Thin plate amorphous steel fiber has more tensile strength and corrosion resistance than general steel fiber, and it has different fiber direction by casting direction. In this study, evaluating impact resistance and sectional crack characteristic of amorphous steel fiber-reinforced cement composites by casting direction.

In this study, an analytical study on the effect of the support structure deflection on the impact test result was carried out to set up the accurate impact test method. Various impact analyses of the CEDM(control element drive mechanisms) impact test were performed using LS-DYNA commercial FE program. Finally, the effect of the boundary condition of the support structure and impact loading duration were investigated.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate propriety of impact factor in railway design code about truss bridge with dynamic loading test. This study also analyzes and compares impact factor and railway design code. A impact factor of all members of the truss is lowered by revising railway design code in 2013. The result of this study indicates that a reasonable standard for impact factor is required, because current impact factor which is specified in railway design code could not properly reflect dynamic response of specific type and member.

Impact factor for used in the load carrying capacity evaluation of bridges is varied depending on vehicle speed and bridge frequencies. So, it is hard to define its peak value since in the field test the truck speeds applied cannot cover all possible vehicle speeds and the speed per each vehicle loading test cannot remain constant consistently. Furthermore, the target bridges should be closed during field test, which leads to an inconvenient traffic flow. In this paper, a displacement-based response spectrum of bridges is considered to define the peak impact factor without conducting the standard vehicle loading test, while using a bridge operational traffic condition.

How will the reunification of Korea impact the population and enable them to confront their history and recognize themselves as citizens of a new Unified Korea? As cultural identity is ubiquitous in intercultural communication and across social science disciplines, this study seeks to analyze the formation of different identities in both North Korea and South Korea during the almost 70 years of division. This analysis will focus on the distinct interpretations of three major topics by both Koreas: 1) Korean Mythology, specifically, the Myth of Dangun, 2) the Perceived Meaning of Independence, and 3) the Korean War-comparisons which have been ignored by most of the research to date related to the Korean Peninsula. Intercultural communication attempts to establish reciprocity through the exchange of information and values between parties hitherto unknown to each other. In this process, it is vital to examine which historical elements of the Koreas that can be employed to reduce nationalistic and ethnocentric views and stereotypes, to develop mutual positive perceptions, to promote reconciliation, and to facilitate conflict resolution and form common regional perspectives. This study will focus on ideology, individual identity and intercultural communication to analyze the current relationship between the history education and social identity formation of both Koreas. As such, it will examine how each social identity formation can provide narratives about the transformation of former enemy groups from enmity to being considered members of the same society. Korostelina describes North Korean history education as an example of the impact that history textbooks can have on the formation of an ideological mode of national identity. What have others said about the impact of Korean history textbooks on the above mentioned topics?

This study discusses several issues which are very important in worldwide mergers and acquisitions, such as cultural differences, culture clashes, operating results and financial quality. A case of SAIC Motor's acquisition of Ssangyong Motor is examined. For this study, 20 financial ratios are used to calculate the financial quality of SAIC in the post-acquisition integration. The result shows that cultural differences possibly have a negative effect on post-acquisition integration and cultural clashes are the root cause of the financial quality plummet. The suggestions are also provided that top managers should pay much more attention to the negative effects of cultural clashes and strengthen cultural integration.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of HR practices such as (Recruitment, empowerment, working condition and compensation) on Job satisfaction in the prospects of Hotel Industry of Pakistan. The sample size for this study was 100 employees who were selected through convenience sampling techniques. This study was restricted to 10 Hotels of Peshawar. Hypotheses of the study were tested through correlation and regression analysis to inspect the employee’s satisfaction. The findings investigates that there is significant relationship between HR practices and job satisfaction. Moreover Recruitment and selection, empowerment and working condition have positive effect on job satisfaction, while compensation has negative effect on job satisfaction, which indicates that most of employees are not satisfied from payment of employer. Empirical findings concluded that best HR practices have significant and positive effect on employees job satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested for HR manager to understand and implement the HR practices correctly to take good work from their employees.

