국내외 해상 위험·유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances, HNS) 물동량이 증가함에 따라 HNS 유출 사고의 위험성이 점차 높아지고 있다. 해상에 유출된 HNS는 해양생태계 파괴를 비롯한 해양환경 오염 및 인명피해를 유발하며, 화재 및 폭발 등을 동반한 2 차 사고 발생 가능성도 존재한다. 따라서 해상 HNS의 신속한 탐지와 각 물질 특성에 적합한 방제전략을 수립해야 한다. 본 연구에서 는 초분광 원격탐사에 기반한 지상 HNS 유출 실험 과정 및 탐지 알고리즘 적용 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 프랑스 브레스트 지역의 야외 풀장에서 스티렌을 유출한 후 초분광 센서를 활용한 동시 관측을 수행하였다. 순수 스티렌 및 해수 스펙트럼은 주성분 분 석(principal component analysis, PCA) 및 N-Findr 기법을 적용하여 추출하였으며, 또한 spectral distance similarity (SDS), spectral correlation similarity (SCS), spectral similarity value (SSV), spectral angle mapper (SAM)을 포함한 분광정합 기법을 적용하여 초분광 영상 내 화소들을 스티렌 및 해수로 분류하였다. 그 결과 SDS 및 SSV 기법이 우수한 스티렌 탐지 결과를 보여주었으며, 스티렌 총 면적은 약 1.03 m2로 추정되었다. 본 연구는 해상 HNS 모니터링에 주요 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study is to apply the traditional Chinese fretwork on the ‘Faux Chenille’ textile work method in a way of enhancing the decorative features of patterns and developing the fashion design. As for the method, it works on the historic background and advancement of the fretwork and it refers to the bibliographies pertinent to the traditional Chinese geometric pattern. The result are as follows. First, pure cotton and 100% rayon are mixed to make it feasible to produce the texture for the material to be tender and enhanced, and in the process of washing and drying the Faux Chenille textile. The Faux Chenille textile is an important material that is required to select materials with great absorption capability as the most effective material to re-visualize the lines and patterns by sustaining the diagonal lines. Second, the fretwork is designed to process the basic formation for 90° angle with the sense of unlimited extensive line and changes with straight line. It has been confirmed that, if the angle that controls the Faux Chenille textile and the tailoring interval are well aligned, the expression of traditional geometric pattern would be effective and it may be expressed in contemporary style. Third, through the fashion design application by utilizing the Faux Chenille textile of the fretwork, it is confirmed that the contemporary application of the traditional culture could be expressed uniquely and creatively while it is affirmed that the western technique and Asian culture can be blended in harmony.

This study aims to develop a fitted torso pattern suitable for males in their forties and fifties who are obese—a group that accounts for more than fifty percent of men in this age group—using a 3D virtual fitting program. Size Korea’s 2022 data for obese males in their forties and fifties is utilized for this study. In terms of the research method, a 3D program (CLO 3D) is used to implement the target group’s various body types and to apply fitted torsos that enable verification and evaluation of the pattern’s fit and ease. The characteristics of fitted torso patterns for obese bodies are as follows: the front centerline is a profile line; shoulder darts are added by reflecting waist-abdominal protrusion in the front panel; and shoulder, arm, waist, and center-back darts are constructed for the back panel. For obese bodies, the minimum circumference ease amounts should be approximately 6–7cm for the chest, 6cm for the waist, and 6–7cm for the hips. Based on an evaluation of the virtual fit of the developed fitted torso pattern, the data shows that a pattern (foundation) such as this is well suited for obese body types with an average of 4.67/5 points for reverse triangular obesity, an average of 6.67/7 points for log obesity, and an average of 6.69 points for the ease amount.

