본 논문의 목적은 다목적 저수지의 홍수유입량 예측을 위한 방법으로 병렬다중결선의 계층구조를 가진 신경망이론에 의하여 홍수시 불확실한 비선형시스템의 특성을 같는 저수지 유입량 예측모형을 개발하는 것이다. 신경망이론을 이용한 예측모형의 개발을 위하여 역전파 학습알고리즘을 사용하였으며 역전파 학습알고리즘 사용시 흔히 대두되는 지역최소값 문제와 수렴속도의 향상을 위해서 최적화기법인 경사하강법을 이용한 모멘트법과 경사하강법과 Gauss-Newton 방법을 이용한

Hak-youn Kim. 1997. Expletive Constructions in Optimality Theory. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 11: 91-105. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest LRI (Last Resort Insertion) instead of Subject in the rank of Subject ＞ FI for optimal expletive in non-pro drop language. The general framework of Optimal Theory in syntax is introduced focused on Ob-Hd constraint in subject-verb inversion in English, and Subject and FI constraints in English and Italian. However the Subject constraint defined as "subject position must be filled" is not enough to cover all the expletive constructions. When the so called associate-NP is definite(DP), it can satisfy EPP feature in Infl without expletive. And Default Agreement of Subject in Icelandic also blocks an expletive in the subject position. Instead the last resort insertion of expletive occurs in order to satisfy the EPP feature only when the associate-NP is indefinite(NP). This is because the expletive functions as a determiner. Therefore I suggest to replace Subject by LRI.

본 연구는 댐 및 하천제방에 대한 수문학적 위험도 평가를 위해서 Monte-carlo 기법과 AFOSM 기법에 의한 위험도 모형을 개발하였다. 댐 및 제방에 대한 위험도 해석을 위하여 fault tree를 작성하였고, 단계별 위험도 평가과정을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 위험도 모형은 모형 매개변수에 대한 변동성을 고려하여 강우-유출해석, 저수지 추적, 하도추적 등으로 구성하였다. 강우-유출해석에 있어서는 200년 빈도 및 PMP에 의한 설계강우에 대한 KR

지진 발생시 댐에 야기되는 동수압에 대하여 고전이론에서는 이를 정상상태로 취급하였는데 반하여 본 논문에서는 지진운동을 일시적인 현상으로 취급하여 비정상 선형 이론을 가지고 동수압을 검증하였다. 더욱이 지진운동은 불규칙한 수평 및 수직운동으로 구성되어있으며, 이 운동은 일시적인 현상으로 곧 사라짐으로 정상운동이 아니다. 따라서 지진운동에 의한 동수압은 비정상적으로 취급해야하며 불규칙한 지진운동을 그대로 입력하여 동수압을 구해야한다. 고전 이론에서는 지진운

Chung, Yung-sik. 1997. Polysemous Meaning of English Verbs. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 10: 115-147. To explain the systematic relationships among the interrelated meanings, this study adopts the lexical network approach proposed by Langacker(1991). The relationships among a large number of related senses of a polysemous lexical item can be characterized in terms of relationships between a schema and its instances on the other, and all these relationships cannot be explained without taking human cognitive abilities into account. With reference to the cognitive processing, the following processes, among others, are found to be at work: First, the systematic relationships among the various meanings of a lexical item are obtained by applying the profile shift to the same conceptual base. The relationships between transitive verbs and corresponding intransitive verbs are remarkable examples of the profile shift. Second, semantic extension from the concrete meaning to the abstract meaning results from the domain shift. Therefore, a word can refer to many objects or events, and the semantic category of a word consists of entities referred to by the word. The purpose of this study is to show that these cognitive principles operate on language by investigating the process of semantic extension of verbs, and to show the systematic relationships among the interrelated meanings of a lexical item based on the semantic analysis of affect verbs such as the English `break` etc.

중국 고대의 산문은 발전하여 명나라와 청나라 시기에 이르기까지 藝術史의 눈부신 몇몇 단계를 거쳤지만, 이와 아울러 그 예술 상의 단점과 병폐도 또한 노출하였다. 명나라와 청나라 시기의 산문창작은 앞시대에서 마련된 산문예술 상의 경험을 기초로 하여 변화를 거듭한 끝에 새로운 경지를 열었고, 이후에 비로소 산문예술의 발전을 계속적으로 推動할 수 있었다. 다행스럽게 명나라와 청나라 散文家들 가운데는 이런 점에 留意하여古文을 지으며, 예술 상의 個性을 추구하는 인물이 많았다. 때문에 명나라와 청나라 두 시기에는 산문예술이 어떻게 발전할 수 있을 것인가에 관한논쟁이 매우 시끄러웠는데, 유례없이 많은 주장과 많은 流派가 생겨났다.이것은 필연적으로 급속하게 산문예술에 관한 이론이 전개되고, 산문창작의 風格이 다양화되는 결과를 가져왔다.