In this study, we examined the impact of transplant timing of mother plants for seedling strawberry on growth and development of daughter plants and field stage. The leaf growth of treated mother plants and crown thickness were low when transplant was performed on April 10th. Based on the results collected until July 13th, the numbers of daughter plants with more than two leaves were 20.6 and 19.5 for March 10th and March 25th, and these values decreased by April 10th and April 25th showing values of 15.1 and 11.8, respectively. After seedling growth was complete, leaf area and fresh weight of the saplings were remarkably low beginning from the transplant on April 10th. Crown thickness of saplings was generally lower when transplant timing was late. After 45 days of transplant leaf length and width were noticeably lower than the transplant on April 10th and 25th. First cluster was 100% for both the March 10th and 25th transplant, followed April 10th and 25th with values of 66% and 43%. The results revealed that transplant on March 10th and 25th had a greater positive impact on the growth and development of the strawberry cultivar ‘Seolhyang’. A supplementary study will have to be conducted to determine the relationship between the harvest period of the first cluster and the yield of marketable strawberries depending on the transplanting time of mother plants.

To investigate the impact of the number of runners developed from daughter plants during seedling on sapling growth and development during phase of first cluster, we examined four treatment groups that had 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 runners. As of June 5th, the group with 9–10 runners showed the highest number of saplings with more than 2 leaves, followed by groups with 7–8, 5–6, and 3–4 runners. Although observation on June 25th and July 15th showed a similar tendency for sapling numbers, no significant difference was detected between groups with 7–8 and 9–10 runners. The length of runners in the treated groups was similar to that in groups with 3–4 and 5–6 runners, with lengths of 49.4 mm and 48.0 mm, respectively, but runner length was significantly shorter in the group with 7–8 runners. Both the thickness and the weight of runners were highest in the group with 3–4 runners. The growth and development of daughter plants and root weight were similar between the groups with 3–4 and 5– 6 runners, whereas both values were lower in groups with 7–8 and 9-10 runners. While stem crown thickness values were 8.7 mm and 8.5 mm in groups with 3–4 and 5–6 runners, respectively, groups with 7–8 and 9–10 runners had thinner stems of 7.1 mm and 6.2 mm, respectively. The fresh weight of saplings decreased as the number of runners increased. From the phase first cluster, leaf area and fresh weight were remarkably low in groups with 7–8 and 9–10 runners. Taken together, these results can be used to increase the production of high-quality saplings by providing a foundation for studies to investigate the impact of the number of runners developed from daughter plants on growth and development during the seedling period and the phase first cluster.

Humankind has been searching for medicinal materials from various plant sources in an attempt to treat disease. Mistletoe is one indubitable plant source for these materials due to its effectiveness in treating various diseases, but it has almost disappeared from the mountainous areas of Korea due to excessive harvesting. In this study, in order to select host tree species for Korean mistletoe [Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi] by seed inoculation and to clarify the effect of host specificity among various tree species were conducted for the purpose of gaining basic information for the artificial cultivation of Korean mistletoe. Almost all the seeds of Korean mistletoe germinated in vitro at the temperature of 15℃. Among host trees used in this study, Prunus mume showed the highest parasitic affinity with inoculated Korean mistletoe, compared with any other host plants. However, treatment of hormones could not increase the low survival rate of Korean mistletoe on the host trees.

