Successful cryopreservation of bovine oocytes is a very important technology for research and commercial applications. However, the survival and development rate of vitrified-thawed oocytes is lower than non-vitrified oocytes. Hydroxypropyl Cellulose supplementation (HPCs) has extremely high viscosity, which permits transitions to a glassy state at low temperatures. This characteristics of HPCs have been reported to help the survival of human oocytes. In this study, we investigated the survival rate, fertilization rate and ROS levels to confirm the effect of cryoprotectant solutions with HPC for oocyte vitrification in bovine. For vitrification, bovine MII oocytes were pretreated with EG10 (added 0, 10, 50 and 100 ㎍/㎖ HPC) for 5 min, exposed to EG30 (added 0, 10, 50 and 100 ㎍/㎖ HPC) for 30 sec, and then directly plunged into LN2. Thawing was taken by 4-step procedures [1 M sucrose and 10% FBS added D-PBS (SFD) -> 0.5 M SFD -> 0.25 M SFD -> 0.125 M SFD] for 1 min, respectively. After thawing, oocytes were washed with TL-HEPES, incubated in a droplet of previous cultured IVM medium for 1 h to recover. IVF drop (44 ㎕) contained 10 vitrified-thawed oocytes with sperm concentration of 1 × 106 cells ㎖, and then 2 ㎕ heparin and 2 ㎕ PHE were added. At 2 days after IVF, cleaved embryos were cultured in CR1aa + 3 mg/mL FAF-BSA for 48 h and cultured in CR1aa + 10% FBS for 4 days. In the results, in vitro survival rate of bovine vitrified-thawed MII oocyte was significantly higher in 50 (85.5%) and 100 ㎍/㎖ (80.2%) HPC groups than 0 (71.2%) and 10 ㎍/㎖ (71.3%) groups (p<0.05). The ROS level was lower in 50 ㎍/㎖ HPC group than in control group. After in vitro fertilization, cleavage rate and blastocyst development rate were not significantly different among treatment groups. Therefore, these results indicated that HPC treatment has a positive effect on the survival of vitrified-thawed bovine oocytes.

In the current study, a total of 102 common Todarodes pacificus squid caught in the East Sea were investigated for parasitological research. The results revealed that 33 (32.35%) out of 102 squid were infected by Nybelinia surmenicola, the mean intensity was 5.58 parasites per squid, and the maximum abundance was 11. Morphological analysis using a field emission scanning electron microscope showed the characteristic features of N. surmenicola. Molecular identification based on the 28S rRNA gene confirmed the isolated parasite as N. surmenicola, while phylogenetic analysis revealed that N. surmenicola isolated in this study was clustered with N. surmenicola isolated from Japan. This is the first report of phylogenetic characterization of N. surmenicola isolated from Korea.

It is uncommon to fumigate the live plants in quarantine. Ethyl formate (EF) fumigation was carried out in a 0.275 m3 chamber in laboratory for 12 h (over-night) to evaluate the mortality of 4 insect pests and to evaluate the phyto-toxic effect on their host plants. The tested doses were 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/L EF with or without nitrogen gas (N2). The phytotoxicity was evaluated 7 days post-fumigation based on the damage index (DI) scaling 0-4. Mortality >80% were recorded against thrips, whitefly and aphid in all the EF or EF + N2 treatments. Two-spotted spider mite was highly tolerant (<20% mortality at the highest dose tested) to EF. Except for perilla and sesame (DI = 4), EF was non-toxic to other vegetable crops at 1.5 mg/L EF. However, 1.5 mg/L EF+N2 increased DI by 3 for tomato, watermelon and green pumpkin. This new method fumigating live plants certainly demands lots of further experiments to ensure its practical application in farm level. (Supported by PJ0133562018, RDA)

Ethyl formate (EF) fumigation under green house condition is a new concept. Its concentrations inside and surrounding of the glass house (GH) and vinyl house (VH) were evaluated for 4 h (during daytime) and 12 h (during nighttime) after fumigation along with the evaluation of post-fumigation EF concentrations. The cumulative EF concentration × time (Ct) value of the 6 sampling positions in VH were 22.67 and 17.53 g·h/m3, respectively for day and night fumigation, which were 2.62 and 4.53 g·h/m3 respectively for day and night application in GH. The EF level (PPM) outside the VH and GH as well as after 20-min post fumigation were < 50 ppm revealing its safety level as its’ threshold limit value (TLV) is 100 ppm. The new technology using liquid EF fomulation could be a key option in smart-farm technologies in future. (Supported by PJ0133562018, RDA)

Destruxins (Dtxs) are insecticidal cyclic hexadepsipeptides produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Media composition for dtxs production was optimized with industrial grade media. Glycerol and casein peptone were selected as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, respectively. Dtxs production varied with C/N ratios. High yields of dtxs were observed at C/N ratios ranging 0.3 to 1.5, with concentrations mostly higher than 800 mg/L. Low yields were caused by high C/N ratio ranging from 3.0 to 8.0, resulting in less than 500 mg/L. The highest yield of Dtxs was obtained with 2% glycerol and 3% casein peptone, showing 192.2 mg/L of dtx A, 911.1 mg/L of dtx B, and 113.3 mg/L of dtx E, respectively. These results indicated that dtxs production is highly influenced by C/N ratio, especially the content of nitrogen source.

