In this study, four different samples of Se60Ge40-xBix chalcogenides glasses were synthesized by heating the melt for 18 h in vacuum Pyrex ampoules (under a 10-4 Torre vacuum), each with a different concentration (x = 0, 10, 15, and 20) of high purity starting materials. The results of direct current (DC) electrical conductivity measurements against a 1,000/T plot for all chalcogenide samples revealed two linear areas at medium and high temperatures, each with a different slope and with different activation energies (E1 and E2). In other words, these samples contain two electrical conduction mechanisms: a localized conduction at middle temperatures and extended conduction at high temperatures. The results showed the local and extended state parameters changed due to the effective partial substitution of germanium by bismuth. The density of extended states N(Eext) and localized states N(Eloc) as a function of bismuth concentration was used to gauge this effect. While the density of the localized states decreased from 1.6 × 1014 to 4.2 × 1012 (ev-1 cm-3) as the bismuth concentration increased from 0 to 15, the density of the extended states generally increased from 3.552 × 1021 to 5.86 × 1021 (ev-1 cm-3), indicating a reduction in the mullet’s randomness. This makes these alloys more widely useful in electronic applications due to the decrease in the cost of manufacturing.

Electric-propulsion systems for ships, also known as electric propulsion devices, represent the current direction of development for maritime power. Issues concerning the environment and fuel economy have compelled the maritime transport sector to seek solutions that reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency. In this process, power electronics technology plays a significant role in the propulsion systems of ships. Selecting an efficient battery system is of great importance for enhancing the cruising range of yachts and minimizing environmental impact. The battery model is crucial for revealing the working principles of batteries, and it is extremely critical for the application and development of battery technology. The Battery Management System (BMS) serves a crucial regulatory function, optimizing both the safety and performance of battery cells. Central to its operation is the precise estimation of the battery's State of Charge (SOC), a process dependent on an exacting battery model. This system not only enhances longevity and reliability but also ensures that energy storage solutions meet high standards of efficacy. This study focused on testing the impedance characteristics of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSB) at various SOC points and establishing first- and second-order RC equivalent circuit models. The model parameters were identified through experimental data. Subsequently, a simulation platform was constructed using MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the behavior of LSB under a constant current discharge condition. The simulation results showed that the second-order RC model had significantly lower errors than the first-order model, demonstrating higher accuracy. These achievements can provide technical support for the research of energy storage systems in the green aviation and maritime industries.

중국 국가 통계국에서 발표한 데이터에 따르면, 2022년 60세 이상 인구는 전체의 19.6%이며, 2035년에는 4억을 초과하여 고령화 사회의 단계에 접어들 것이라고 한다. 질병의 발병률이 매우 높은 고령층은 의약품의 복용 과정에서 주의해야 할 점이 많은 반면, 이에 대한 이해가 부족하여 의약품의 복용에 따른 잠재적인 위험에 항상 노출되어 있다. 이에 따라 의약품 포장에 대한 고령층의 요구를 수용하고, 의약품 복용의 정확성과 편의성을 향상시키는 문제는 당면의 과제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 디지털 휴먼 기술을 도입하여 의약품 포장의 혁신적인 디자인을 강구하고, 이를 통해 고령층의 의약품 관련 문제에 대한 해결을 목표로 한다. 의약품 포장 디자인에 디지털 휴먼 기술을 적용하는 것은 최근 디지털 발전의 추세에 부합하며, 고령층을 대상으로 하는 의약품 포장 디자인에 새로운 사로를 제공할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 문헌 분석법 및 사례 분석법 등을 통해 고령층을 대상으로 하는 의약품 포장 디자인의 발전 현황을 파악하여, 기존 제한적인 정보만을 제공하던 단일 시각 형태의 전통적인 의약품 포장 디자인의 한계를 극복하고, 새로운 디자인 방안을 제시하여 고령층이 더 다양한 방식으로 의약품 포장을 통해 필요한 정보를 인식할 수 있도록 만들고자 하였다. 기존 의약품 포장 디자인에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 본 연구는 디지털 휴먼 기술과 의약품 포장의 결합에 대한 타당성을 도출했고, 실례를 통해 디지털 휴먼 기술이 의약품 포장에 있어 상당한 응용 가치와 잠재력을 가지고 있다는 사실을 검증하였다.

Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring active substance found in vegetables that is known for its potential in preventing and treating cancer. This compound has demonstrated promising effects in inhibiting the growth of various types of cancer, including esophageal, lung, colon, breast, and liver cancer. However, its instability towards pH and heat limits its application in the medical and food industries. To address this challenge, novel drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the stability and efficacy of sulforaphane, making it a more suitable candidate for clinical use in cancer research. In this study, nanocomposite materials were prepared using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and chitosan (CS) as base materials, with polydopamine (PDA) acting as a bridge material. The synthesized composite materials were used as drug carriers for the release of sulforaphane. The results of the study showed that the drug loading increased with an increase in the concentration of sulforaphane, indicating that the nanocomposite materials were effective in delivering and releasing the drug. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the drug loading and the thickness of the PDA layer. These findings suggest that the use of MWCNTs, CS, and PDA in the development of drug delivery systems can enhance the stability and efficacy of sulforaphane, potentially leading to improved cancer treatment outcomes.

The challenge of incorporating photothermal conversion function into chitosan (CS) hybrid fibers lies in balancing functionality and mechanical properties. In this study, we successfully prepared a chitosan/graphene oxide/gelatin (CS/GA/GO) hybrid fiber using the wet spinning process, achieving improved mechanical properties and efficient photothermal conversion capabilities. When compared with pure CS fiber with a breaking strength of 1.07 cN/dtex, the breaking strength of the CS/ GA composite fiber increased by 46.73%, while the CS/GA/GO hybrid fiber showed an even greater increase of 85.98%. In addition, the introduction of gelatin (GA) led to secondary scattering of near-infrared light, enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency. As a result, the CS/GA/GO hybrid fiber exhibited a faster temperature rise rate and higher maximum temperatures (94.3 °C, 103.0 °C, and 111.3 °C) as compared to the CS/GO hybrid fiber. The successful incorporation of GA not only improved the mechanical properties but also enhanced the photothermal performance of the hybrid fiber.

We report a simple benchtop method to synthesize diamonds from ethyl alcohol ( C2H6O) at ambient pressure and room temperature via solvothermal reactions in a liquid solution of table salt (NaCl) and their structural characterization using electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. In addition to the usual cubic phase of diamond, the hexagonal phase of diamond (lonsdaleite) has also been obtained and identified unambiguously. Many of the synthesized diamonds often contain structural defects including twinnings, stacking faults, and dislocations. The formation and growth of diamond under ambient conditions provide further insights into understanding of the natural existence of diamond on Earth as well as in outer space. While only nanometric diamonds have been observed in the present study, we believe this discovery will open up new ways that have long been sought to grow diamonds, including large size diamonds, in organic solutions at ambient conditions.

Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel type of fluorescent nanoparticles with a particle size smaller than 10 nm. They possess several advantageous properties, including excellent biocompatibility, light stability, water solubility, and low toxicity. CDs have been widely researched in recent years. As a treasure of ancient Chinese science, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is rich in various active ingredients and has a variety of pharmacodynamic effects, which have been used for thousands of years. TCM-CDs prepared with TCM as carbon source can create some special functions and then may play a greater medicinal value. The purpose of this review was to engage in an in-depth conversation about the use of TCM-CDs in medical therapy and bioimaging. Firstly, this study provides a comprehensive exploration of different synthesis methods for TCM-CDs, comparing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, the intrinsic pharmacological activity of TCMCDs, encompassing antibacterial, hypoglycemic, hemostatic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects, is mainly discussed, alongside their underlying mechanisms of action. Additionally, investigations into in vitro imaging of diverse cell types and the distribution and uptake of TCM-CDs under in vivo imaging guidance are presented. Finally, the significance of TCM-CD research, key challenges and issues within this field, and future directions for development are summarized and outlined.