본 연구는 국내 플라워숍에서 절화의 판매가격표시제도를 활용하는 것에 대한 소비자와 판매자의 인식 및 만족도를 알 아보고 국내 화훼시장에서의 효과적인 판매가격표시제도의 활용방안을 모색하고자 국내 소비자 237명, 판매자 32명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였다. 소비자와 판매자 모두 절화의 가격이 절화 상품의 포장법과 함께 가장 높은 구매 결정 요인 으로 나타났다. 플라워숍의 절화 판매가격표시제도 활용 장점 에 대해 소비자가 판매자보다 높게 인식하고 있었으며, 소비 자와 판매자 모두 판매가격표시제도를 활용함으로써 소비자 의 합리적인 절화 소비 및 절화 가격 신뢰에 가장 큰 도움을 준다고 응답하였다. 소비자는 절화 판매가격표시제도에 대한 불편한 점이 모두 보통(3.00) 이하로 나온 것에 비해, 판매자 의 경우 매번 바뀌는 가격(4.25) 및 가격 표기 기준의 애매함 (3.78), 가격 표기의 번거로움(3.69)을 불편한 요인으로 인식 하였다. 효과적인 판매가격표시제도 방법에 대한 설문에서 소 비자는 한 송이, 한 단 보다는 3~4줄기의 한 묶음씩 판매를 선호하였고, 판매자는 판매 단위에 따른 선호 차이가 없었다. 가격 표시 방법에는 소비자와 판매자 모두 화병에 가격을 표 시하는 것을 가장 선호하였다. 전반적인 절화 판매가격표시제 도에 대하여 소비자들은 판매자들이 기대하는 이상으로 만족 도가 높았으며(P<0.001), 특히 절화 품질(3.75)보다도 절화 가격(3.97)에 대한 만족도가 더 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이 를 통해, 절화 판매가격표시제도가 활성화된다면 소비자들의 절화 가격에 대한 신뢰도와 만족도를 높여줄 것이며 국내 화 훼산업 활성화에 도움이 될 것으로 판단한다.

Climate change due to global warming causes a rise in atmospheric air temperature to rise and extreme shift in precipitation patterns. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely known as one of the major cause of global warming and accounts for about 72% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is more vulnerable to climate change than other industries. Many studies have been conducted to investigate how agroecosystems, both natural and controlled, will respond to the rising level of CO2. Studies on the responses of crops and agricultural environments to climate change are crucial in predicting changes in agro-ecosystems. Research facilities for various types of CO2 treatment have been developed. The representative research facilities are SAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research), OTC (Open Top Chamber), FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment System), and TGC & CTGC (Temperature Gradient Chamber & CO2-Temperature Gradient Chamber). Therefore, this study reviewed research data and their application in agriculture.

The demand for novel strains has been rising in the domestic market to increase the production of sclerotia from Wolfiporia hoelen. To improve strain breeding efficiency, we investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene, which may be linked to the mating type locus, are useful for distinguishing monokaryons from dikaryons in Korean W. hoelen strains. We designed a specific primer set to efficiently amplify a region of RPB2 using PCR with the genomic DNA of 12 cultivated strains and 31 wild strains of W. hoelen collected from Korea. Nucleotide sequences of the PCR-amplified RPB2 genes were determined and analyzed for the presence of SNPs among the 43 W. hoelen strains. Previously reported SNP loci were detected in the RPB2 gene of all W. hoelen strains tested. However, these previously reported SNP loci could not be applied to differentiate monokaryons from dikaryons in approximately one-third of Korean wild strains with homozygous genotypes. Three additional SNPs in the RPB2 gene, which may improve the ability to distinguish monokaryons from dikaryons, were identified by searching through the multiple sequence alignments of the 43 W. hoelen strains. The applicability of these three novel SNPs, together with the previously known SNPs, in the RPB2 gene to W. hoelen strain breeding was verified by examining the hybrid strains and their parental strains.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 발달장애 아동을 위한 태블릿 기반의 인지평가를 통해 세부 인지기능의 프로파일 을 비교함으로써 본 평가가 진단그룹에 따른 인지기능 상태를 평가하는데 변별력이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 총 80명의 만 4~12세 아동이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 진단명별로 자폐 스펙트럼(Autism Spectrum Disorders; ASD) 24명, 지적장애(Intellectual Disability; ID) 20명, 주의력결핍 및 과잉행 동 장애(Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD) 7명, 정상발달 아동 29명이 참여하였다. 태블릿으로 개발된 인지평가는 총 8개 항목으로 공간작업기억, 작업기억용량, 시각적 작업기억, 시지각 처리기술, 집행기능(계획), 집행기능(반응억제 및 주의력), 집행기능(억제)의 세부 인지항목으로 구성되 어 있다. 평가를 시행한 후 진단그룹에 따른 차이를 Kruskal-Wallis 검정을 통해 비교하였다. 통계분석 은 Jamovi 1.6.23 을 사용하였다. 결과 : 정상발달 아동에 비해 자폐 스펙트럼, 지적장애, ADHD 아동의 인지평가 총점이 통계적으로 유의 미하게 다른 것으로 나타났다(χ²= 22.41, p < .001). 정상발달 아동에 비해 자폐 스펙트럼 아동은 시각 처리기술 및 억제기능의 항목에서 유의미한 기능 저하를 보였고, 지적장애 아동은 작업기억 용량, 시각적 작업기억과 반응억제 및 주의력 항목에서 유의미한 기능 저하를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, ADHD 아동의 경우 정상발달 아동에 비해 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이는 인지평가 항목이 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 개발된 태블릿 기반의 인지평가는 정상발달 아동과 발달장애 아동의 인지기능의 상태 를 변별함으로써 치료의 기초자료로써 활용 가치가 있다.

