본 연구에서는 인적자원 개발의 국내외 동향과 2001년 한국 제조업의 세 분류 업종별 노동 생산성 분석 및 산업 인력 수급현황을 기초로 중소기업 경쟁력 강화를 위한 전문 인력 활용 방안을 제시한다.

The competition relationship between orchardgrass(Docflis glomerutu L. cv; Potomac) and red clover (Trifnlium prurense L. cv; Kenland) was investigated under the pure and mixed swards. Each species were grown in intra- and interspecific competition in pot

자연군락에 인산비과를 시용하여 토양용액중의 인산농도를 높일 경우, 일년생 및 다년생식물의 초장, 건물량의 반응성을 조사하였다. 또한, Italian ryegrass를 자연군락중에 파종하여, 그 후의 정착과 성장에 미치는 인산비과의 영향을 조사함으로서 일년생식물과 다년생식물과의 경쟁관계에 미치는 토양중 인산 농도의 영향을 검토하였다. 다년생식물인 MIscanthus, SaSa 및 Artemisia군락에서는 초장, 건물량에 대한 인산 시비의 효과는 작었지만

The mobility of radionuclides in the subsurface environment is governed by a interaction of radioactivity characteristics and geochemical conditions with adsorption reactions playing a critical role. This study investigates the characteristics and mechanisms of radionuclides adsorption on site media in viewpoint of nuclear safety, particularly focusing on the potential effect of seawater infiltration in coastal site near nuclear power plant. Seawater intrusion alters the chemistry in groundwater, including parameters such as pH, redox potential, and ionic strength, thereby affecting the behavior of radionuclides. To assess the safety of site near nuclear power plant and the environmental implications of nuclide leakage, this research conducted various experiments to evaluate the behavior of radionuclides in the subsurface environment. High distribution coefficients (50-2,500 ml/g) were observed at 10 mg/L Co, with montmorillonite > hydrobiotite > illite > kaolinite. It decreased with competing cations (Ca2+) and was found to decrease significantly by 90% with a decrease in pH to 4. It is believed that the adsorption capacity of cationic radionuclides decreases significantly as the clay mineral surface becomes less negatively charged. For Cs, the distribution coefficient (180-560 ml/g) was higher for montmorillonite > hydrobiotite > illite > kaolinite. Compared to Co, it was found to be less influenced by pH and more influenced by competing cations. For Sr, the distribution coefficient (100-380 ml/g) was higher in the order of hydrobiotite > montmorillonite > illite > kaolinite. Compared to Cs, it was found to be less affected by pH and also less affected by the effect of competing cations compared to Cs. Seawater samples from Gampo and Uljin site near Nuclear Power Plant in Korea were analyzed to determine their chemical composition, which was subsequently used in adsorption experiments. Additionally, the seawater-infiltrated groundwater was synthesized in laboratory according to previous literature. The study focused on the adsorption and behavior of three key radionuclides such as cesium, strontium, and cobalt onto four low permeability media (clay minerals) such as kaolinite, illite, hydrobiotite, and montmorillonite known for their high adsorption capacity at a site of nuclear power plant. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, the adsorption coefficients followed the order of cobalt > cesium > strontium for each radionuclide. Notably, the distribution coefficient (Kd) values exhibited higher values in seawater-infiltrated groundwater environments compared to seawater with relatively high ionic strength. Cobalt exhibited a substantial adsorption coefficient, with a marked decrease in Kd values in seawater conditions due to elevated ionic strength. In contrast, cesium displayed less dependency on seawater compared to other radionuclides, suggesting distinct adsorption mechanisms, possibly involving fractured edge sites (FES) in clay. Strontium exhibited a significant reduction in adsorption in seawater compared to groundwater in all Kd sorption experiments. The adsorption data of cobalt, cesium, and strontium on clay minerals in contact with seawater and seawater-infiltrated solutions offer valuable insights for assessing radioactive contamination of groundwater beneath coastal site near nuclear power plant sites. This research provides a foundation for enhancing the safety assessment protocols of nuclear power plant sites, considering the potential effects of seawater infiltration on radionuclide behavior in the subsurface environment.

The RCEP rules are the basic guarantee for the settlement of international trade competition disputes. Only by establishing fair competition in relevant markets can the objectives of the Free trade Agreement be fully realized. Therefore, we should study the RCEP rules and summarize the shortcomings of the RCEP rules. In view of these deficiencies, a scientific and reasonable solution to the RCEP international competition dispute settlement rules will be found to solve the practical difficulties existing in the relevant rules of international competition dispute settlement, so as to promote the better realization of the objectives and purposes of international competition dispute settlement, and ultimately provide a fair market environment for further promoting the development of foreign trade of all countries.

목적: 본 연구는 엘리트 사격선수들이 시합 때 활용하는 정서지능과 몰입의 차이를 소속에 따라 검증하고, 정서 지능과 몰입의 하위요인이 시합점수에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 방법: 이를 위하여 201명의 엘리트 사격 선수를 표집하여 설문을 실시하였으며, COVID-19에 따른 방역지침을 준수하여, 온라인으로 설문을 진행하였다. 수집된 설문 응답 자료는 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석 및 다변량 분석과 다중회귀분석을 활용하 여 분석하였다. 결과: 소속에 따른 정서지능의 차이를 알아본 결과 정서활용에서 대학교 선수가 실업 및 국가대 표 선수에 비하여 정서활용 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소속에 따른 몰입의 차이를 알아본 결과 대학교 사격 선수가 높은 수준의 몰입을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 시합점수에 영향을 미치는 정서지능과 몰입의 요인을 알아본 결과 정서지능의 정서조절과 몰입의 변형된 시간감각이 시합점수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 이러한 연구결과는 사격선수들이 경기력을 높이기 위해서는 정서조절과 시간이 지나감을 잊을 정도의 몰입을 하는 것이 도움이 된다는 정보를 현장에 제공할 수 있다.