아동, 청소년들의 온라인 게임 이용과 관련된 여러 사회 문제들에 대해 효과적으로 예방, 개 입하기 위해서는 핵심 이해 당사자인 부모의 온라인 게임 인식 및 이와 관련된 부모-자녀 관계 의 속성을 이해할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 아동, 청소년 자녀를 둔 부모를 대상으로 온라인 게임에 대한 인식을 조사하고, 부모가 지각한 부모의 양육태도와 자녀와의 의사소통 방 식이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 485명의 자료가 분석되었다. 부모의 온라인 게임 인식 유형은 온라인 게임 인식 질문지를 사용 하여 4유형으로 구분하였다. 각 유형별 특성을 비교한 결과, 성별 및 자녀의 온라인 게임 이용 에 대한 태도 및 반응에서 유형별 차이가 있었다. 또한 온라인 게임 인식 유형을 예측하는 변 인을 알아보고자 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 어머니 집단에서, 그리고 통제적인 양 육태도와 역기능적이지 않은 부모-자녀 간 의사소통 방식이 각 온라인 게임 인식 유형과 관련 이 있었다. 본 연구는 부모 환경 및 부모-자녀 관계의 맥락에서 아동, 청소년의 게임 이용 문제를 고찰하고, 부모의 게임 인식에 영향을 미치는 부모-자녀 관련 변인을 탐색하였다는 의의가 있다.

This study was carried out to systematically maintain and manage the trails by assessing the physical characteristics, the types of deterioration and impact rating class of trails located in Mt. Nam District of the Gyeongju National Park. The major trails followed 6 routes including Sambulsa-Geumobong(A), Yongjangsaji-Geumobong(B), Yongjanggol-Yiyoungjae- Gowibong(C), Cheonusa-Gowibong(D), Sangseojang-Forest road(E) and Tongiljeon-Forest road(F). The routes length of A was 2.2 km, 2.7 km of B, 3.4 km of C, 1.3 km of D, 2.0 km of E and 1.0 km of F. In the physical characteristics, A was the widest and F was the narrowest in the width and bared width of trail. In depth of erosion, B was the deepest and E was the shallowest. D was the steepest and E was the gentlest in the slope. In the results of analysing the types of deterioration, A were 13 types, 11 types of B, C and D, 10 types of E and 6 types of F. The times of appearance of deterioration types in A were 86 times, 75 times of B, 105 times of C, 48 times of D, 47 times of E and 13 times of F. In case of the impact rating class, trail erosion was Ⅱ degree, Ⅰ degree of trail expansion, root exposure, trail divergence and rock exposure.

공공시설물의 대형화 및 도심지로의 인구 밀집화에 따라 충돌 또는 폭발과 같은 하중조건 하에서의 구조물 방호성능의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 그러나 구조물의 방호설계 및 시공에 있어서 필수적이라 할 수 있는 구조 재료 또는 자재에 대한 방호성능 평가기준은 현재 정 립되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 구조용 자재의 내충격 성능평가 기준 개발 연구의 일환으로 가스건을 사용한 발사체 충격 파 괴시험을 콘크리트 시험체에서 수행함과 동시에, 다양한 접촉식 계측 센서의 적용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 또한, 충격 파괴시험을 통해 일반 콘크리트 및 강섬유가 보강된 초고성능콘크리트의 파괴모드 및 방호성능에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 실험 수행 결과, 접촉식 계측센서 중 LVDT 변위계의 적용 가능성을 확인하였으며, UHPC의 경우 혼입된 보강섬유의 효과로 인해 일반 콘크리트에 비해 우수한 방호성능을 보여주 었다.

In classical dynamics, the coefficient of restitution is one of variables to estimate the amount of impulse. In general, we have considered the coefficient of restitution as a constant value. However, coefficient of restitution (COR) is the function of contact material and colliding velocity. Furthermore, COR is also a function of contact area. Thus, without considering the variable characteristic of COR, the actual motion of an object just after impact is not the same as we expect. A general COR model is proposed in this work and its effectiveness is verified through a cart impact experiment and its result is applied to simulation of a ball impact problem. A three-degree-of-freedom manipulator is employed as a test-bed.

