is to systematically and strategically manage the flow of information, resources and services to improve the long-term performance of the entire organization, including individual companies connected to the supply chain, and the quality of service provided to customers. The ultimate goal of SCM is to create synergy through organic integration of supply and demand based on cooperation and collaboration with stakeholders in the supply chain. This study is based on the hypothesis that the company's management performance will improve as the level of SCM improves. Most of the previous studies dealt with the relationship between corporate performance and SCM in the IT area. In this study, research was conducted through human capacity with IT system. The causal relationship was demonstrated, and there was a difference in the perception of the results of this study depending on whether or not smart factories were consulted in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. There is a need to examine the links between management's value chain and its causal relationship.

PURPOSES: This paper presents the development and evaluation of the smart hardware-in-the-loop systems (SMART-HILS) that evaluate traffic signal operations of a new real-time traffic signal control system called SMART SIGNAL at the traffic management center (TMC) level. METHODS: The layouts of the hardware and software components of the SMART-HILS were introduced in this study and its performance was tested using real-time traffic signal operation algorithms embedded in the SMART SIGNAL control server by utilizing the VISSIM simulation model. In this study, the SMART-HILS management software was developed using .NET programming language. Fewer random seed numbers were used for the test scenarios by conducting statistical tests to address the shortcomings of a longer time due to the adoption of the simulation time as the real-time by the TMC server. RESULTS : It was determined that SMART-HILS can communicate with TMC and VISSIM for both upload and download directions within acceptable time constraints and evaluate new design algorithms for traffic signal timing. CONCLUSIONS : In practice, traffic engineers can utilize SMART-HILS for testing the traffic signal operation alternatives before their selection and implementation. This application could increase the productivity of traffic signal operation.

PURPOSES: This study aims to suggest improvements to the management implementation plan for privately-financed roads. METHODS: We reviewed the establishment procedures and contents of the management implementation plan for expired businesses and analyzed the limits of detailed instructions. Additionally, we created a checklist including the needs of competent authorities to solve practical matters. Furthermore, we introduced the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to reflect aspects that were not covered in the detailed instructions. RESULTS: We suggested criteria for the decision-making structure system using the AHP method for efficient decision-making between the operation under government management and contracting-out. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed AHP method can consider other alternatives that are not proposed in the previous detailed instructions. However, further study is required with regard to the redundancy verification and appropriateness of weights of the evaluation items.