본 연구는 중국 무용 전공 대학생의 유년시절 신체활동 태도가 무용 전공 선택동기와 무용 지속의도에 미치는 영향을 면밀히 살펴보고자 하 였다. 이를 위해 중국 산시성(陕西省) 시안(西安) 지역의 무용 전공 대학 생 500명을 통해 설문지를 수집하였다. 수집된 설문지는 SPSS 25.0 이 용하여 경향 분석, T-test 분석, Scheffe 분석, Pearsn의 상관관계분석, 단계적 중다회귀분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구결과 무용전공 대학생의 유 년시절 신체활동태도는 무용전공 선택동기 및 무용지속의도에 유의미한 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 아동의 신체발달을 지원하는 프로그램을 개발하는데 필요한 기초정보를 제공하고자 하며 무용 전공 대학생의 무용 지속의도를 높일 수 있는 교육과정을 개발하는 데에도 도 움을 주고자 한다.

In this study, the refinement of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) derived from chemical vapor decomposition is investigated. An ultrasonic pretreatment method is employed to disentangle carbon and metal impurities intertwined with MWCNTs. The pretreated MWCNTs exhibit a marginal decrease in C–O/C = O content from 8.9 to 8.8%, accompanied by a 2.5% increase in sp3 carbon content, indicating a mildly destructive pretreatment approach. Subsequently, selective oxidation by CO2 and hydrochloric acid etching are utilized to selectively remove carbon impurities and residual metal, respectively. The resulting yield of intact MWCNTs is approximately 85.65 wt.%, signifying a 19.91% enhancement in the one-way yield of pristine MWCNTs. Notably, the residual metal content experiences a substantial reduction from 9.95 ± 2.42 wt.% to 1.34 ± 0.06 wt.%, representing a 15.68% increase in the removal rate. These compelling findings highlight the potential of employing a mild purification process for MWCNTs production, demonstrating promising application prospects.

In this work, the trend in the performance of carbon fiber (CF) and its composite during self-polymerization of polydopamine (PDA) at carbon fiber surface was investigated by varying the self-polymerization time of dopamine in an aqueous solution. Research has shown that the PDA coating elevated the surface roughness and polarity of the inert fiber. The tensile strength of single carbon fiber was significantly improved, especially after 9 h of polydopamine self-polymerization, increasing by 18.64% compared with that of desized carbon fiber. Moreover, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF-PDA9-based composites was 35.06% higher than that of desized CF-based composites. This research will provide a deep insight into the thickness and activated ingredients of dopamine oxidation and self-polymerization on interfacial compatibility of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites.

In this study, a low-cost and easily recyclable porous green adsorbent (magnetic porous loofah biochar, MPLB) was synthesized by modifying the almost zero-cost loofah biochar material with Fe3O4. The successful synthesis of the material was demonstrated by XRD, FTIR, SEM, VSM, and BET. In addition, the material exhibits outstanding magnetic separation performance (40.01 umg/g) allowing for rapid recovery within just 90 s. The adsorption process of phenol on MPLB was found to be spontaneous and endothermic. The experimental data fit exceptionally well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99), indicating that the dominant adsorption mechanisms involved monolayer adsorption and chemisorption. These interactions were attributed to host–guest interaction, π–π conjugation, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated using the Langmuir model at 298 K is 39.4 mg/g. Importantly, even after undergoing seven cycles of recycling, MPLB retained 78% of its initial adsorption capacity. In simulated experiments employing MPLB for phenol removal in actual wastewater, an impressive removal rate of 96.4% was achieved. In conclusion, MPLB exhibits significant potential as an effective adsorbent for phenol removal in wastewater.

