The purpose of this study is to introduce a rural development project utilized Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA), which has been widely developed and applied as an approach and methods for participatory rural development since 1990’s. In the ODA project titled as “Happiness Program”, a comprehensive community development program designed and conducted by KOICA for underprivileged ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province, Vietnam, the villagers were able to analyse the realities of their situations, to plan, to act, and to monitor and evaluate their actions for improvement through all the processes of PRA utilization. Apart from the successful implementation of participatory rural development activities, this project also made a contribution to extending our knowledge about PRA by presenting the monitoring and evaluation system built for the project and the impact analyzed by the system such as increase in villagers’ annual income, expansion of infrastructure, capacity development and etc.

IPCC Guidelines have been updated after the first official announcement to get more precise estimation of GHG emissions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the implications of the IPCC Guidelines improvements including equations of country-specific parameter values for estimating GHG emissions for rice cultivation on the agricultural sector. In addition, we analyze the effects of emission factors associated with organic amendment applications. The results of this study are as follows; (1) the total GHG emissions of rice cultivation based on 1996 IPCC GL are 28% lower than those estimated by 2006 IPCC GL with the same year data; (2) GHGs can be reduced up to 60% through the assumption of organic fertilizer applications; (3) Jeonnam and Chungnam are the worst regions for GHG emissions on rice cultivation and Chungbuk shows the highest reduction rate of GHG emissions, about 40%.

This study is to estimate the circuity factors which can be used to assess for public facilities accessibility and analyze traffic in the area. We set the range of the administrative districts by Si‧Gun‧Gu unit and Eup‧Myeon‧Dong unit (more subdivided unit than Si‧Gun‧Gu unit). The average circuity factor in Si‧Gun‧Gu unit is 1.364 (maximum 2.953 and minimum 1.711). The region indicated the highest value of circuity factor is wando-gun in jeollanam-do, which area consists of 4 island and is connected to the bridges. Having to use the bridges for using public facilities hinders its accessibility. In the case of Eup ‧ Myeon ‧ Dong unit, the average circuity factor is 1.353 (maximum 2.950 and minimum 1.154). The region indicated the highest value of circuity factor is buksan-myeon in chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do. This region also has to use bridges for using public facilities because there is the largest lake, called Soyangho. This circuity factor is used to analyze the location of public facilities and assess vulnerability of accessibility. And also the factor can be applied to some policies, such as rural public service planning based on spatial big data.

When an age of low growth and population decline, population migration plays an important role in spatial structure of region. There have been many researches on migration and regional spatial structure. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes of Gwangju and Jeonnam region’s spatial structure and central area using social network analysis methods. For analysis it was used that population and migration data and passenger OD(Origin and Destination) travel data released by Statistics Korea and Korea Transport Database(KTDB). Using Gephi 0.8.2, migration and passenger OD networks were visualized, and this describe network flow and density. The results of the network centrality analysis show that the most populated village is not always network center though population mass is an important factor of central places. The average eigenvector centrality of 2010 migration is the lowest during 2005-2015, and it means few regions have high centralities. When comparing migration and travel networks, travel data is more effective than migration data in determining the central location considering spatial functions.

Rural development policy has changed from hardware based development to community revitalization. The purpose of this study is to analyze social network of collaborative activity among rural organizations as fundamental of community. The material used in this study is a record of collaborative activites in the community newsletter of Hong-Dong area. 161 of collaborative activities (links) and 75 of organizations (nodes) are investigated in network. 6 collaborative activity type (‘Education’, ‘Socializing’, ‘Meeting’, ‘Culture’, ‘Event’ and ‘Labor’) is classified. ‘Socializing’ is inclusive of approximately half of whole network (50.67%). Closeness centraization, degree centralization and betweenness centralization are measured on top in ‘Education’, ‘Meeting’ and ‘Event’ type. Scatter plot analysis using degree and betweenness centrality index, ‘Maeul Revitalization Center’, ‘Balmak Library’, ‘Woori-Maeul Medical Co-op’, ‘Support Center for Female Farmers’, ‘Hongdong Middle School’ and ‘Mundang Sustainable Agriculture Education Center’ are resulted as the core organization in network. Geographical distribution of collaborative activity is not only concentated in Hong-Dong Myeon but also networked with adjacent administrative district. This study finds its purpose in the detailed analysis of network characteristics of collaborative activity within Hong-Dong area which is representative developed rural community in Korea