Gonggeom-ji is designated wetland protected area by the Ministry of Environment of Korea in 2011 because of it’s high biodiversity and historic value. It contains a reservoir, paddy and forest site which has diverse niches for insects. Three transect lines of 50m were designated. Data were collected in May, October, November in 2017 represented as seasons for spring, summer and autumn respectively. Quantitative methods were conducted along each transect line by sweeping and pitfall trap. Based on this study total of 1079 individuals of insect fauna were collected, representing 170 species in 60 families and 8 orders. The highest diversity, richness and evenness index were observed in the forest site in May(4.77, 8.6 and 0.91 respectively) and the highest dominance index was observed in the forest site in November(0.64). The highest similarity index was observed in the reservoir site in May and August(0.519).

국제교역의 발달로 외래병해충의 국내 침입 가능성이 높아지고 있으며, 기후 변화로 인해 토착화 가능성 또한 점차 증가하고 있다. 이에 대한 선제적인 연구를 위해 기존의 생물안전 연구 시설을 바탕으로 검역해충 실험동을 농림축산검역본부에 구축하였다. 본 시설은 검역해충에 대한 전문연구시설로써 내부해충의 외부유출을 방지하기 위해 실험실 입실시 풍속 25-35m/s 의 에어샤워 부스 통과시설과 각 연구실 출입문에 풍속 9-12m/s 의 샤워커튼이 설치되어 있으며, 자외선 해충유인등이 실험실 내외부 벽면에 장착되었다. 에어샤워 부스와 샤워커튼은 호박꽃과실파리. 벗초파리의 비행에 영향을 주어 실험실 외부로 유출하는 것을 방지할 수 있었다. 또한 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 실험실 표준운영 절차를 수립할 수 있었다.

Heamaphysalis longicornis is a major vector for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) virus and the density of the vector has been increasing because of the climate change. The incidence of fatalities due to SFTS is increasing every year. In this study, to evaluate the SFTS transmission by ticks, the density of ticks mediating SFTS was monitored. Tick was collected every month from four different sites (Grass land, Mountain path, Grave, Copse) in Andong with the traps containing dry ice as CO2 attractants. Among 2,572 ticks of 3 species; H. longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis were most abundantly collected from April to August. H. longicornis is the richest species (92.8%), whereas Ixodes nipponensis was the least species (0.8%). The 54.5% of the sample were nymph stage and female/male ratio was 64.3%. According to the pathogene analysis, SFTS virus was detected from H. longicornis adult and larvae stages collected in July and August. In July samples, SFTS virus was detected only from grassland site, but the virus was observed in the sample from all four sites in August. For effective prevention of SFTS, the tick density should be continuously monitored based on the onset time of SFTS with the consideration of habitate, habit & life history of ticks.

The mandible character of the Lucanidae is vary by considering of developmental difference in male individual specimen. Especially, species of Genus Cyclommatus Parry, 1862 presents strong mandibular allometry. In this research, The species group which related to Cyclommatus montanellus Möllenkamp, 1904 has been evaluated for the first time in this research with inner teeth composition and positioning to establish clear taxonomic key to each species.

