In this study, we examined the antagonistic effects of sprout-borne lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. This antagonism is promoted as a means of controlling contamination during sprout production and provides additional LAB for consumers. We isolated a total of 24 LAB isolates in nine species and five genera from seven popular vegetable sprouts: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), clover (Trifolium pratense), broccoli (Brassica oleracea ssp. italica), vitamin (B. rapa ssp. narinosa), red radish (Raphanus sativus), red kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes), and Kimchi cabbage (B. campestris var. pekinensis). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the LAB species were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. mundtii, Lactococcus taiwanensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella cibaria, and W. confusa. A total of 16 LAB isolates in seven species including E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. mundtii, L. taiwanensis, L. mesenteroides, P. pentosaceus, and W. cibaria showed antagonistic activity toward S. enterica. The growth inhibition of sprout LAB on S. enterica was confirmed by co-culture. Unexpectedly, sprout LAB failed to suppress the growth of S. enterica in alfalfa sprouts, whereas all LAB strains stimulate S. enterica growth even if it is not significant in some strains. The findings of this study indicate that S. enterica-antagonistic LAB are detrimental to food hygiene and will contribute to further LAB research and improved vegetable sprout production.

Domestic commercial low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste storage containers are manufactured using 1.2 mm thick cold-rolled steel sheets, and the outer surface is coated with a thin layer of primer of 10~36 μm. However, the outer surface of the primer of the container may be damaged due to physical friction, such as acceleration, resonance, and vibration during transportation. As a result, exposed steel surfaces undergo accelerated corrosion, reducing the overall durability of the container. The integrity of storage containers is directly related to the safety of workers. Therefore, the development of storage containers with enhanced durability is necessary. This paper provides an analysis of mechanical properties related to the durability of WC (tungsten carbide)-based coating materials for developing low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste storage containers. Three different WC-based coating specimens with varied composition ratios were prepared using HVOF (high-velocity oxy-fuel) technique. These different specimens (namely WC-85, WC-73, and WC-66) were uniformly deposited on cold-rolled steel surfaces ensuring a constant thickness of 250 μm. In this work, the mechanical properties of the three different WCbased coaitng materials evaluated from the viewpoints of microstructure, hardness, adheision force between substrate and coating material, and wear resistance. The cross-sectional SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) images revealed that elements W (tungsten), C (carbon), Ni (nickel), and Cr (chromium) were uniformly distributed within the each coating layers which was approximately 250 μm thick. The average hardness values of HWC-85 and HWC-73 were found to be 1,091 Hv (Vickers Hardness) and 1,083 Hv, respectively, while the HWC-66 exhibited relatively lower hardness value of 883 Hv. This indicates that a higher WC content results in increased hardness. Adhesion force between and substrates and coating materials exceeded 60 MPa for all specimens, however, there were no significant differences observed based on the tungsten carbide content. Furthermore, a taber-type abrasion tester was used for conducting abrasion resistance tests under specific conditions including an H-18 load weight at 1,000 g with rotational speed set at 60 RPM. The abrasion resistance tests were performed under ambient temperatures (RT: 23±2°C) as well as relative humidity levels (RH: 50±10%). Currently, the ongoing abrasion resistance tests will include some results in this study.

나비류는 서식 환경의 변화에 따라 발생 양상과 개체군의 군집구조가 달라지기 때문에 기후변화를 감지하는 지표종으로 이용된다. 본 연구는 2018년부터 2022년까지 5년간 한라산 아고산지역에 서식하는 나비 개체군의 분포를 파악하기 위해 영실에서 백록담까지 9개 구간을 선조사법을 이용하여 월별 조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 확인된 나비목 곤충의 출현 종수와 개체수는 총 5과 35종 15,943개체로 나타났으며 2018년이 다른 해에 비해 가장 많은 종수와 개체수가 출현하는 것으로 확인되었다. 구간별로는 선작지왓부터 윗세오름 통제소까지 구간 (D)에서 29종, 남벽통제소부터 백록담까지 구간(H)에서 4,590개체로 가장 많은 종수와 개체수를 보였다. 우점도 지수는 A구간과 6월, 풍부도 지수는 D구간과 7월, 균등도 지수는 G구간과 7월이 각각 가장 높게 분석되었다. 종다양도 지수는 A구간이 가장 낮은 반면 그 외 구간은 상대적으로 높게 유지되었고, 월별로는 7월이 가장 높았 다. 기상자료를 바탕으로 8개의 생물기후인자를 분석한 결과 주요 출현종의 분포는 강수량과 강수 일수가 개체 수 변동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석되었다.