산림휴양과 숲체험을 위하여 진주시 근교에 위치한 월아산에 도시숲 프로그램을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대상지의 현황 및 역사 등 을 분석하였고, 지역주민을 대상으로 인식과 선호도에 관하여 설문조사 및 통계분석을 실시하였다. 현황분석에서 대상지는 관리부실로 낙 후된 숲 시설, 프로그램 등의 문제점을 파악할 수 있었고, 인접한 진주 혁신도시 인구증가로 인하여 휴게시설 증설이 필요할 것으로 예측되 었다. 설문분석에서 최근까지 월아산 이용목적은 운동 및 산책이며, 주로 가족단위로 자가용을 이용해 찾아오지만 이용빈도는 연중 1~2회 로 낮은 비율을 보였다. 현황 및 설문 분석을 종합하여 도시숲 프로그램 계획에서 3E라는 개념을 설정하였다. 3E는 Experimental(체험할 수 있는 공간), Everlasting(역사를 지닌 공간), Emblematic(상징적인 공간)로 구분하여 정의될 수 있다. 그 개념을 대상지에서 구현하기 위 해서 먼저 낙후된 산림욕장, 청곡사 주변부지, 장군대봉 등을 연결하는 통로를 정비하고 휴게시설을 조성하여 통행 및 휴식의 매력과 이용 편리를 개선하고, 그와 같은 조건에서 방문객을 유인할 수 있는 프로그램 계획하였다. 프로그램 계획의 주요한 특징은 세 가지로 구분할 수 있다. 첫째, 삼림욕장에 학습장을 조성하고 숲 교육 프로그램을 도입하고, 산책로를 건강 및 휴식을 위한 힐링 숲길로 조성하고 산책, 휴식, 자연학습 등의 숲 체험 프로그램을 도입한다. 둘째, 역사 및 문화자원인 청곡사 및 그 주변을 그 맥락에 부합하도록 정비하고 청곡사와 학영 지를 연결하는 학영지의 이름을 딴 학영로라는 역사 및 문화 산책로를 조성하여 역사 및 문화 스토리텔링 프로그램을 도입한다. 부가적으 로 청곡사와 휴게공간 사이의 연결성을 확보하여 기존의 산책 및 운동을 위한 통로에 역사, 휴식 등의 기능을 부여하여 잠재적으로 다양하 고 풍부한 프로그램을 수용할 수 있도록 한다. 마지막으로 상징적인 공간인 장군대봉 주변 부지에서 월아산 정상부로 월아산 이름의 유래 에서 모티브를 얻은 달을 형상화한 조형물을 랜드마크(landmark)로서 설치한다. 이를 통해 등산을 위해 산을 오를 뿐만 아니라 색다른 볼 거리를 즐기기 위해 산을 오르게 함으로써 더 많은 방문객을 유인할 수 있도록 한다.

This study was carried out to elucidate the chemical compositions of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols collected during summer and winter in downtown Jejusi city. The ratios of NO3 - to the total mass of ionic species in PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols largely increase in winter compared to summer, while SO4 2- ratios in both aerosols appear to follow the opposite trend. Moreover, concentrations of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl- in PM10 and PM2.5-10 aerosols are higher in winter than in summer. The nitrate concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols increase with an identical increase in excess ammonium during winter, however, nitrate formation during summer is not important owing to ammonium-poor conditions.

The Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) provides information about the volume growth of a tree. In this study, we estimated the relative growth rates of Castanea crenata and Pinus rigida as 4.07% and 3.73%, respectively. Although the difference was low, we demonstrated that the growth rate of C. crenata is slightly faster than that of P. rigida. After calculating the relative growth rate for each section, we found that the relative growth of C. crenata decreased with time. However, the relative growth rate of P. rigida showed an overall increase. The gap widths of both species showed an increasing trend. However, the gradient of the two species was different. The gradient of C. crenata was approximately 12.0, but that of P. rigida was approximately 4.7. This means that the volume growth of C. crenata was faster than that of P. rigida during 4 years. However, this was relatively a short period for measuring the volume growth pattern, and we believe that additional useful information can be obtained by conducting long-term ecological monitoring. Results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that among the climate variables, temperature was significantly related to the gap widths for both species.

