The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ancient house-keeping enzymes that catalyze the ligation of tRNAs to their cognate amino acids in the first step of protein synthesis. During the evolution of higher eukaryotes, cytoplasmic ARSs have undergone significant changes including the addition of new domains that are not part of the enzymatic core. These additional regions have been found to be associated with a broad range of biological functions beyond protein synthesis. The non-translational functions of ARSs appear to be regulated by their presence within a cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which is assembled through the appended domains. We recently reported that the MSC member glutamylprolyl- tRNA synthetase (EPRS) promotes antiviral gene expression through its infection-specific phosphorylation and release from the MSC. Here, we conducted transcriptome analysis of influenza A virusinfected cells. We particularly focused on the analysis of chemokine-related gene expression, in combination with chemokine array analysis against virus infection. Moreover, the correlation between chemokine expression pattern and EPRS function in response to different stimuli was assessed. The results showed that viral infection increases interferon-response and pro-inflammatory chemokine expression. In contrast, the level of chemokine expression was suppressed in interferon-γ treated cells. Thus, these results further demonstrate the previously reported stimulus-specific EPRS functions in immune responses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and attitudes for leftover foods and the relationship between gender/number of family members on the effect of leftover foods-free day in elementary school students. The reasons for school lunch leftover foods were ‘too much amount (38.3%)’ and ‘disliked menu (33.6%)’, and the preferred ways for reduction of leftover food was ‘to cook deliciously (34%)’. In the case of students who received nutrition education for reduction of leftover lunch, approximately 33.8% of subjects received nutrition education by administered by nutrition teachers during lunch time. The reason for reducing the amount of leftover foods was ‘not to waste the foods (35.5%)’. After a leftover food-free day, approximately 62.3% of subjects responded that they ate their whole meal, except for soup. The subjects wanted ‘twice per week for leftover food-free day’ and had positive attitudes for that program. Proportion of practicing reduction of leftover foods in families was 55.9% of subjects, and 40.5% of subjects preferred dietary education by nutrition teachers in the classroom. For effective reduction of leftover lunch in school, nutrition teachers should attract interest on the environment and foods through after-school activities.

The aim of this study was to investigate the actual conditions underlying frequency of eating breakfast and nutritional attitudes in elementary school students in Chungnam area. Students had the highest ratio for eating breakfast everyday and spent 10-20 minutes eating breakfast. Students went to bed at 10-11 PM and woke up at 7-7:30 AM in the morning on average. The biggest reason for skipping breakfast was insufficient time in the morning. Additionally, favorite breakfast menu of subjects was a Korean style meal. The number of elementary students that recognized necessity of nutritional education was highest among subjects. Favorite educational method of subjects was education by teachers. Additionally, number of female students that recognized effect of breakfast on health status was significantly higher than boy students. Ratio of eating breakfast everyday was dependent on BMI value. Most subjects preferred video learning materials as the main nutritional education method. Overweight subjects showed the highest ratio for eating with loss of willpower compared to other students when they skipped the breakfast. Female subjects ate a greater variety of foods compared to male students, and showed better nutritional attitudes towards a desirable dietary life than male subjects. To prevent undesirable food habits and improve intake of various nutrients, systematic nutrition education is required to regulate breakfast of elementary students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intake experience of mother’s milk intake/baby food intake, present eating habits, and atopy symptoms in elementary school students in Chungnam province. More frequent intake of mother’s milk was associated with less atopy symptoms. Subjects who had good attitudes for baby food in the past had less unfavorite foods. In addition, subjects that ate fruits and vegetable-baby food had better eating attitudes for a balanced diet. Unbalanced diet was associated with worse behavior characteristics. Frequency of eating breakfast affected behavioral characteristics. As this study had regional and size limitations, it is necessary to further investigate the relationship between past intake experience of mother’s milk/attitude towards baby foods and present eating habits/physical growth. Based on these results, past intake experience of mother’s milk/attitude towards baby foods might affect present physical growth/development and eating habits of subjects.