국내에서 공용중인 교량은 33,177개로 사회기반시설 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지한다. 이러한 교량은 공용하중, 온도, 습도 등에 의해 거더에 신축량이 발생하게 되고, 거더간 유간거리에 대한 안정성을 확보하기 위해 신축이음장치를 설치한다. 신 축이음장치에는 교량의 누수 및 퇴적물 낙하 등을 방지하기 위해 고무지수재를 설치하는 것이 일반적이다. 하지만 이러한 고무 지수재는 다양한 원인에 의해 쉽게 손상이 발생하게 된다. 손상된 고무지수재를 통해 거더의 부식, 교량하부 인명사고 등 다양 한 2차 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 피해를 예방하기 위해 교량의 유지관리를 수행하고 있지만 고무지수재 특성상 지속적인 교체는 불가피한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 신축이음장치에 활용되는 고무지수재의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 초탄 성 형상기억합금을 활용한 새로운 지수재 개발 연구를 수행하였다. 초탄성 형상기억합금 지수재에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행 및 분석하였으며, 복원 효과를 통해 지속 사용 가능한 지수재 연구를 검증하였다.

목적 : 온도감응성 나노구조체를 제조하고 이를 적용하여, 보관시에는 항생제가 용출되지 않고, 안구착용시에 만 온도감응성으로 항생제를 용출하는 스마트 콘택트렌즈를 제조하고자 한다. 방법 : 에멀젼중합하여 p(NIPAAm)-기반의 나노구조체를 합성하였고, 이를 샌드위치 공법을 통해 콘택트렌즈 에 도입하였다. Soaking 방법을 통해 항생제인 levofloxacin(LVF)를 콘택트렌즈에 탑재하여 온도에 따라 항생제 용출 특성을 분석하였다. 결과 : sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 마이셀 템플레이트를 활용한 에멀젼중합을 통해 20-40 nm 크기의 온도감응형 p(NIPAAm)-기반의 나노구조체를 합성하였고 이는 TEM과 입도분석기를 통해 확인하였다. 샌드위치 공법을 통해 콘택트렌즈에 나노구조체를 도입하였고, soaking 방법을 통해 항생제를 렌즈안의 나노구조체에 탑재 하였다. 25 oC와 35 oC에서 각각 항생제의 방출 특성을 분석하였다. 상온에서는 항생제를 3 ug 이내로 방출하였 지만, 35 oC에서는 2시간이내에 대부분의 항생제를 방출하였고 10 ug까지 방출하였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 온도감응형 나노구조체를 합성하고, 이를 콘택트렌즈에 적용 및 항생제를 탑재하여, 온 도감응형 스마트 항생제용출 콘택트렌즈를 제조하였다. 온도감응형 나노구조체는 콘택트렌즈안에서 항생제를 성 공적으로 탑재할 수 있었고, 상온에서 상당량의 항생체를 보관하고, 온도증가시 10 ug까지의 많은 양의 항생제를 방출하였다. 본 연구결과는 약물전달용 스마트 안과의료기기 및 콘택트렌즈의 개발 및 상용화에 큰 역할을 할 것 으로 기대된다.

This paper introduces a container loading problem and proposes a theoretical approach that efficiently solves it. The problem is to determine a proper weight of products loaded on a container that is delivered by third party logistics (3PL) providers. When the company pre-loads products into a container, typically one or two days in advance of its delivery date, various truck weights of 3PL providers and unpredictability of the randomness make it difficult for the company to meet the total weight regulation. Such a randomness is mainly due to physical difference of trucks, fuel level, and personalized equipment/belongings, etc. This paper provides a theoretical methodology that uses historical shipping data to deal with the randomness. The problem is formulated as a stochastic optimization where the truck randomness is reflected by a theoretical distribution. The data analytics solution of the problem is derived, which can be easily applied in practice. Experiments using practical data reveal that the suggested approach results in a significant cost reduction, compared to a simple average heuristic method. This study provides new aspects of the container loading problem and the efficient solving approach, which can be widely applied in diverse industries using 3PL providers.