상주는 귀농 도시이자 농업 중심 도시로써 농업기술원을 유치할 만큼 생태학적 연구가치가 있는 친환경 도시이다. 특히 경천섬은 낙동강 본류에 있는 상주보 인근에 위치하고 있어 낙동강 생태 환경 연구의 중요 지역 중 하나이다. 하지만, 아직 경천섬에 대한 생물다양성 연구가 부족한 상태이다. 섬과 산지의 생태환경이 다르기 때문에 생물의 다양성도 다를 것이라 간주하고, 경천섬 주변의 생태학적 가치를 재조명할 기초자료를 조사하고자 한다. 이에 경천섬과 인근에 위치한 청룡사 길목 산지에 서식하는 곤충 채집을 통해 생물다양성을 조사하여 비교분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 채집방법은 직접잡기, 쓸어잡기, 함정트랩, 흡충관을 이용하였으며, 함정트랩에 사용된 유인제는 소주1.8ℓ와 빙초산350㎖를 혼합하여 사용하였다. 2018년 4월~8월 중 3회 채집과정을 수행하여 목표개체수를 확보하였고, 채집된 곤충은 에탄올을 채운 conical tube에 넣어 냉동실에 보관하여 보존성을 높였다. 채집과정에서 잡은 곤충들을 건조시키고 유사종끼리 분류하고 동정하는 과정을 거쳐 다양도지수, 우점도지수, 종풍부도지수, 종균등도지수, 유사도지수를 계산할 것이다. 기존에 알려지지 않았던 경천섬 일대의 생물다양성을 세세하게 분석하는 과정을 통해 경천섬의 생태학적 가치를 드러내고, 경천섬 일대의 자연환경관리와 보존에 필요한 정보나 체계적인 관리체계를 구축할 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating dairy cattle with exogenous human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), five (5) days post artificial insemination (AI) on serum progesterone (P4) concentration and pregnancy rate. In this experiment, five days after AI, cows were assigned randomly to two groups namely: a) treated group (67) which were administrered with 1500 IU hCG (Chorulon) and b) control group (61), which received no treatment. On day 5, 10, 15 and 20 after the artificial insemination, blood samples from a total of 8 cows (4 from each group) were collected and were analyzed for serum P4 concentration. Cows were detected for estrus according to standing heat by visual observation. Cows that were detected still in estrus after days 18-24 were re-inseminated and recorded as not pregnant (open). Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted by ultrasonographic examination and transrectal palpation of the uterus on approximately 60 days in cows that observed to be not in estrus. The conception rate in hCG treated and control groups were 52.5 and 36.1%, respectively. The results proved that there were no significant differences in conception rate between two groups (p=0.0568). However, pregnancy rates were reduced by hCG treatment. Average serum P4 concentrations did not differ between Hcg-treated and control groups on day 5 (0.377 versus 0.375 ng/ml). On day 20 serum P4 concentrations were greater in the treated group compared with the control group (3.085 versus 2.010 ng/ml). The treatment with hCG seemed to increase P4 level compared with the control. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that 1500 IU of hCG administered on 5 day post AI increased conception rate in dairy cows. This was supported by the results on serum P4 concentration which was greater in hCG treated group.

아케이드 슈팅게임은 과거 1970년대 후반부터 1990년 후반까지 대중적으로 큰 인기를 끌며 게임시장을 주도했다. 하지만 2000년대 이후 많은 PC와 콘솔의 보급으로 아케이드 게임이 급속도로 쇠퇴하기 시작했다. 하지만 최근 국내에서 하락세를 보였던 아케이드 게임이 크게 상승세를 보였고 앞으로도 점점 상승할 가능성이 높아 보인다. 따라서 본 논문은 아케이드 게임의 특징인 빠른 손동작을 최신 기술과 접목시켜 새로운 입력 방식을 개발함으로 더 높은 효용성을 끌어내어 검증 한다. 기존에 슈팅게임에서의 제스처 인터페이스 사용은 이미 그 효용성이 검증되었다. 다만 좀 더 복잡한 완성형 게임에서의 적용하기엔 미흡한 부분들이 있다. 이에 슈팅게임들의 요소를 좀 더 세분화하여 분석 후 각 요소들을 제스처에 매핑하였다. 기존 게임에선 조이스틱을 손으로 흔들며 진행하는게 일반적인 방식으로 본 게임에선 사용자가 직접 손을 상하좌우로 움직여 조작한다. 또한 진행에 필요한 스킬과 이벤트들을 각각의 매핑 된 제스처 로 인터랙션 한다. 개발된 인터페이스는 슈팅게임 'Cure'에 적용하여 G-Start, HCI creative Award 등에서 전시되었다.

본 논문은 3차원 축대칭 몰수체에 대해 소스 코드가 공개된 OpenFOAM 4.0을 이용하여 첫 번째 격자의 높이와 레이놀즈 수에 따른 마찰저항 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 마찰저항 계산을 위해 경계조건, 수치조건을 정립하였다. 축대칭 물체의 3차원 효과로 인해 거칠 기가 매우 작은 12 μΜ에서도 부드러운 표면과 비교해 마찰저항이 다르게 계산되었다. 레이놀즈 수가 커질수록 경계층의 두께 증가가 감소되었으며 이로 인해 마찰저항의 증가량이 감소되었다. 첫 번째 격자의 크기인 y+에 대한 영향에 대해서도 검토하였다. 첫 번째 격자가 log layer에 위치하고 있지 않으면 마찰저항과 표면의 전단력이 과도하게 예측되는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 경계층이 두껍게 예측되어 난류 에너지가 과도하게 예측되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 표면의 거칠기가 커질수록 경계층이 두꺼워지고 표면의 난류에너지가 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 마찰저항을 정확하게 예측하기 위해서는 y+ 값, 거칠기 및 벽함수가 적절한 영역에 위치해야 함을 알 수 있었다.