본 연구의 목적은 코로나19가 확산하기 이전 시합에 정상적으로 참여했을 때와 코로나19 확산으로 인해 장 기간 시합에 참여하지 못했을 때 학생선수와 실업선수의 선수 정체성 변화양상을 알아보는 것이다. 방법: 연구대 상은 코로나19 확산 전 대부분의 대회에 참가한 경험이 있는 고등학교 여자탁구선수 65명과 실업탁구선수 35명 이었다. 설문지를 활용하여 선수 정체성을 측정하였으며, 수집된 자료에 대하여 빈도분석, 대응표본 t-test. 반복측 정 이원분산분석(two-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 결과: 코로나 19로 인한 장기간 시합 미참가는 학생 탁구선수 와 실업 탁구선수의 선수 정체성을 감소시켰는데, 학생선수에 비해 실업선수의 선수 정체성이 더 현저하게 위축 되었다. 또한, 경기력 수준(상비군 경험 유무)에 따라 학생선수와 실업선수의 선수 정체성의 변화가 다르게 나타 났다. 선수 정체성의 하위 요인인 긍정적 정서의 경우 상비군 경험이 있는 학생선수들이 상비군 경험이 없는 선 수들에 비해 더 급격하게 감소되었다. 결론: 장기간 시합 미참가는 학생과 실업 여자 탁구선수의 선수 정체성이 위축되는데 학생보다 실업 선수가 더 부정적으로 영향을 받았다. 선수 정체성의 침체를 막기 위해서는 무관중 경 기 등으로라도 시합 참가 기회가 꾸준하게 마련되어야 한다.

The purpose of this study is to assess the state of competition in Nepalese banking over the period from 2010 to 2019. This study employs panel data and a non-structural Panzar-Rosse model to measure the degree of competition in the Nepalese banking industry. The first reduced-form equation is applied to gauge competition, and the second model is used to test the long-run equilibrium in the banking market. The finding reveals that the Nepalese banking market is equilibrium in the long-run. It implies that the factor prices do not affect ROA in the long-run. The result of the H-statistic shows that the Nepalese banking system is operating under the state of perfect competition and is shifted from monopolistic competition to perfect competition. The reduced-form model reveals that the interest income is positive and significantly affected by factor prices. Similarly, the macroeconomic variable GDP growth is positively related to interest income. On the contrary, the bank’s specific factors risk and the number of bank branches are inversely associated with the regressand. The outcomes of the study may be advantageous to the policymakers, especially to Nepal Rastra Bank to implement monetary policy and M&A policy for the stability and growth of the financial system of Nepal.

Globalization has led to an increase in foreign banks’ penetration. It is argued that the presence of foreign banks may affect the banking sector of the host countries in several ways including their competition level. It is mentioned that the presence of the foreign banks could heightened the level of competition in the banking sector. Nonetheless, the impact of the foreign banks on competition could be influenced by the degree of information sharing in the banking industry. This study investigates the role of information sharing in moderating the impact of foreign bank penetration on host banking sector competition in selected developing countries. We employ panel data samples of 54 developing countries during the period from 1998 to 2016. The estimation is carried out using the two-step system of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regression technique. This technique is adopted due to its robustness to all forms of endogeneity. The findings of this study show that the presence of information sharing could affect the relationship between foreign banks’ penetration and competition. They suggest that improvement in information sharing by a host country may help foreign banks to improve monitoring and reduce the moral hazard and adverse selection problem.

A free-market economic system supported by the progress of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has given birth to a sharing economy with a disruptive business model. In many ways, this business model is more effective, efficient, and makes it easy for businesses and consumers. However, because disruptive innovation is not asymmetrical with the conventional business that sustains innovation, several regulatory issues arise because it is fundamentally very different and cannot be regulated by standard law. Disruptive innovation may create chaos if it is regulated by norms that are used to regulate conventional business. This research was conducted with a normative method, which examines various theories, principles, laws and regulations to get justification for how the law should govern. The findings of this study are: competition law must be designed pragmatically so that it can keep pace with changes in business models that are rapidly changing. For this reason, it is necessary to shift regulatory authority from the Government to business people to make self-regulation, as a rule, that was born from the agreement of the business actors themselves. Self-regulation is considered more effective in maintaining fair competition, so that the market will be more dynamic, and consumers will be more prosperous.

This study aims to investigate the effects of market commonality and resource similarity on price competition and the recursive consequences in the Korean lodging market. Price comparison among hotels in the same geographic market has been facilitated through the development of information technology, rendering little search cost of consumers. While the literature implies the heterogeneous price attack and response among hotels, a limited number of empirical researches focus on the asymmetric and recursive pattern in the competitive dynamics. This study empirically examines the price interactions in the Korean lodging market based on the theoretical framework of competitive price interactions and countervailing power. Demonstrating superiority to the spatial lag model and the ordinary least squares in the estimation, the results from spatial error model suggest that the hotels with longer operational history pose an asymmetric impact on the price of the newer hotels. The asymmetry is also found in chain hotels over the independent, further implying the possibility of predatory pricing. The findings of this study provide the evidence of a hierarchical structure in the price competition, with different countervailing power by the resources of the hotels. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, with suggestions for future study.