The effects of Houttuynia cordata powder on the growth performance of ducks were investigated. Ninety ducks were assigned into one of three dietary treatments as a completely randomized design for 6 weeks: feeds supplemented with 1% or 2% H. cordata and a control group. No significant difference was observed in feed conversion among the three groups (p > 0.05), but addition of H. cordata had a significantly positive effect (p < 0.05) on initial and final body weight, weight gain, and feed intake of the ducks. Furthermore, the effects of chemical treatment (comprising 50 g and 100 g aluminum chloride [AlCl3] per kilogram litter) on the ammonia (NH3) flux in duck litters were also investigated. Duck litter was treated with AlCl3 at a depth of 8 cm by top-dressing; this resulted in a significant difference on NH3 flux (p < 0.05) during the experimental period (but not at 2 weeks). NH3 flux at 6 weeks were reduced by 25.4% and 37.5% by treatment with 1% and 2% H. cordata, respectively, compared with the control groups. In conclusion, enriching the diets of the ducks with 2% H. cordata and adding 100 g AlCl3 to their litter has beneficial effects on increasing their growth performance and reducing NH3 flux in their environment.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze maritime piracy and its economic implications with particular attention to attacks registered in the Gulf of Aden, The paper also aims to investigate how the International community, along with Sovereign States, should allocate resources in order to make the seas a safer place and describe how closely inter-related maritime piracy, preventive and punitive measures put in place by Governments are. Elements of economics and ergonomics are taken into account in order to properly investigate the major legal issues relating to maritime security. The paper proposes a cost-benefit analysis in order to investigate in theory what is the rationale behind engaging in criminal behavior and recommend some solutions to the issue to be undertaken by the International community. It is concluded that in order to cost effectively fight piracy, a mix of more coordinated National and International laws, standardized and increased punishment levels among jurisdictions and extended patrol controls are needed.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze franchise coffee shop service quality factors based on pilot research. In the proposed analysis, store atmosphere is added as one of the service quality factors. We aim to examine how franchise coffee shop service quality and store atmosphere influence customer satisfaction and loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology – Data was collected from 482 Korean coffee shop franchises and analyzed using frequency analysis, reliability/validity assessments, correlation analysis, and regression analysis with the software program SPSS 19.0. Results – The results are as follows. First, taste is revealed to be the most influential factor among components that have an impact on service quality. Second, taste also turned out to have the most impact on service quality among components influencing customer loyalty. Last, customer satisfaction affected customer loyalty. Conclusions – This study’s findings show that taste was the most influential factor on service quality. The conclusion here is that most of the coffee shop customers are very familiar with coffee taste and this is influencing their loyalty.

저수지의 효과적인 수질관리를 위해서는 신뢰도 높은 수리 및 수질모형이 필요하며, 이러한 모형의 성능은 다양한 수문사 상에 대하여 적용함으로써 검증할 수 있다. CE-QUAL-W2 모형은 횡방향 평균 2차원 수리 및 수질 모형으로써 진양호와 같이 수체의 수심과 길이에 비해 폭이 좁은 저수지에 적합한 모형으로 앞선 연구자들에서 많이 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서 는 용수수요가 증가할 것으로 예상되는 남강댐 유역에 대하여 풍수년인 2011년과 평수년인 2009년의 수문사상에 대하여 검보정을 실시하였고, 보정년도인 2011년의 수문사상과 수질 조건을 이용하여 취수량 증가에 대한 영향을 모의하였다. 모의 결과 취수량을 변화시킴에 따라 T-N, T-P 및 Chlorophyll-α 농도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 갈수기에 각각 최대 62.53%, 39.07%, 232.19% 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, Chlorophyll-α 농도의 변화는 T-P의 변화특성과 비슷한 추세를 보였다.

When the concrete is subjected to impact of the projectile, compressive stress wave is transmitted to the rear side. When the compressive stress wave reached the rear side, is was reflected as a tensile wave. And, when the tensile stress in the concrete matrix exceeded the dynamic tensile strength, crack in the concrete was occurred.

To assess the protection performance and the applicability as protective materials of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites(HPFRCC), this study performed the impact tests with 40 mm gas-gun propelled projectile crash machine. From this study, it has observed that both high compressive strength of cement matrix and fiber reinforcement are beneficial for the improvement of impact resistance.