멱 유속 분포를 구하기 위해 개정 Prandtl 혼합 거리 이론이 이용되었으며, 여기에서 사용된 지수값의 범위는 1/4~1/7이었다. 이 개정된 유속분포를 이용하여 간단한 부유사 농도 분포식을 개발하였다. 미국 지질조사국이 리오그란데강에서 실측한 자료와 명목값인 =1.0, =0.4, 그리고 가시관에 의해 얻어진 침강속도를 이용한 개정 농도식 계산결과와 실측지와의 비교는 양호한 편이었으며, 지수에 임의로 두배를 해주었을 경우에는 좋은 결과를 보였다. 적당

Yong-Suck Kim. 1966. A Study on the Feature-Checking Theory of Reflexives: Focusing on the Reflexivization in Korean. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 8: 91-127. The main goal of this study is to argue that the various types of anaphora, displayed by Korean reflexives, can be explained in terms of a reformulated version of feature-checking theory along the line of Chomsky`s(1992, 1999) minimalist theory. As a result from this study, it comes to light that all kinds of Korean reflexives, including X^0 reflexives, except the caki type are analyzed as complex reflexive NP consisting of a pronominal element, either overt or covert, and a reflexive element, as analogous to English reflexive, him+self. These internal elements of reflexives must move up to the relevant positions within the upper functional category DP at LF level for their feature-checking respectively, which virtually gives rise to another movement of D (or DP in some instance) for the identification of its feature-variables by higher AGR. It also turns out under the argumentation that the subject-orientation of reflexives may be captured by the `subject-orientation principles for reflexives,` proposed here under the feature-checking theory of reflexives.

Seok, Jong-hwan. 1996. The Empty Categories in Phonological Theory. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 8: 25-46. This paper deals with issues relevant to the empty categories in phonological theory. The framework on which this paper is based is Government Phonology proposed by Kaye, Lowenstamm & Vergnaud(1985, 1990). GP is based on the notion of principles and parameters as developed by Chomsky(1981). One of the primary aims of GP is to look for Universal Grammar in phonology. To achieve this aim, GP employs a set of principles and parameters already well established in syntax. A nucleus which dominates a vowel in specific contexts can be underlyingly empty. An onset can have neither a skeletal point nor segmental material, and can have a skeletal point but no associated phonological content as well. Whether an empty nucleus is phonetically realized or not is not a question of representation, but a question of interpretation. Empty nuclei can be found in a domain-final as well as domain-internal positions. The interpretation of empty nuclei is determined by the Empty Category Principle, which is regarded as a part of Universal Grammar. The licensing condition for a domain-final is a language-specific parameter. An empty nucleus which is licensed is not interpreted phonetically. The interpretation of a domain-internal empty nucleus is determined depending on proper government. The recognition of empty categories in phonological theory can lead us toward an attempt to look for Universal Grammar in phonology as well as syntax.

The elimination of Government Theory is justified in the Minimalist Theory in that the license of traces, the check of structural Cases, the assignment of thematic roles, and the relation of Binding and Control etc. are explained without barriers. The Government is defined on the basis of barriers which limit downward line of COMMAND. And the Subjacency Condition and Empty Category Principle are deeply related with Government Theory because both explanations are dependent on the notion of barriers. But in the framework of Minimalist approach, as the Government Theory is eliminated, the Subjacency Condition is now replaced by economy principles on derivation, and the ECp by the licensing requirement on Chains. In order to form a legitimate Chain, first, it should satisfy morphological requirements such as ø -features, Case features. tense features and〔+WH〕features. The second, it should be uniform with respect to L-relatedness or T-relatedness or both. But in spite of the elimination of Government Theory, the Minimalist Theory should depend on barriers to explain Island phenomena such as the Strong Islands and the Weak Islands. If the notion of barriers can not be removed in such phenomena, the Minimalist Theory gets damaged in that the elimination of Government Theory can not be justified. In order to solve the problem, I propose that Wh-arguments and Wh-adjuncts be Wh-in-situs within the Strong Islands such as Subject Islands, Complex NP Islands, Adjunct Islands and Weak crossover Islands, and be explained by the following principle after SPELL-OUT without a direct Wh-movement. (A)〔+WH〕feature of wh-phrase within the Strong Islands can be absorbed only if there exists a〔+WH〕feature of wh-phrase in the matrix clause. And in order to explain the asymmetry of the extraction of arguments adjuncts in the Weak Islands, I propose that Wh-adjuncts only be Wh-in-situs without the lexical movement.