This study was aimed to isolate bacterial inoculants producing chitinase and evaluate their application effects on corn silage. Four corn silages were collected from four beef cattle farms to serve as the sources of bacterial inoculants. All isolates were tested against Fusarium graminearum head blight fungus MHGNU F132 to confirm their antifungal effects. The enzyme activities (carboxylesterase and chitinase) were also measured to isolate the bacterial inoculant. Based on the activities of anti-head blight fungus, carboxylesterase, and chitinase, L. buchneri L11-1 and L. paracasei L9-3 were subjected to silage production. Corn forage (cv. Gwangpyeongok) was ensiled into a 10 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplication for 90 days. A 2 × 2 factorial design consists of F. graminearum contamination at 1.0104 cfu/g (UCT (no contamination) vs. CT (contamination)) and inoculant application at 2.1 × 105 cfu/g (CON (no inoculant) vs. INO (inoculant)) used in this study. After 90 days of ensiling, the contents of CP, NDF, and ADF increased (p<0.05) by F. graminearum contamination, while IVDMD, acetate, and aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05). Meanwhile, aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05) by inoculant application. There were interaction effects (p<0.05) on IVNDFD, NH3-N, LAB, and yeast, which were highest in UCT-INO, UCT-CON, CT-INO, and CT-CON & INO, respectively. In conclusion, this study found that mold contamination could negatively impact silage quality, but isolated inoculants had limited effects on IVNDFD and yeast.

본 연구는 정원 장미에서 화색과 향기의 상관관계를 분석하기 위해 개화단계 동안 화색소와 향기물질 구성의 변화를 조사하였 다. 화색과 향기 특성이 다른 세 품종의 정원 장미를 식물재료로 이용하였다. ‘Faustinia’는 황색 꽃잎과 tea-type향을 가지며, ‘Liparfum’은 적색 꽃과 sweet-type향을, ‘Tchaikovsky Meichibon’ 은 약한 향의 백색 꽃을 피운다. 개화과정을 S1에서 S5까지 5단 계로 나뉘어 설정하였다. 세 품종에서 꽃과 꽃잎의 크기, 꽃잎의 생체중과 같은 형태적 특성은 S1에서 S4로 개화가 진행됨에 따 라 증가했다. ‘Faustinia’와 ‘Liparfum’은 S3까지 화색이 선명하고 밝아지고 이후 퇴색되어 a*와 b*값이 감소하였다. 세 품종 모두 향기는 S3~S4에서 가장 강했다가 S5에서 감소하였다. ‘Faustinia’ 의 총 카로티노이드와 ‘Liparfum’의 총 안토시아닌 함량은 S1대 비 S3에서 약 7.2~40.5배 증가하였고 S5에서 약 30.6%까지 현저 하게 감소하였다. 백색 계열 ‘Tchaikovsky Meichibon’의 화색소 함량은 개화 과정 중 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으나 S5에서 2.3배 감소하였다. 향기물질은 화색소 변화와 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 2-phenylethanol과 3,5-dimethoxytholuene은 모든 품종 ‘Faustinia’ (84.2%), ‘Liparfum’(89.6%), ‘Tchaikovsky Meichibon’(94.8%) 에서 높은 함량비율을 보였고, 테르펜 향기물질 구성비율은 역순 으로 높았다. ‘Liparfum’의 안토시아닌은 향기물질 2-phenylethanol (r=-0.51), 3,5-dimethoxytoluene(r=-0.72**), eugenol(r=-0.58*),neral(r=-0.48), geranial(r=-0.42)과 음의 상관관계를 보였으나, 카로티노이드는 명확한 상관성을 갖지 않았다