We selected literature from the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS) database as the research object and used visualization bibliometric software to analyse the 1313 collected studies. We found that the research on the graphene-based adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater has received widespread attention in various countries around the world, especially developing countries, since 2015, and Chinese researchers have made significant contributions. The adsorption mechanisms, adsorbent materials, and advanced adsorption techniques for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater by graphene have been the focus and hotspots in the research in this field in recent years. Heavy metal removal from wastewater with graphene has strong application potential. In the future, researchers in this area can focus on exploring issues such as “new materials,” “recyclability,” and “interdisciplinarity” to break through existing technological bottlenecks, supplement the technical research and development of graphene materials, and promote advances in this field.

Oxygen-rich porous carbon is of great interest for energy storage applications due to its improved local electronic structures compared with unmodified porous carbon. However, a tunable method for the preparation of oxygen-rich porous carbon with a special microstructure is still worth developing. Herein, a novel modification of porous carbon with different microstructures is facilely prepared via low-temperature solvothermal and KOH activation methods that employ the coal tar and eight substances, such as cellulose as carbon source and modifier, respectively. By testing the yield, surface group structure, lattice structures, morphology, thermal weight loss, and specific capacitance of carbonaceous mesophase, cellulose–hydrochloric acid is identified as the additive for the preparation of oxygen-rich coal tar-based porous carbon. The obtained porous carbon displays a specific surface area of up to 859.49 m2 g− 1 and an average pore diameter of 2.39 nm. More importantly, the material delivers a high capacity of 275.95 F g− 1 at 0.3 A g− 1 and maintains a high capacitance of 220 F g− 1 even at 10 A g− 1. When in a neutral electrolyte, it can still retain a reversible capacity of 236.72 F g− 1 at 0.3 A g− 1 and 136.79 F g− 1 at 10 A g− 1. This work may provide insight into the design of carbon anode materials with high specific capacity.

N-doping content and configurations have a significant effect on the electrochemical performance of carbon anodes. Herein, we proposed a simple method to synthesize highly N self-doped chitosan-derived carbon with controllable N-doping types by introducing 2ZnCO3 ·3Zn(OH)2 into the precursor. The as-synthesized NC-CS/2ZnCO3·3Zn(OH)2 electrode exhibited more than twice the reversible capacity (518 mAh g− 1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g− 1) compared to the NC-CS electrode, superior rate performance and outstanding cycling stability. The remarkable improvement should be mainly attributed to the increase of N-doping content (particularly the pyrrolic-N content), which provided more active sites and favored Li+ diffusion kinetics. This study develops a cost-effective and facile synthesis route to fabricate high-performance N self-doped carbon with tunable doping sites for rechargeable battery applications.

Slipchip offers advantages such as high-throughout, low cost, and simple operation, and therefore, it is one of the technologies with the greatest potential for high-throughput, single-cell, and single-molecule analyses. Slipchip devices have achieved remarkable advances over the past decades, with its simplified molecular diagnostics gaining particular attention, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and in various infectious diseases scenarios. Medical testing based on nucleic acid amplification in the Slipchip has become a promising alternative simple and rapid diagnostic tool in field situations. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of Slipchip device advances in molecular diagnostics, highlighting its use in digital recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Slipchip technology allows users to conduct reliable droplet transfers with high-throughput potential for single-cell and molecule analyses. This review explores the device’s versatility in miniaturized and rapid molecular diagnostics. A complete Slipchip device can be operated without special equipment or skilled handling, and provides high-throughput results in minimum settings. This review focuses on recent developments and Slipchip device challenges that need to be addressed for further advancements in microfluidics technology.

β-Resin was extracted by solvent separation of refined coal tar pitch. Several analytical methods revealed that β-resin had a better aromatic plane packing structure and a higher number of carbon residues, making it ideal for mesophase transformation. The mesophase transformation process of β-resin (the formation of liquid-crystalline spheres, the growth of mesophase spheres, and the coalescence and disintegration of mesophase spheres) was observed in situ using a polarizing microscope with a hot stage. Moreover, the mesophase transformation mechanism of β-resin was investigated at each transformation stage. The mesophase content and mesophase transformation kinetics were analyzed based on the area method and quinoline insoluble (QI) substitution method. Both methods revealed changes in the mesophase content of β-resin. However, the test results of the two methods were slightly different at the initial stage of mesophase transformation and tended to be consistent during the later stage.