2014년 8월 25일 집중호우시 효암천 상류지역의 도심과 농경지 등에 큰 침수피해가 발생하였다. 이 지역은 고리원전 부지조성을 위해 하구부 의 하천이설과 주변지역에 대한 성토 등 대규모 개발사업이 이루어진 곳이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 개발이 홍수시 침수피해의 원인이 되었는지를 알아보기 위해 HEC-GeoRAS 모형을 이용하여 개발사업 전․ 후에 대한 효암천 유역의 침수심과 침수면적의 변화를 조사하였다. 분석결과, HEC-GeoRAS 모형은 농경지 등 지형변화 및 표고차가 작은 하천유역에 대해서도 홍수시 침수심과 침수면적의 변화를 비교적 정확하게 산정할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 침수심은 개발사업의 영향으로 2014년 8월 집중호우시 0.99 m가 상승하였고, 100년빈도 홍수시에는 0.39 m가 상승 하는 것으로 나타났다. 침수면적은 100년빈도 훙수시 침수심 1.5 m 이하에서는 감소하였으나 침수심 4.5 m 이상에서는 오히려 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 하천이설과 개발사업으로 인해 하구부의 농경지와 저지대의 자연저유기능이 상실된 것이 2014년 8월 집중호우시 홍수발 생의 주된 원인이 되었으며, 하천이설에 따라 신설된 하천단면의 총 하폭은 크게 증가하였으나 실질적인 유효하폭은 오히려 축소되어 통수단면적 이 감소되었던 것이 침수피해를 가중시킨 것으로 나타났다. 추후 하천이설이나 주변지역에 대한 성토 등 개발행위시에는 기존의 저유기능이 충분 히 고려된 하천개수계획이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

우리나라에서는 도시 개발사업을 위한 환경영향평가를 실시하는데 있어 개발 전․중․ 후의 강우유출량을 분석하도록 규정하고 있다. 도시개발에 따른 수문학적 변화를 분석하고 대책을 수립하기 위해 수문모델이 사용되고 있으나 대부분의 경우 현장의 자료가 충분하지 않은 관계로 그 산정결 과의 신뢰도가 문제될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 대전의 관평천 일부유역에서 2015년 7월 부터 2016년 7월 까지 자동 모니터링 장치을 이용하고 또 한 및 현장 측정을 통해 확보된 강우량 및 유출유량의 연속자료를 활용하여 SWMM을 이용하는 경우 강우 유출량 예측의 정확도를 제고하고자 하 였다. 토양침투량 산정을 위해 대표적으로 사용되는 Curve Number 방법, Horton 방법 및 Green-Ampt 방법들을 사용한 경우에 대해서 투수지 역과 불투수 지역에 대해 각각 최적의 Manning 조도계수와 지표면 저류깊이를 산정하여 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 우리나라의 도시 유역에 서 실측자료를 이용하여 강우 유출 모델을 보정하였다는 면에서 의미가 있다고 판단되며 추후 유역의 개발등의 상황에 대해는 강우 시 유출량 및 수질현상을 더욱 정확하게 예측하고 나아가서 향후의 유역 내 수문조건 변화 요인에 대한 영향을 분석하는 데 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This paper proposes an integrated positioning system to localize a moving object in the shadow-area that exists in the water tank. The new water tank for underwater robots is constructed to evaluate the navigation performance of underwater vehicles. Several sensors are integrated in the water tank to provide the position information of the underwater vehicles. However there are some areas where the vehicle localization becomes very poor since the very limited sensors such as sonar and depth sensors are effective in underwater environment. Also there are many disturbances at sonar data. To reduce these disturbances, an extended Kalman filter has been adopted in this research. To localize the underwater vehicles under the hostile situations, a SVR (Support Vector Regression) has been systematically applied for estimating the position stochastically. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm (an extended Kalman filter + SVR analysis), a new UI (User Interface) has been developed.