본 연구에서는 초등학생들의 식습관 및 기호도를 조사하고, 저학년과 고학년의 식습관 및 기호도의 차이점을 분석하였다. 1. 일반사항 조사 대상자는 남학생 435명, 여학생 435명이었고, 학년별 인원은 1학년이 120명, 2학년 150명, 3학년 151명, 4학년 150 명, 5학년 149명, 6학년 150명이 응답하였다. 식구 수는 4~5 명이 가장 많았고, 주거 형태는 아파트가 가장 많았다. 2. 식습관 조사 식사의 규칙성은 항상 그렇다가 가장 많았고, 주로 아침을 결식하는 경우가 가장 높게 나타났다. 고학년과 저학년의 차 이를 분석한 결과, 저학년은 점심을, 고학년은 저녁을 결식하 는 것으로 나타났다. 음식을 남기는 버릇에서는 항상 남긴다 가 가장 높았고, 음식을 먹을 때 가장 중점을 두는 것은 차려 진 대로, 맛있는 음식, 영양가 있는 음식, 위생적인 음식 순이 었다. 저학년의 경우는 영양가 있는 음식이라는 응답이 가장 높게 나타났으나, 고학년은 그냥 차려진대로 먹는다가 가장 높게 나타났다. 식사 종류에서는 여학생이 남학생보다 밥을 더 많이 먹는다고 답하였다. <음식을 골고루 먹는가>에서는 가끔 그렇다가 가장 많았고, 학년이 낮을수록 음식을 골고루 먹지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 식사 중 TV 시청이나 독서 여부 에서는 가끔 그렇다가 가장 많았고, 맵고 짠 음식 선호에서도 가끔 그렇다가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 저학년보다 고학년이 맵고 짠 음식을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 자신의 비만 정도에서는 고학년이 저학년보다 자신이 비만하다는 응답을 많이 하였다. 하루 운동 정도에서는 30분이 가장 많았고, 고 학년이 운동을 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 식사 준비자에 따른 식습관 태도 변화에서는 어머니가 식사를 준비하는 경 우 아침 식사가 규칙적이었으며, 음식을 적게 남겼다. 3. 기호도 조사 밥․면․국류에서 쌀밥, 자장면, 라면 등을 선호하였고, 콩 밥, 팥밥, 호박죽 등을 기피하였다. 국류는 떡국, 갈비탕을 가 장 선호하였고, 순두부찌개를 저학년이 더 싫어하였으며, 된 장국의 기호도가 비교적 높게 나왔다. 찜․조림․구이․볶음 류에서는 튀김이나 찜 조리방법을 선호하였다. 구이․전에서 는 연근전, 밀전병쌈, 녹두전을 기피하였다. 볶음․튀김류에 서는 돈가스를 가장 선호하였고, 연근튀김, 단호박튀김을 선 호하지 않았으며, 나물류에서는 취나물, 오이, 도라지무침 등 을 선호하지 않았다. 김치류에서는 배추김치를 가장 선호하 였으며, 저학년과 고학년의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 본 연구는 대상 아동이 대전지역 초등학교 학생들로써 우 리나라 전체 초등학생에게 적용할 수 없다는 제한점이 있었 다. 그러나 저학년과 고학년, 남학생과 여학생의 다양한 식습 관과 기호도의 차이점을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 초등학생을 대 상으로 올바른 식생활지도와 올바른 식품의 선택을 위한 영 양교육을 하기 위해서는 이들의 특성을 고려하여 실시하는 것이 보다 효과적이라 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of food behavior on dietary food intake status and health condition based on research of food behavior and nutritional intake status of university students in the Chungnam area. The average age, height, and weight of the subject group were 22.1 years old, 174.2 ㎝, and 67.0 ㎏ for the male students and 20.9 years old, 161.8 ㎝, and 53.4 ㎏ for the female students, respectively. From the nutritional intake status data, the averaged daily energy intake of both groups, male and female, are lower than the dietary reference intake(KDRI), as 2, 169.2 kcal and 1, 846.2 kcal, males and females, respectively. The lipid intake ratio was higher than the dietary reference figure, and the carbohydrate intake ratio was determined to be in the proper range. Male students(54.6%) and female students(52.0%) of the entire subject group skipped a breakfast mainly due to insufficient time, and the time at which meals were consumed, was determined to be irregular generally. In a day, male and female students have a heavier dinner than lunch(p<0.05), respectively. Meat and fishes are preferred by the entire subject group, and the number of students, who do not eat carrot and mayonnaise(p<0.05), was determined to be the highest, of all foods surveyed. The averaged daily activity coefficient and the resting energy expenditure shows significant difference(p<0.001) between two groups; was 1.7 and 1.6 and the second was 1, 404.3 kcal/day and 1, 292.5 kcal/day for the male and female groups, respectively. As the number of attempting to reduce body weight(p<0.001), the amount smoking(p<0.001), or the frequency of drinking alcohol increases, BMI decreases. On the other hand, as body shape satisfaction increases, BMI increases also.

