본 연구를 통해 미기록종 Homalotylus albifrons (Ishii, 1925) (벌목: 깡충좀벌과)를 한국에 최초로 보고한다. 이 종에 대한 진단과 사진과 한국 의 Homalotylus 속의 종 키를 수록한다.

본 연구에서 Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) lactucae를 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다. 이 종의 무시성충에 대한 형태학적 정보, 분포지역, 기주 식물, 한국에 분포하는 Acyrthosiphon 속 종들의 분류키를 제공한다.

본고는 미국 대외정책의 맥락에서 트럼프 2기 행정부의 AI 정책 방향 을 보다 체계적으로 조망해볼 필요가 있다는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 미 대통령이 정책 방향을 제시할 때 활용하는 대표적 수단은 연두교서와 대 통령 행정명령(Executive Order)이다. 특히 트럼프 1기 행정부 초반 3 년간 서명한 행정명령이 137건에 이를 정도로 트럼프 대통령은 행정명령 을 적극적으로 활용했다. 아울러 국가안보전략(NSS)과 같이, 대통령실 차원에서 발표되는 전략문서도 미 정부의 정책방향을 파악하는데 도움이 된다. 트럼프 1기 행정부 대통령 및 대통령실 차원에서의 AI 관련 내용 을 담은 문서로서는 우선 백악관 명의로 발표된 국가안보전략(2017.12.) 이 있다. 동 전략은 미국의 번영과 안보라는 측면에서 AI 이슈를 언급하 였다. 2019년 2월 발표된 연두교서에서 트럼프 대통령은 미래 첨단 산업 투자의 중요성을 역설하였다. 같은 달 트럼프 대통령은 AI 관련 행정명 령 제13859호를, 대통령실 과학기술정책실(OSTP)은 동 행정명령에 기초 해 “미국 AI 이니셔티브(American AI Initiative)”를 발표했다. 이후 2019년 6월 대통령실 산하 국가과학기술위원회는 “국가 AI R&D 전략계 획"을 발표했다. 이 일련의 문서들은 '미국 우선주의'에 기초하여, AI 분 야의 정책을 구체화해 나간다는 동일한 맥락 속에 있다. 상기 1기 트럼 프 행정부의 AI 정책 관련 문서를 검토한 본고의 논의는, 2기 트럼프 행 정부의 AI 정책을 조망하는데 함의를 제공한다.

Strains of epiphytic and toxic dinoflagellates were collected from the seawaters surrounding Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands in Korea, and their morphology, molecular phylogeny, and toxicity were analyzed. Each dinoflagellate strain was examined under a microscope for genus-level identification, while species-level confirmation was achieved for Amphidinium operculatum, Ostreopsis sp. (type 1), Protoceratium reticulatum, Coolia canariensis, and C. malayensis through molecular phylogenetic analysis. The genera Gambierdiscus, Heterocapsa, and Prorocentrum were identified based on morphological traits, with Gambierdiscus characterized by a round-flattened shape with distinct thecal plates, Heterocapsa exhibiting a fusiform to oval shape, and Prorocentrum showing an oblong-to-ovate shape. Toxicity assessments for five species involved exposing Artemia salina nauplii to concentration-dependent extracts of the dinoflagellates. At a concentration of 100 ppm, P. reticulatum, A. operculatum, C. canariensis, and Ostreopsis sp. resulted in significant mortality among the nauplii, with survival rates dropping to as low as 0% over a 24-hour period. These findings underscore the potential ecological and toxicological impacts of these species and highlight the necessity for further research to evaluate their behavior under varying environmental conditions. This study marks the first documentation of subtropical epiphytic dinoflagellates in the waters around Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands, encompassing twelve strains from eight epiphytic species. Additionally, we investigated the toxicity of five species, including a toxic planktonic dinoflagellate. The results suggest a potential northeastward shift in their distribution, likely originating from Jeju Island, and being transported by the Tsushima Warm Current through the East Sea. This shift has enabled the successful establishment of populations in these areas under favorable conditions influenced by changes in the oceanic climate.

