This study investigated the recognition and utilization status of food labeling and nutrition labeling, according to the body type recognition of university students. In a total of 351 subjects, the male subjects comprised of 25.8% belonging to the underweight awareness group, 46.3% normal weight awareness group, and 27.9% overweight awareness students. Among the female students, 29.2% belonged to the underweight awareness group, 36.6% were normal body weight, and 34.2% were the overweight group. When purchasing processed foods, the price (4.05 points), expiration date (4.03 points), and gross weight (3.88 points) were the most considered factors of the food labeling content (5 points) for all body shape recognition groups. The food labeling of canned foods was checked most by the underweight awareness group (p<0.05). For bread and snacks, the contents of food labeling were confirmed most by the normal weight awareness group and the overweight awareness group (p<0.001). For beverages, the normal weight awareness group checked more food labels (p<0.01). The underweight awareness group (55.2%) hardly checked the nutritional labeling, and 22.9% of these subjects did not check at all. Our results may provide the necessity to improve the incorrect eating habits of students, by evaluating differences between the cognitive body type and the actual body type by BMI.

This study aimed to investigate the dietary guidelines from the dietitians and parents’ perceptions in kindergarten. The survey was carried out by 39 dietitians and 320 parents in kindergarten of Sejong city from April 18 to May 14, 2019. Approximately, 48.6% of dietitians responded that the amount of food provided was adjusted according to the age and weight of the infant. Both dietitians and parents responded the most to ‘to build the right eating habits’ as the reason for dietary guidance. As a guiding method for infants who sneaked unpleasant food, 62.9% of dietitians responded ‘teach them about the wrong behavior on the spot’, and 63.7% of parents stated ‘talk about wrong behavior later’. The necessity of linking the dietary guidance between kindergarten and the family was recognized by dietitians and parents. The most important content for the linkage of the dietary guidance was ‘correct eating manners and attitude’. The biggest problem in the dietitian's dietary guidance was the guidance on an unbalanced diet. Our results indicated differences in the dietary guidance contents of dietitians’ and parents’ perception of importance. Apparently, it is considered essential to link kindergarten with the family to provide correct and effective guidance for children.

The objective of this study was to investigate job understanding, performance, and job satisfaction of 150 school foodservice employees in Chungnam area from April 23, 2018 to May 18, 2018. The score of the relationship with colleagues was in the order of elementary school, middle school, and high school (p<0.05). Job understanding was ranked as follows: middle school, elementary school, and high school (p<0.05). Questionnaires on performance of food ingredients and working process management had 4.8 points for the cook and 4.6 points for the cooking staff (p<0.05). Based on the subjects’ position, the hygienic safety management performance was higher in cooks than in cooking staff (p<0.05). Job satisfaction showed higher points in elementary school and middle school subjects in all items as compared to subjects of high school (p<0.05). Cooks showed more job satisfaction compared to cooking staff (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation (r=.253, p<0.01) between job satisfaction and job performance. Job understanding showed a significant positive correlation with job performance. Job satisfaction had a positive correlation with performance for hygienic safety management (r=.275, p<0.01).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake status of energy drinks, knowledge of caffeine and the perception on intake of energy drinks by university students. We surveyed 351 university students from October 25, 2017 to January 25, 2018. The subjects (70.9%) consumed energy drinks more than once. Male students consumed energy drinks more frequently than the female ones. A huge portion (68.3%) of the subjects consumed energy drinks to recover from fatigue and reduce sleepiness. Moreover, they consumed most of the energy drinks at home and the university library. The main anticipated efficacy of energy drinks was the relieving drowsiness. Respondents (86.3%) perceived that energy drinks could be hazardous to the health of human beings. The main risks of consuming energy drinks were sleep disorders, addiction problems and heart beating. The main recognized effects of energy drinks were relieved drowsiness and decreased fatigue. The major side effects were heart beating, nausea, vomiting, heartburn and sleeping disorders. This study suggests that nutritional education is needed to confirm the recommendation of daily intake for caffeine and to raise awareness about the side effects of energy drinks.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey on coffee intake habits, preference of coffee and other beverages, and awareness of caffeine in coffee by college students in some areas of Jeonbuk province. According to the survey result, 83.9% of subjects drank coffee usually, and males (46.4%) and the females (54.2%) drank coffee at school stores and coffee shops, respectively. Companions to drink coffee with were mainly friends, and frequency of coffee intake was one to two cups daily for males and females. Males and females drank coffee at any time (60.0%) and after lunch (38.7%), respectively. Most males and females drank only coffee without snacks. Males preferred more soft drinks and sports drinks than females, but females preferred more milk and dairy products, tea, and coffee than males. Coffee was consumed most frequently, among several beverages. Reasons for drinking coffee was to prevent sleepiness (64.6%), and to enjoy its taste and aroma (38.0%) for males and females, respectively. Male (47.2%) and female (73.5%) subjects could detect caffeine, and most of them could detect caffeine in coffee. Additionally, all subjects agreed that less intake of caffeine was better for their health. Based on the survey of intake habits of coffee, the university students need nutrition education relative to labeling caffeine contents in coffee and intake of caffeine, and need to make an effort to overcome the potential damage of caffeine intake.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of purchase of processed foods and the awareness about food label among middle school students. This survey was conducted by involving 350 middle school students in Incheon city, Korea from June 17~19, 2015. Middle school students consumed confectioneries, bread, carbonated drinks, and juices and ice creams once or twice a week at the rate of 53.4, 53.0, 40.6, and 36.9%, respectively. The most frequent place, time, and reason to purchase the processed foods were ‘convenience store (36.2%)’, ‘after school (26.8%)’, and ‘hunger (77.9%)’. The subjects exhibited top priority (57.0%) on the taste at the time of purchasing the processed foods. Interestingly, the girl-students (44.7%) checked the labels of food more than the boy students (34.0%). The reasons for checking the food labels included acquiring significant information about the shelf life (27.0%), price (18.1%), nutrient (19.1%), and food additives (14.1%). Among the food labeling information, the name of the product (55.7%), the date of manufacture (49.3%) and the content (32.6%) were checked mainly by the subjects. In addition, the major reason for not confirming the food labeling was ‘the food label was too small or crude (31.9%)’. It is necessary to inform about the processing methods and ingredients of the processed to middle school students so that they can make the correct choice of processed foods. Development of proper education methods on nutrition for middle school students is necessitated for healthy living.