Many manufacturers applying third party logistics (3PLs) have some challenges to increase their logistics efficiency. This study introduces an effort to estimate the weight of the delivery trucks provided by 3PL providers, which allows the manufacturer to package and load products in trailers in advance to reduce delivery time. The accuracy of the weigh estimation is more important due to the total weight regulation. This study uses not only the data from the company but also many general prediction variables such as weather, oil prices and population of destinations. In addition, operational statistics variables are developed to indicate the availabilities of the trucks in a specific weight category for each 3PL provider. The prediction model using XGBoost regressor and permutation feature importance method provides highly acceptable performance with MAPE of 2.785% and shows the effectiveness of the developed operational statistics variables.

Recently, many studies have been conducted to improve quality by applying machine learning models to semiconductor manufacturing process data. However, in the semiconductor manufacturing process, the ratio of good products is much higher than that of defective products, so the problem of data imbalance is serious in terms of machine learning. In addition, since the number of features of data used in machine learning is very large, it is very important to perform machine learning by extracting only important features from among them to increase accuracy and utilization. This study proposes an anomaly detection methodology that can learn excellently despite data imbalance and high-dimensional characteristics of semiconductor process data. The anomaly detection methodology applies the LIME algorithm after applying the SMOTE method and the RFECV method. The proposed methodology analyzes the classification result of the anomaly classification model, detects the cause of the anomaly, and derives a semiconductor process requiring action. The proposed methodology confirmed applicability and feasibility through application of cases.

경추 MRI는 연부 조직에 대한 대조도와 분해능이 우수하여 경추 부위의 퇴행성 질환 및 추간공의 협착, 척수염, 추간판 탈출증 등의 신경 질환 검사에 특히 이용되고 있다. 그러나 경추 MRI 검사는 신경 질환에 의한 배경 신호 강도가 증가되어 SNR이 감소하고 이를 보상하기 위해 여기 횟수가 증가되어 검사 시간이 길어지는 단점이 있다. 교통사고나 낙상을 원인으 로 경추 MRI 검사를 진행할 시 검사 시간이 길어 호흡과 질환의 통증에 의한 움직임 등을 최소화해야 최적의 영상을 획득 할 수 있어 환자의 적극적인 협조가 요구되며 적정한 검사 시간의 단축을 통해 인공물이 없는 진단 가능한 영상을 만들어 낼 수 있다. 최근 개발된 SwiftMR 인공지능 소프트웨어는 경추 MRI 검사 시간을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있다. T2 시상면, T2 축상면, T1 시상면, T1 축상면 SwiftMR 영상의 SNR은 목뼈 몸통 223.82 ± 30.82, 척수 273.03 ± 32.38, 가시돌 기 및 가로돌기 378.61 ± 27.64로 측정되었다. 고속스핀 에코 기법의 SNR은 목뼈 몸통 116.51 ± 11.46, 척수 182.1 ± 22.24, 가시돌기 및 가로돌기 227.79 ± 35.55로 측정되었다. 고속스핀에코 기법의 CNR은 182.12 ± 13.24, SwiftMR 기법 CNR은 346.8 ± 41.84로 측정되었다. 고속스핀에코와 SwiftMR 인공지능 소프트웨어가 적용된 영상을 통해 화질 선명도, 신호 강도의 균일성, 목뼈 몸통 주변의 인공물의 관찰자 간 병변에 대한 일치성 평가는 K값이 0.87로 평가되었다. 연구 결과를 통해 경추 MRI 검사에 SwiftMR 인공지능 기법을 적용함으로써 검사 시간을 단축할 수 있으며, 환자의 불편을 최소화하고 진단 가능한 질 좋은 영상 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the variability of LiDAR performance indicators, such as intensity and Number of Point Cloud(NPC), according to various environmental factors and material characteristics. METHODS : To consider the material characteristics of road safety facilities, various materials (Reference Material(RM), reflective sheet, matte sheet, granite, plastic, and rubber) were used in a darkroom, and the performance indicators of LiDAR were repeatedly measured in terms of changes in the measurement distance, rainfall, and angle of observation. RESULTS : In the case of standard reflective materials, the intensity measurement value decreased as the measurement distance and rainfall increased. The NPC showed a tendency to decrease as the measurement distance increased, regardless of rainfall intensity. For materials with high-intensity values, it was found that rainfall intensity and color had negligible effect on the change in intensity compared with the measurement distance. However, for materials with low-intensity values, it was found that the measurement distance, rainfall intensity, and color all had a significant effect on the change in intensity. CONCLUSIONS : For materials with high-intensity values, it was found that rainfall and color had negligible effect on change in intensity compared with the measurement distance. However, for materials with low-intensity values, the measurement distance, rainfall, and color all had a significant effect on the change in intensity value.