Background : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a perennial herb belongs to the family Araliaceae. Wild-cultivated ginseng (WCG) is a specific type of ginseng in Korea which cultivated on artificial forest cultivation method. To obtain a WCG which is similar to wild ginseng (WG), this method usually performed in a mountain using seeds or seedlings of cultivated ginseng (CG) and WG. WCG is very expensive because it is difficult to cultivate. However, systematic cultivation method have not yet been developed compared to high added value. Furthermore, very high price of WCG caused the problem that Panax notoginseng or Panax quinquefolium are sold as WCG in Korean market. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of WCG collected from five areas in Korea using SSR markers. Methods and Results : WCG samples were collected from five areas in Korea (Bucheon, Cheongju, Hoengseong, Judeok and Ulsan). DNA extraction was performed using CTAB method. SSR markers were collected from the published papers. After test PCR using the markers, one of the primer pair was labeled with fluorescence dye (FAM, NED, PET, or VIC) and GeneScan analysis were performed. DNA amplification was conducted using T-100 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad). PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI 3730 DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Conclusion : Eight SSR markers were collected from the published literature and used for the analysis. From the 8 tested SSR markers, 7 SSR markers showed polymorphism between varieties. GenScan analysis were performed using the selected SSR markers to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of WCG. From the results, WCG cultivated in Korea showed that they have a very diverse genetic background.

Background : Codonopsis lanceolata is a perennial plant of Campanulaceae with characteristic flavor and aroma and this plant has saponin, flavonoid, and inulin, which are reported to have physiological activity and antioxidant activity. In contrast, breeding or study of C. lanceolata varieties had not been done for a long time. Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic relationship analysis of the plants by region of the crops can help the collection of genetic backgroud data for variety development. Methods and Results : In this study, we collected 26 C. lanceolata lines (95 individual plants) from 26 regions in Korea. We genotyped the collected lines using SSR markers developed in the previous study and analyzed the population structure based on the results. Population structures were analyzed using model-based STRUCTURE software (version 2.3.4) using the following parameters: Number of clusters (K) set = 1 to 12; Number of Iterations = 5; Length of Burning Period = 100,000; Number of MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) Reps after Burnin = 100,000. As a result, Of the 26 collections, were genetically grouped into 6 or 7 groups. Conclusion : The 26 C. lanceolata collections (95 individual plants) were genetically grouped but not grouped by collected regions. These results suggest that C. lanceolata has diverse genetic backgrounds and this data could be used as a basis for genetic polymorphism analysis of Codonopsis species.

Background : For cultivation of varieties of ginseng, the pure line selection method, which is to select the best among those cultivated in farms for pedigree breeding, replicated yield trials and regional adaptation trials before registering as a new variety, is widely used. Although there are 25 registered varieties of ginseng in Korea, the quality of ginseng is declining together with the amount of harvest being decreased by 15 - 20% due to the heat injuries and diseases from the warming & abnormal climate. Thus, the needs for development of disaster-resistant varieties with better chances of surviving through high temperature, salts and disease are increasing. Therefore, this study is to cultivate disaster-resistant varieties among those selected for their disaster tolerance and salt tolerance through regional adaptation trials. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the growth characteristics of the selected 2 - 5 year old varieties used in the study, among the 5-year old crops, Goryeo 4 and Eumseong 5 showed superior growth in both above and below aerial parts, and among the 4-year old crops, Eumseong 11 and Cheonryang showed superior growth while the growth in the below aerial parts were satisfactory in the order of Cheonryang > Eumseong 10 > Eumseong 11 > Eumseong 9. Among the 3-year old crops, the most superior growth in both above and below aerial parts was observed in Eumseong 14 with the weight of the below aerial part, root diameter and taproot length at 13.8 g, 11.8 ㎝ and 6.2 ㎝ respectively. Among the 2-year old crops, Eumseong 10 showed the most superior growth in both above and below aerial parts. Conclusion : Based on the above results, Goryeo 4 and Eumseong 5 among the 5-year old crops, Eumseong 11 among the 4-year old crops, Eumseong 14 among the 3-year old crops and Eumseon 10 among the 2-year old crops showed the most superior growth among the selected varieties. The growth characteristics of both above and below aerial parts in each year will continuously be monitored.