본 연구는 기능성 음료에 대한 인식 및 구매실태를 조사함으로써 기능성 음료의 구매와 섭취 시 기능성 음료에 대한 지침서 및 영양교육 자료의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 기능성 음료의 구입 실태, 구입 경험, 인식, 섭취빈도 및 태도 등을 조사하였다. 1. 조사대상자 중 남자는 183명(51.7%), 여자는 171명(48.3%)이었고, 연령은 20대가 146명(41.2%), 30대가 81명(22.9%), 40대가 69명(19.5%), 50대 이상이 58명(16.4%)이었다. 그중 기혼자는 182명(51.4%), 미혼자는 172명(48.6%)이었다. 2. 최근 한 달 동안 기능성 음료 구입 여부는 조사대상자의 82.8%(293명)가 기능성 음료를 구입하였다. 3. 기능성 음료를 구입하는 이유는 남자는 ‘피로회복’이 43.1%, ‘갈증해소’가 21.6%, ‘건강증진’이 19.6%, ‘영양보충’이 15%, ‘다이어트’가 7% 순으로 나타났으며, 여자는 ‘피로회복’이 28.6%, ‘건강증진’이 26.4%, ‘갈증해소’가 22.1%, ‘영양보충’이 12.9%, ‘다이어트’가 10% 순으로 조사되어 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.005). 새로운 기능성 음료의 대한 정보습득 경로는 미혼은 매장방문(47.9%)을 통해서 기혼은 주변사람(43.0%)을 통해 얻는다고 응답하여 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 기능성 음료의 구입 장소는 미혼은 편의점(46.5%)에서, 기혼은 대형마트(29.5%)에서 가장 많이 구입하는 것으로 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 기능성 음료 구입 시 영향을 주는 요인은 ‘제조일자(M=4.25)’, ‘원재료 함량(M=4.17)’, ‘영양표시(M=4.15)’, ‘원산지(M=4.13)’, ‘가격(M=4.13)’, ‘맛’(M=3.96), ‘상표’(M=3.62), ‘향’(M=3.55), ‘색(M=3.24)’ 순으로 나타났으며, 여자가 남자보다 모든 항목에 대해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 월평균 기능성 음료 구입 비용은 20대는 ‘1만 원 이하’가 50.9%, 30대는 ‘2~5만 원’이 42.6%, 40대는 ‘2~5만 원’이 42.4%, ‘50대 이상은 ‘11만 원 이상’이 40.4%로 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 4. 기능성 음료 섭취빈도를 분석한 결과, 에너지음료는 여자보다 남자가 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 홍삼 음료는 50대 이상의 연령층에서 주 1~2회 섭취가 44.2%로 높았으며(p<0.001), 미혼보다 기혼이 홍삼 음료를 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 여자보다 남자가 비타민 음료를 많이 섭취하였고(p<0.005), 건강원 음료는 50대 이상의 연령층에서 주 3~4회 섭취가 28.8%로 가장 높았으며, 기혼이 미혼보다 섭취빈도가 높았다(p<0.001). 기능성 음료를 섭취하는 시기는 ‘평상시’가 42.3%로 가장 많았고, ‘일할때’ 27.0%, ‘식사 전후’ 16.7%, ‘운동 전후’ 14.0% 순으로 조사 되었다. 기능성 음료 섭취 후 남자는 피로회복의 효과를 인지하였으며, 여자는 다이어트 미용이나 공복감 해소, 변비 개선에 효과를 인지하였다. 연구결과를 고려할 때, 소비자의 올바른 기능성 음료의 구매와 섭취를 위하여 소비자가 스스로 선택할 수 있도록 기능성에 대한 명확한 정보전달이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 기능성 음료의 내용 영양소함량에 따른 상한섭취량과 과잉 및 부적절한 섭취로 건강상의 문제에 대한 영양교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 조사대상자의 기능성 음료에 대한 정보 습득경로로는 기사검색과 웹서핑 및 스마트폰 이용이 주가 되고 있다. 따라서, 앞으로의 영양교육은 인쇄물 교육보다는 앱이나 인터넷(배너) 광고 등을 통한 교육의 활성화가 바람직하다고 판단된다.