The Pieris napi-complex in East Asia that comprises P. melete Ménétriés, 1857, P. dulcinea (Butler 1882), and P. nesis (Fruhstorfer 1909) has been taxonomically challenging to distinguish due to their similar appearances. In this study, P. nesis, typically found in central Japan, was discovered in the highlands on Jejudo Island, the southernmost part of the Korean Peninsula. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial COI gene to explore the relationship between P. dulcinea and P. nesis, and confirmed that P. nesis occurs in Korea. This paper provides the morphological characteristics of P. nesis compared to P. dulcinea, along with DNA data.

Rapid morphological changes in fish larvae during growth make adult classification criteria ineffective for identifying larval fishes. Therefore, species identification of fish larvae requires understanding morphological changes during growth stages within and between species. However, for many fish larvae, the lack of morphological trait information, along with physical damage or protein degradation that occurs during specimen collection and preservation in the wild, creates obstacles for morphology-based identification. A fish larva (10.0 mm SL) collected from the coastal waters of the western Korean Peninsula in August 2019 exhibited morphological characteristics and melanophore distribution patterns closely matching those of an unidentified species of the family Platycephalidae (sp.5). Its MT-CO1 amplicon sequences identified it as Cociella crocodilus, through genetic similarity with MT-CO1 reference sequences and phylogenetic analyses of related species. This study provides significant insights into the early life stages of Cociella crocodilus, marking the first identification of this species at the larval stage.

본 연구에서는 한국산 혹좀벌속(신칭)의 미기록종인 얼룩혹좀벌(신칭)을 국내에 처음으로 보고한다. 한국산 혹좀벌속(신칭)의 목록과 검색 표, 얼룩혹좀벌(신칭)의 기재 및 주요 형질 사진, S. biguttata와 S. flavicollis, S. variegata의 외형과 날개 사진을 제공한다.

꼬마꽃벌과의 2종, Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) kumejimense (Matsumura and Uchida, 1926) and Lasioglossum (Pyghalictus) politum pekingense Blüthgen, 1925이 한국에서 처음 확인되었다. 이 종의 암컷의 진단 특징과 분포, 형태적 형질 도해, 한국산 줄꼬마꽃벌속의 아속에 대한 분류키를 수록한다.

The genus Xylaria, a large and diverse group within Ascomycota, plays an important role in forest ecology as decomposers. Several new Xylaria species have been recently identified. In this study, the morphological and molecular characteristics of Xylaria species found in Korea were analyzed based on the latest classification systems. Notably, species with characteristics similar to Xylaria cubensis and X. rogersii, which were not previously reported in Korea, were identified. X. cubensis grows on rotten wood and is characterized by brownish clavate stromata with rounded apices and small, dark ascospores. X. rogersii, found in Magnolia spp., has long stromata with a dark-brown, fine-striped outermost layer and subhyaline to yellowish single-celled ascospores. Genetic analysis using a combined dataset of internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and RPB2 sequences revealed that these species form a distinct group separate from other known species. Further investigations included detailed macro- and micromorphological studies, as well as molecular analyses to establish their taxonomic positions more precisely.

A specimens of Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell, 1838) (92.7 mm in standard length) were collected from Jeju Island, Korea on July 19, 2023. The species is well distinguished from Hippichthys heptagonus by the number of trunk rings between the anus and dorsal fin (two in H. spicifer vs one) and the presence of black stripes on the abdomen (present in H. spicifer vs absent). It is also distinguished from Hippichthys penicillus by the direction of the lateral median trunk ridge (deflected in H. spicifer vs. straight). Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences (436 bp) showed a 99.1% match with H. spicifer. As this is the first record of such species in Korea, we suggest a Korean name “Jul-mu-nui-sil-go-gi”.