Background : For the GAP standard cultivation, weed occurrence pattern was investigated by planting density and mulching method of Bupleurum falcatum L. Methods and Results : Vinyl and rice straw were used for mulching. The planting density were 10, 20, and 30 cm, and the spacing between plants were 5 ㎝. The amount of weed emergence were examined twice at the end of July and at the end of September. The degree of importance was based on the Braun-Branquet’s dominance value distinction criterion. As a result, the kind of total weeds emerged during the cultivation of Bupleurum falcatum L. were identified as 20 species in 10 families. Amount of weed’s occurrence were the highest in rice straw covering after 10 × 5 ㎝ sowing, and it were lowest in vinyl mulching after 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing. The frequency of weed emergence was highest with 10 species of 8 families in rice straw mulching treatment. On the other hand, the treatment with the least emergence frequency of weeds was 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing after vinyl mulching, and weeds of 7 species of 6 families appeared. In the second survey in September, weeds of 15 species in 9 families were identified in the test field. The amount of weed’s occurrence were the highest in rice straw mulching after 10 × 5 ㎝ sowing, and it were the least in the case of vinyl mulching after 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing. The frequency of emergence of weeds was highest in rice straw mulching after 20 × 5 ㎝ sowing, and the kind of weeds were 11 species of 8 families. The treatment of the lowest emergence frequency of weeds was 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing after vinyl mulching. Three kinds of weeds occurred. Conclusion : From the above results, it is expected that we can suppress the weed occurrence at the planting density of 30 × 5 ㎝ after vinyl mulching at the sowing of Bupleurum falcatum L.

Background : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a representative medicinal plants and it has been used in traditional medicine because the plant have many effective component such as saponins. To obtain a wild-cultivated ginseng (WCG) which is similar to wild ginseng (WG), this method usually performed in a mountain using seeds or seedlings of cultivated ginseng (CG) and WG. WCG is very expensive because it is difficult to cultivate. However, systematic cultivation method have not been developed compared to their high added value. Furthermore, very high price of WCG caused the problem that Panax notoginseng or Panax quinquefolium are sold as WCG in Korean market. This is concerned as a serious problem to consumers. In this study, we analyzed the agronomic and growth characteristics of the WCG cultivated in Korea. Methods and Results : We examined the WCG that was collected and sold by regional groups at the Korean market. The root age, growth conditions, and quality level of the cultivated WCG were confirmed. WCG samples were collected from five areas in Korea (Bucheon, Cheongju, Hoengseong, Judeok and Ulsan). The main root diameter, root shape index, rhizome length, and root weight showed high level of variation and they did not form annual rings. Conclusion : Agronomic and growth characteristics of WCG showed high variations according to cultivating regions.

Background : This study was conducted to examine the suitability of the blue/white vinyl for ginseng cultivation greenhouses in different regions in an effort to develop a stable ginseng cultivation technology and contribute to popularizing ginseng greenhouse farming. Methods and Results : For comparison purposes, ginseng plants were cultivated in the traditional shading and greenhouse shading facilities. The average temperature in the greenhouse shading facilities during the period of May through October was 20.5℃ in Namwon, 21.4℃ in Jinan, and 23.3℃ in Iksan, with Iksan recording a 1.9–2.8℃ higher average temperature, presumably due to its location in a plain area with low elevation. The average temperatures in the traditional shading facilities ranged between 22.9℃ and 25.7℃, 2.4–2.6℃ higher compared with the greenhouse shading facilities. As for the incidence of disease and pest, as low as 0.1–0.3% of the plants grown under greenhouse shading were infected with Colletotrichum dematium, Alternaria panax, and Rhizoctonia solani, whereas much higher incidences were noted in the control plants, with 3.3–11.3%, 4.7–17.0%, 0.1–0.5%, and 3.0–5.7% infected with Colletotrichum dematium, Alternaria panax, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora cactorum, respectively, throughout the regions. Heat injury occurred only in Iksan (0.3%) in the case of greenhouse-shaded plants, whereas the control plants suffered from much severer heat injury: 3.5% in Namwon, 10% in Jinan, and as high as 35.3% in Iksan. As for the roots, Namwon outperformed other regions in root length (29.7 ㎝), taproot length (8.7 ㎝), and taproot diameter (25.3 ㎜), and also the root fresh weight (53.4 g), followed by Jinan (48.7 g) and Iksan (40.4 g). In yield as well, the greenhouse in Namwon outperformed other regions with 1,297㎏/10a, followed by Jinan (1,183 ㎏) and Iksan (932 ㎏). The effect of greenhouse blue-white vinyl shading on yield by region was analyzed to increase of 177% in Namwon, 209% in Jinan, and 173% in Iksan with respect to their respective traditional shading facilities. Conclusion : The suitability of the blue/white vinyl shading in ginseng cultivation greenhouses was tested experimentally in three different regions. As a result, greenhouse-shaded ginseng plants were found to be much less affected by heat injury compared with traditionally shaded ginseng plants, resulting in much higher yields in all regions. This allows the conclusion that greenhouse ginseng cultivation can contribute to more stable ginseng yield and popularization of ginseng cultivation.