PURPOSES : In this study, to improve the quality and construction performance of backfill materials for road excavation and restoration, the basic properties of rapid-hardening materials and stone sludge are analyzed to propose an optimal mix design. METHODS : To utilize rapid-hardening materials and stone sludge as controlled low-strength materials for pipeline construction in downtown areas, specimens were prepared for each compounding condition of fast-hardening materials. Flow, slump, and compressive strength tests were performed at various setting times. Subsequently, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rapid-hardening backfill material for each mixing factor were analyzed. RESULTS : When ultrafast hardening cement and stone sludge are used, a setting time exceeding 30 min is required for a water–binder (W/B) ratio of 200% or higher. Considering the economic feasibility of ultrafast hardening cement, a W/B of 300% is considered the most suitable when high-performance superplasticizer and retarders are mixed. A flow test was performed on the rapid-hardening backfill material and the results show that if the mixing time exceeds 10 min, then the fluidity decreases rapidly, which necessitates a higher amount of superplasticizer. When ultrafast hardening cement is used, the initial strength (based on 4 h) is 0.7 MPa or higher for all formulations at a W/B ratio of 300%, and the compressive strength decreases slightly as the amount of superplasticizer is increased by 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the fluidity and strength of the backfill material, which is composed of a rapid-hardening material and stone sludge, the most optimal performance is achieved when ultrafast-hardening cement with a W/B ratio of 300% is used in addition to a highperformance fluidizing agent 0.3% (wt./B) and retarder 0.2% (wt./B).

PURPOSES : In this study, high-viscosity grout for increasing ground stiffness is developed using industrial byproducts. METHODS : Based on literature review, the viscosity and viscosity expression time of domestic and foreign anti-washout admixture underwater were evaluated. In addition, grout was prepared by mixing 5% to 40% of fly ash (FA) in a standard mixture. Flow, setting time, and compressive strength tests were conducted to evaluate the quality of the grout. RESULTS : Experimental results show that the viscosity required is 35,000 to 40,000 cps, whereas the viscosity expression time required exceeds 300 min. As the amount of FA used for grouting increases, the physical and mechanical performances deteriorate. The strength of a test specimen manufactured underwater is lower than that of a test specimen manufactured under air, and the decrease on day 28 is lower than that on day 3. The FA applied to the grout should be less than 20%. CONCLUSIONS : Although industrial byproducts, which exhibit high viscosity, offer excellent mechanical performance and are thus suitable as a solidifying agent for strengthening grout, their application in the field must be evaluated.

PURPOSES : In this study, a system is investigated and developed to remove fog by injecting air onto a road using high-pressure air generated by turbo blowers installed on both edges of the road without using artificial chemicals. METHODS : A test device was constructed on a scaled road measuring 5 m long. A 225 kW class turbo blower was used to supply air. An air injection nozzle was installed to allow high-pressure air supplied from the turbo blower to be sprayed vertically from the edge of the road and horizontally from the surface of the road. Ten micro humidifiers were used to generate fog. RESULTS : Experimental results show that when ground fog occurs on the road, spraying air only in the vertical direction cannot effectively remove the fog. However, when vertical and horizontal nozzles are used simultaneously, both ground fog and flowing fog are removed effectively. CONCLUSIONS : A system for removing fog by spraying air jet is constructed, and fog is generated using a micro humidifier. Results from the fog removal performance test show that the system effectively removes fog.

Existing reinforced concrete building structures constructed before 1988 have seismically-deficient reinforcing details, which can lead to the premature failure of the columns and beam-column joints. The premature failure was resulted from the inadequate bonding performance between the reinforcing bars and surrounding concrete on the main structural elements. This paper aims to quantify the bond-slip effect on the dynamic responses of reinforced concrete frame models using finite element analyses. The bond-slip behavior was modeled using an one-dimensional slide line model in LS-DYNA. The bond-slip models were varied with the bonding conditions and failure modes, and implemented to the well-validated finite element models. The dynamic responses of the frame models with the several bonding conditions were compared to the validated models reproducing the actual behavior. It verifies that the bond-slip effects significantly affected the dynamic responses of the reinforced concrete building structures.