This study is designed to help to understand the Korean EFL teachers` experiences of computer-mediated communication(CMC) focused on the topics of collaborative computer-mediated interaction. With respect to one of the major conditions for collaborative learning, we should recognize that it occurs when the communicators actively and willingly cooperate based on strong motivation. Moreover, we should understand how the both sides help each other to achieve collaborative communication in the target language. Therefore, this study explores what the participants` motivation for collaborative experiences is like, how native/nonnative speakers perceive these motivation, what the main factors interfering with nonnative speakers` collaborative learning are, and how the both sides endeavor to enhance more desirable environment for collaborative interaction.

Soybean seeds contain high amounts of isoflavones that display biological effects and isoflavone content of soybean seed can vary by year, environment, and genotype. Objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci that underlie isoflavone content in soybean seeds. The study involved 85 F2 populations derived from Korean soybean cultivar 'Kwangkyo' and wild type soybean 'IT182305' for QTL analysis associated with isoflavone content. Isoflavone content of seeds was determined by HPLC. The genetic map of 33 linkage groups with 207 markers was constructed. The linkage map spanned 2,607.5 cM across all 33 linkage groups. The average linkage distance between pair of markers among all linkage groups was 12.6 cM in Kosambi map units. Isoflavone content in F2 generations varied in a fashion that suggested a continuous, polygenic inheritance. Eleven markers (4 RAPD, 3 SSR, 4 AFLP) were significantly associated with isoflavone content. Only two markers, Satt419 and CTCGAG3 had F-tests that were significant at P<0.01 in F2 generation for isoflavone content. Interval mapping using the F2 data revealed only two putative QTLs for isoflavone content. The peak QTL region on linkage group 3, which was near OPAG03c, explained 14~% variation for isoflavone content. The peak QTL region on linkage group 5, which was located near OPN14 accounted for 35.3~% variation for isoflavone content. Using both Map-Maker-QTL (LOD~geq2.0) and single-factor analysis (P~leq0.05) , one marker, CTCGAG3 in linkage group 3 was associated with QTLs for isoflavone content. This information would then be used in identification of QTLs for isoflavone content with precision

Soybean is a major source of protein meal in the world. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein is responsible for the inferior nutritional quality of unheated or incompletely heated soybean meal. The objective of this research was to identify RAPD markers linked to KTI protein allele using bulked segregant analysis. Cultivar Jinpumkong2 (TiTi) was crossed with C242 (titi, absence of KTI protein) and F. seeds were planted. The F1 . plants were grown in the greenhouse to produce F2 seeds. Each F2 seed from F1 . plants was analysed electrophoretically to determine the presence of the KTI protein band. The present and absent bulks contained twenty individuals each, which were selected on the basis of the KTI protein electrophoresis, respectively. Total 94 F2 individuals were constructed and 1,000 Operon random primers were used to identify RAPD primers linked to the Ti locus. The presence of KTI protein is dominant to the lack of a KTI protein and Kunitz trypsin inhibit protein band is controlled by a single locus. Four RAPD primers (OPAC12, OPAR15, OPO12, and OPC08) were linked to the Ti locus. RAPD primer OPO12 was linked to Ti locus, controlling kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein at a distance of 16.0 cM. This results may assist in study of developing fine map including Ti locus in soybean.

The purpose of this paper is to seek an adequate interpretation of until-construction against the two existing analyses (one is "double-until analysis," the other is "durative analysis"). I attempt to provide an alternative analysis, in which there is only one kind of until. I will show that a unified treatment of until is available, once it is recognized that this item is a kind of ordering operator. Of course it is inevitable that there is a difference of interpretations of until-constructions, depending on whether the until is used with a positive verb or with a negative verb. Until is analyzed as a binary operator which orders its arguments, A and B, but at the same time I refer to the cases in which argument A or not-A may be cancelled. The primary idea in this analysis is that the presence of until refers to the endpoint of an eventuality and implies a reversal of the eventuality at that point. The hypothesis for an adequate analysis of until hinges on the following two-fold claim: the until with a positive verb (usually durative verbs) generally represents the `stopping of argument A` at the switching point, plus the possible implicature of the `duration of argument A,` whereas the until with a negative verb (usually punctual verbs) usually represents `the beginning of argument A` at the switching point, plus the possible implicature of the `duration of not-A.`

Genetic linkage maps serve the plant geneticist in a number of ways, from marker assisted selection in plant improvement to map-based cloning in molecular genetic research. Genetic map based upon DNA polymorphism is a powerful tool for the study of qualitative and quantitative traits in crops. The objective of this study was to develop genetic linkage map of soybean using the population derived from the cross of Korean soybean cultivar 'Kwangkyo, and wild accession 'IT182305'. Total 1,000 Operon random primers for RAPD marker, 49 combinations of primer for AFLP marker, and 100 Satt primers for SSR marker were used to screen parental polymorphism. Total 341 markers (242 RAPD, 83 AFLP, and 16 SSR markers) was segregated in 85 ~textrmF2 population. Forty two markers that shown significantly distorted segregation ratio (1:2:1 for codominant or 3:1 for domimant marker) were not used in mapping procedure. A linkage map was constructed by applying the computer program MAPMAKER/EXP 3.0 to the 299 marker data with LOD 4.0 and maximum distance 50 cM. 176 markers were found to be genetically linked and formed 25 linkage groups. Linkage map spanned 2,292.7 cM across all 25 linkage groups. The average linkage distance between pair of markers among all linkage groups was 13.0 cM. The number of markers per linkage group ranged from 2 to 55. The longest linkage group 3 spanned 967.4 cM with 55 makers. This map requires further saturation with more markers and agronomically important traits will be joined over it.

Myung-Ki Oh. 2001. A Pragmatic Interpretation of English Generic Sentences. Studies in Modern Grammar 25, 191-209. This article is about habitual sentences subsumed under generic sentences. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest some pragmatic principles of resolving the semantic ambiguity (kind-habitual reading vs. existential-habitual reading) involved in the interpretation of habitual sentences. I assume that generics or habituality includes a sentential operator which can be expressed as the semantic constraints about habitual sentences. I argue that an adequate interpretation of habitual sentences is not entirely determined by such semantic constraints. I go on to show how the kind-habitual vs. existential-habitual reading ambiguity with respect to habituality can be successfully accounted for within the pragmatic division into `given` and `new` information related to the interpretation of indefinite Nps.

Oh, Myung-Ki. 2000. A Pragmatic Analysis of Metalinguistic Negation Phenomena. Studies in Modern Grammar 19, 171-190. This paper is an attempt to show that metalinguistic negation connected with denying the appropriateness of a means of expression does not operate upon the semantic content of the sentence, but upon the manner in which the sentence is expressed. We will prove, through the examination of the well-known thirteen utterances, that this negation can indeed operate on any aspect of the utterances and on a conversational implicature as well. In order to understand the notion of metalinguistic negation, we`ll discuss the two distinctions that can be made regarding the use of negation, namely descriptive vs. metalinguistic negation and initiative vs. reactive negation, in the sense of Horn (1985, 1989) and Foolen (1991), respectively. On the basis of the two distinctions regarding the two uses of `not`, we will argue that the material falling within the scope of the metalinguistic negation is `mentioned` rather than `used`. And we`ll also argue that the metalinguistic negation under the relationship between the scalar operators such as `three`/`four` and `some`/`all` is acting on a conversational implicature associated with the pragmatic aspects.