클린하우스 정책이 제주지역에 도입된 이래 정책효과의 유효성 여부를 판단해야할 필요성이 점증 하여 왔다. 평가의 필요성에 대한 주요 이유는 정책허점의 면밀한 검토를 통해 보완점을 찾아봐야 한다는 것이다. 2004년도에 도입된 클린하우스의 주요 예상효과는 주변환경 청결성 제고, 행정비용 감소, 생활폐기물의 재활용률 제고였다. 도입된지 10여년이 지난 2015년 들어 제주지역에는 총 2,569개의 클린하우스가 설치·운영 되고 있다. 제주지역의 클린하우스정잭에 대한 성과를 평가 위해 우리는 두단계의 분석단계를 거쳤다. 먼저, 제주도민들을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 실시하였고 여기서 생성된 데이터를 바탕으로 다중로짓회귀분석을 실시하였다. 다음으로, 클린하우스 성과와 관련한 정량평가를 수행하였다. 제주지역 주민들을 대상으로 실시된 설문조사와 거기서 얻어진 데이터를 이용해서 얻어진 다중 로짓회귀분석 결과에 따르면 지역주민들의 클린하우스에 대한 만족도에 영향을 주는 주요 요인으로서 “클린하우스의 주변환경 청결 제고 기능”, “쓰레기 배출에 대한 성숙한 시민의식”, “불법투기에 대한 강력한 단속” 등인 것으로 분석되었다. 성과 분석에서는 클린하우스 도입이 재활용률과 지자체의 페기물 관리 행정의 재정 자립도를 제고시켰다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

This study was conducted to investigate how PM10 concentration and Relative Humidity (RH) affected visibility in Jinju, Korea. A 9-yr dataset of 1 h averages for visibility, PM10, and RH data was analyzed to examine the correlation between these variables. On average, visibility decreased by 1.4 km for every 10 μg/㎥ increase in PM10 and by 2.1 km for every 10% increase in RH. In general, a negative correlation was observed between visibility and and PM10 concentration. However, under conditions of low PM10 concentration(< 15 μg/㎥) and visibility(< 2 km), there was a positive correlation between these two variables. In this case, RH levels were high (> 75%). A high correlation analysis between two variables need to be under control conditions with RH < 75%, PM10 15~100 μg/㎥, and visibility > 2 km.

Chemical properties of aerosols were investigated by analyzing the inorganic water-soluble content in PM2.5 collected in the downtown area of Jeju City in Jeju Island. Due to an increase in both the number of visiting tourists and the size of local population, the number of cars in this area is increasing, causing an increase in PM2.5. Eight PM2.5-bound major inorganic ions were analyzed during the summer and winter periods. The water-soluble inorganic component represents a significant fraction of PM2.5. In particular, secondary inorganic aerosols contribute 36.2% and 47.5% of PM2.5 mass in summer and winter, respectively. Nitrate concentrations increase for [NH4 +]/[SO4 2-]>1.5, and excess ammonium, which is necessary for ammonium nitrate formation, is linearly correlated with nitrate. These results are clearly observed during the winter because conditions are more conducive to the formation of ammonium nitrate. A significant negative correlation between Nitrogen Oxidation Ratio (NOR) and temperature was observed. The obtained results can be useful for a better understanding of the aerosol dynamics in the downtown area in Jeju City.