What is the national competitive power\ulcorner What are the determinants of national competitive advantage\ulcorner In order to find these problems, this study was initiated theoretically through the international trade theory and international managerial strategic theory. The flow of studies, in connection with these competitive advantage, come into industries competitive advantage from national competitive advantage. It is understood that the flow of studies is based on the change of paradigm about the international industry environment. Today, the international industry environment has been changed into vigorous situation with the new trade system such as globalization, UR negotiation, WTO system instead of GATT. Among these environments, all enterprises in any industries should try to enhance their benefit, income profits and develop their management strategy, because it is essential for them to keep and make a profit in order to be competitive against all other rivaling enterprises. According to researchers and the ages of history, the concept and determinants of competitive advantage have been dissimiliar as followings. 1) Theory of absolute advantage : Absolute Product Cost. 2) Theory of comparative advantage : Comparative Product Cost. 3) Theory of reciprocal demand : the Reciprocal Demand Structure. 4) Theory of Hechsher-Ohlin : Factor Endowment. 5) Paradox of Leontief : the Quality of Factor Endowment. 6) Theory of technological gap : R & D. 7) Technological gap model : The Technological Gap. 8) Theory of the product life cycle : Product Life Cycle. 9) Christensen's study : Firm's character & manager's character. 10) Monopolistic Advantage Theories : Monopolistic Advantage 11) Electic theory : Ownership, location and internalization specific advantages. 12) Theory of value chain : Cost advantage, Differentiation, Focus. However all these theories have the limit of illustration regarding today's competitive situation, the Porter's theory shows well the determinants of competitive advantage with competitive strategy. Therefore, the analysis of the competitive advantage for maritime industry should be studied by the determinants of competitive advantage of nations

The purpose of this study is to develop a linear reservoir model with Kalman filter using Kalman filter theory which removes a physical uncertainty of rainfall-runoff process. A linear reservoir model, which is the basic model of Kalman filter, is used to calculate runoff from rainfall in river basin. A linear reservoir model with Kalman filter is composed of a state-space model using a system model and a observation model. The state-vector of system model in linear reservoir model with Kalman filter takes the ordinate of IUH from linear reservoir model. The average value of the ordinate of IUH for a linear reservoir model with Kalman filter is used as the initial value of state-vector. A linear reservoir model with Kalman filter shows better results than those by linear reserevoir model, and decreases a physical uncertainty of rainfall-runoff process in river basin.

This article accounts for the formation of wh-questions and yes-no questions in English within the Minimalist Program of Chomsky (1993). Wh-words and such auxiliaries as do, have, be, and modal verbs in interrogative sentences are a -moved according to the economy principle of movement theory. In an interrogative construction wh-fronting and auxiliary movement arise from the necessity of fixing parameters and word order through morphological checking processes. To be checked off morphological properties of an interrogative sentence, lexical categories expressing meaning structure move to functional categories parameterizing syntactic structure. Constraints based on the economy principle, of course, are applied in the course of the morphological checking in a checking domain. With respect to morphological properties that should be checked off in wh-questions and yes-no questions, we propose that there exist three combinations of WH-feature and Q-feature in complementizer(=C) : [+ WH, +Q] for wh-extraction from an object or an adjunct, [+WH, -Q] for wh-extraction from a subject, and [-WH, +Q] for yes-no question formation. Other important condition for the formation of an interrogative sentence is that C has a tense operator which must be checked off by the tense operator feature of the tense verb in the tense domain C.

이 연구의 목적은 자신감과 수행간 관계의 특성과 기능을 검증하는 데 있다. 자신감은 사람이 어떤 결과를 성취하기 위하여 요구된 행동을 성공적으로 실행할 수 있다는 개인의 확신의 강도로서 정의된다. 자신감은 사람들이 처음에 선택하는 활동의 종류와 그에 바치는 노력의 양 및 장애에 직면했을 때 얼마나 버티는가를 결정한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 자신감은 적절한 유인과 적정기술이 나타날 때만 수행을 예측한다. 자신감은 네 가지 원칙적 정보요소에 의해 영향을 받는다. 자신감과 수행에 영향을 미치는 여러 기법들이 소개되어 왔다. 비록 Bandura의 모델이 너무 단순하여 운동수행에 있어 모든 행동변화들을 설명하지 못할지라도 자신감은 운동행동을 설명하는 데 있어 중요한 인지적 기진이다.