Genus Hellinsia Tutt, 1905 is the largest group of the tribe Oidaematophorini (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae, Platyptilinae). The genus is mostly distributed in the Neotropical region and Nearctic region, and partly in the Palaearctic and Afrotripical regions, with more than 190 described species from all over the world (Gielis, 2003). Among them, approximately 30 species of the genus Hellinsia Tutt have been reported in the Palaeartic region, including 9 species of Japan, 14 of Russia, and 15 of China. However, it has been poorly known from Korea to date, with only 4 known species: 2 species (H. lienigianus (Zeller) and H. distinctus (Herrich-Schffer) from South Korea (Park 1993, 1994) and 2 species (Hellinsia albidactylus (Yano) and H. lateolus (Yano)) from North Korea (Arenberger, 1991). This study is aimed to review all known species of the genus Helinsia Tutt in the Korean Peninsula, with three previously unrecorded species: Hellinsia ishiyamanus (Matsumura), H. Kuwayamai (Matsumura), and H. nigridactyla (Yano). Material examined in this study are preserved in the Insect collection, Korea National Arboretum, Korea. Consequently, 7 species, in total, are recorded from the Korean Peninsula.

The family Gracillariidae belonging to Gracillarioidea comprises more than 2,000 described species of 75 genera in the world (Davis & Robinson, 1999). The members of the family are mostly small-sized moths, which can be distinguished by a short (2-10mm in length) and lanceolated narrow wing with prominent cilia. The larvae of the family have been known as leaf-miner and hypermetamorphic development in larval stages. In Korea, it has been recorded 39 species of 11 genera by several researchers (Nakayama & Okamoto, 1940; Ko, 1969; Park, 1975; Park et al. 1977; Kumata & Park, 1978; Park, 1983; Kumata et al., 1983; Park & Han, 1986). Recently, Sohn (2007) reported 6 species without descriptions and detail information for the species. However, it is necessary to investigate and review the Korean Gracillarid moths, due to their lack knowledge from Korea to date, comparing with Japanese fauna, which contains 225 known species from Japan (http://www. jpmoth.org/). In this study, three species, Cloptilia heringi Kuroko, Phyllonryeter cavella (Zeller), and P. tritorrhecta (Meyrick), of the family Gracillariidae aree reported for the first time from Korea.

Two component polyurethane (PU) flame retardant coatings were prepared by blending trichloro modified polyesters (TCMPs) and isophorone diisocyanate isocyanurate. TCMPs were synthesized by polycondensation of trichlorobenzoic acid (TCBA), a flame retardant component, with adipic acid, 1,4 butanediol, and trimethylolpropane. The content of TCBA was varied in 10, 20, and 30 wt% for the reaction. Theses new flame retardant coatings showed various properties comparable to other non flame retardant coatings. Moreover, we carried out the combustion test and the flammability test for our flame retardant coatings. The results of vertical burning test for the coatings containing more than 20 wt% of TCBA were determined as no burn. The results of flammability test for the coatings with 20 wt% and 30 wt% of TCBA contents indicated the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of 26% and 29% respectively, which implied relatively good flame retardancy.

Carbon fibers are a new breed of high-strength materials which have been described as a fiber containing at least 90% carbon obtained by the controlled pyrolysis of appropriate fibers. Carbon fiber composites are ideally suited to applications where strength, stiffness, lower weight, and outstanding fatigue characteristics are critical requirements. They also can be used in the occasion where high temperature, chemical inertness and high damping are important. In recent decades, carbon fibers have found wide applications in commercial and civilian aircraft, recreational, industrial, and transportation markets. Therefore, understanding the basic structure, synthesis and physicochemical properties of carbon fibers is very important to apply them as a precursor of above applications. This review paper discuss the general information and manufacture technique of carbon fibers used for improving the performance of composite materials in various industries for the present.

In this work, we employed an electroless nickel plating on glass fibers in order to enhance the electric conductivity of fibers. And the effects of metal content and plating time on the conductivity of fibers were investigated. From the results, island-like metal clusters were found on the fiber surfaces in initial plating state, and perfect metallic layers were observed after 10 min of plating time. The thickness of metallic layers on fiber surfaces was proportion to plating time, and the electric conductivity showed similar trends. The nickel cluster sizes on fibers decreased with increasing plating time, indicating that surface energetics of the fibers could become more homogeneous and make well-packed metallic layers, resulting in the high conductivity of Ni/glass fibers.

Plasminogen activators (PAs) are serine protease that cleave plasminogen to form the active protease plasmin. PA/plasmin system playa role in mammalian fertilization and motility and acrosome reaction of sperm. The present study was undertaken to identify PAs in porcine gametes and investigate a possible role of plasminogen in in vitro fertilization in the pig. When boar spermatozoa were preincubated in a fertilization medium (mTBM) for 0, 2, 4 or 6 h, the activity of tPA-PAI (110~117 kDa), tPA (62~70 kDa), and uPA (34~38 kDa) was observed in the sperm incubation medium and sperm sample. PA activities in the sperm incubation medium significantly (p<0.05) increased according to increasing incubation times, while PA activities in sperm significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the same times. In addition, the rate of acrosome reaction in spermatozoa increased by increasing culture times. When oocytes were separated from porcine cumulus-oocytes complexes at 0, 22 or 44 h of maturation culture, no PA activities were observed in cumulus free-oocyte just after aspiration from follicles. However, the activity of tPA-PAI (108~113 kDa) and tPA (75~83 kDa) was observed at 22 h of in vitro culture and significantly (p<0.05) increased as the duration of the culture increased. On the other hand, when porcine oocytes were activated by sperm penetration or calcium ionophore, plasminogen significantly (p<0.05) increased ZP dissolution time (sec) in activated oocytes by sperm penetration. These results suggest that supplementation of plasminogen to fertilization medium may playa positive role in the improvement of in vitro fertilization ability in the pig.