초산침지법을 이용하여 4℃ 냉장시의 돼지고기 햄의 APC, GNC, pH, 및 관능평가에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 3분동안 1.0∼3.0%(v/v)초산을 처리한 구는 12일 저장동안 GNC를 완전히 억제하였다. 3분동안 3.0%초산을 처리한 구는 12일 저장동안 APC를 완전히 억제하였다. 0∼3분동안 1.0∼3.0% 초산을 처리한 구는 12일까지 미생물학적 저장안정성을 확장하였다. 초산으로 처리한 돼지고기햄의 관능평가는 유기산 냄새 및 표백으로 인하여 신선한 돼지 고기 햄보다 낯은 등급의 기호성을 보였다.

Escherichia coli PQ 37 균주를 이용한 SOS Chromotest계에서 아플라톡신 B_1의 돌연변이원성에 대한 생약재의 항돌연변이원성을 검색하였다. 익모초의 열탕 추출물은 Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 균주를 이용한 Ames 시험계에서 S9 혼합액의 첨가와 비첨가시 돌연변이원성을 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 익모초의 추출물은 아플라톡신 B_1으로 유도된 돌연변이원성에 대하여 항돌연변원성을 나타냈으나 익모초의 물추출물의 메탄올 수용부분(IMC-MS)은 아플라톡신 B_1으로 유도된 돌연변이원성에 대하여 용량반응의 항돌연변이 효과를 나타냈고, 물 수용분획에서는 comutagenic 효과를 나타내었다. IMC-MS와 아플라톡신 B_1을 혼합하여 일차 배양한 경우 아플라톡신 B_1으로 유도된 돌연변이원성에 대하여 가장 강한 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 1차배양시 IMC-MS와 S9 혼합액을 첨가한 후 아플라톡신 B_1을 첨가하였을 때는 낮은 저해효과를 나타내었다. 일련의 배양 결과는 S9 효소의 불활성화에 의한 영향보다는 IMC-MS와 아플라톡신 B_1의 화학적 복합물을 형성하여 나타나는 저해 메카니즘일 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

꽁치 가공식품 개발 가능성을 타진하기 위해 경북 동해안 일대의 전통·향토식품인 과메기를 자연건조와 인공건조로 각각 15일 건조하여 콜레스테롤 함량변화에 따른 과메기의 품질변화 건조효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 생체 꽁치의 콜레스테롤 함량은 건물 시료당 56.0mg%이었으며, 자연건조 3일째에 급격히 감소(생체 대비 10%)하였고, 그 후 큰 변화가 거의 없었다. 인공건조는 서서히 감소(3.0%→6.6%)하였다.