This study successfully prepared high-porosity aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramics through vacuum suction filtration using aluminosilicate fiber as the primary raw material and glass powder as binder, with the appropriate incorporation of glass fiber. The effects of the composition of raw materials and sintering process on the structure and properties of the material were studied. The results show that when the content of glass powder reached 20 wt% and the samples were sintered at the temperature of 1,000 °C, strong bonds were formed between the binder phase and fibers, resulting in a compressive strength of 0.63 MPa. When the sintering temperatures were increased from 1,000 °C to 1,200, the open porosity of the samples decreased from 89.08 % to 82.38 %, while the linear shrinkage increased from 1.13 % to 10.17 %. Meanwhile, during the sintering process, a large amount of cristobalite and mullite were precipitated from the aluminosilicate fibers, which reduced the performance of the aluminosilicate fibers and hindered the comprehensive improvement in sample performance. Based on these conditions, after adding 30 wt% glass fiber and being sintered at 1,000 °C, the sample exhibited higher compressive strength (1.34 MPa), higher open porosity (89.13 %), and lower linear shrinkage (5.26 %). The aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramic samples exhibited excellent permeability performance due to their high porosity and interconnected three-dimensional pore structures. When the samples were filtered at a flow rate of 150 mL/min, the measured pressure drop and permeability were 0.56 KPa and 0.77 × 10-6 m2 respectively.

A glassy carbon electrode modified with a composite consisting of electrodeposited chitosan and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (e-CS/MWCNTs/GCE) was used as a working electrode for simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and melatonin (MT), which were related to circadian rhythms. The electrochemical characterizations of the working electrode were carried out via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronocoulometry. It was found that electrochemical modification method, that was cyclic voltammetry, may can cause continuous CS polymerization on MWCNTs surface to form a dense membrane with more active sites on the electrode, and the electrochemically active surface area of e-CS/MWCNTs/GCE obtained was about 7 times that of GCE. The electrochemical behaviour of DA, 5-HT and MT on working electrode were carried out via differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that e-CS/MWCNTs/GCE solved the problem that the bare electrode could not detect three substances simultaneously, and can catalyze oxidation potential difference as low as 0.17 V of two substances reaction at the same time, indicating very good electrocatalytic activity. By optimizing the detection conditions, the sensor showed a good linear response to DA, 5-HT and MT in the range of 20-1000 μmol/L, 9-1000 μmol/L and 20-1000 μmol/L, and the detection limits were 12 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L and 22 μmol/L (S/N = 3), respectively. In addition, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to the simultaneous detection of DA, 5-HT and MT in human saliva samples.

Seawater evaporation and purification powered by solar energy are considered as a promising approach to alleviate the global freshwater crisis, and the development of photothermal materials with high efficiency is imminent. In this study, cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/MXene/Ni chain (CMN) aerogels were successfully synthesized by electrostatic force and hydrogen bond interaction force. CMN10 achieved a favorable evaporation rate as high as 1.85 kg m− 2 h− 1 in pure water, and the corresponding evaporation efficiency could be up to 96.04%. Even if it is applied to seawater with multiple interference factors, its evaporation rate can still be 1.81 kg m− 2 h− 1. The superior seawater evaporation activity origins from the promoted separation of photoexcited charges and photothermal conversion by the synergy of Ni chain and MXene, as well as the water transport channel supported by the 3D structure frame of CNF. Most importantly, CMN aerogel can maintain water vapor evaporation rates above 1.73 kg m− 2 h− 1 under extreme conditions such as acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 12) conditions. In addition, various major ions, heavy metals and organic pollutants in seawater can be rejected by CMN10 during desalination, and the rejection rates can reach more than 99.69%, ensuring the purity of water resources after treatment. This work shows the great potential of CMN aerogel as a high-efficiency solar evaporator and low-cost photothermal conversion material. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/MXene/Ni chain (CMN) aerogels demonstrated high evaporation of water from sea water.