The Republic of Korea is expected to participate in the denuclearization verification activities by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in case any neighboring countries declared denuclearization. In this study, samples for the verification of nuclear activities in undeclared areas were selected for the denuclearization of neighboring countries, and the appropriateness of the procedures was considered. If a country with nuclear weapons declares denuclearization, it must be accompanied by the IAEA’s verification regarding nuclear materials and weapons in the declared and undeclared areas. The analysis of the process samples or on-site environmental samples and the verification of undeclared nuclear facilities and materials aid in uncovering any evidence of concealment of nuclear activity in undeclared areas. Therefore, a methodology was established for effective sampling and analysis in accordance with proper procedures. Preparations for sampling in undeclared areas were undertaken for various potential scenarios, such as, the establishment of zones according to radiation dose, methods of supplying electricity, wireless communication networks, targets of sampling according to characteristics of nuclides, manned sampling method, and unmanned sampling method. Through this, procedures were established for pre- and post-site settings in preparation for hazards and limiting factors at nuclear inspection sites.

최근 다양한 유기재배 작물의 뿌리를 가해하는 굼벵이류의 피해가 증가하고 있으나, 굼벵이류는 토양 내 발생하는 특징으로 인해 발생시기 및 그 종류에 대한 확인이 어려운 해충이다. 피해를 끼치는 굼벵이의 발생을 파악하기 위해 고구마 유기재배지에 페로몬 트랩을 이용하여 굼벵이의 성충의 종류 및 발생 동향을 조사하였다. 조사지는 무안 유기재배농가와 국립농업과학원 완주군 포장에서 이루어졌다. 3종의 풍뎅이 페로몬 루어를 유인제로 사용하였으 며 6월 초부터 8월 말까지 조사지에 트랩을 설치하여 포획된 풍뎅이를 수집하여 동정을 하였다. 유기재배포장에서 포획된 종은 큰검정풍뎅이, 콩풍뎅이, 청동풍뎅이, 녹색콩풍뎅이, 별줄풍뎅이 등의 풍뎅이와 흰점박이꽃무지 등이 주로 채집되었다. 유기재배 고구마포장에서 풍뎅이 발생소장을 조사한 결과 최대로 발생한 시기는 7월초였다.

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Japanese Oak Silkmoth, Antheraea yamamai (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from two overlapping fragments and subsequent shotgun sequencing. The 15,601-bp long A. yamamai mitogenome contains gene arrangement and content identical to the most common arrangement found in lepidopteran insects. Most individual A. yamamai mitochondrial (mt) genes were well within the range found in the respective genes of other insects, except for small ribosomal RNA (1,037 bp). The 336-bp A+T-rich region is relatively smaller than that of other lepidopteran insects. The region is interesting in that it contains tRNA-like structures as found in the A+T-rich regions of other insect mitogenomes. The start codon of A. yamamai COI gene is unusual in that no typical one (ATN) is available. Three of the 13 protein-coding genes have incomplete termination codon T or TA. All tRNA formed stable stem-and-loop structure, except for tRNASer(AGN), the DHU arm of which formed a simple loop as seen in many other metazoan mt tRNASer(AGN).

The study was conducted to gather basic information on the occurrence of phytophagous nematodes for the establishment of nematode management strategy in major highland crop production such as chinese cabbage, carrot and potato. Soil samples were collected from five areas in 48 fields in the highland and sub-highland (425m to 1136m asl) areas in 2006. Majority (88%) of the soil samples contained the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla. The average density of the root-knot nematodes in chinese cabbage, carrot and potato fields were 8.3, 18.0 and 25.9 nematodes/100g soil, respectively. Helicotylenchus sp., Pratylenchus sp. and Dorylaimida sp. were also detected but in low densities.Root-knot nematode damage was not detected in potato growth and harvest at 0, 2, 12, 23 nematodes/100g soil densities.

Steinernematid와 heterorhabditid 선충은 쥐며느리에 침입하여 치사시킬수는 있었지만 효과는 없었다. Steinernema carpocapsae 포천 strain과 S. glaseri 동래 strain이 S. carpocapse All strain과 Heterorohabditis bacteriophora보다 효과가 있었으며, 병원성 발현에서 선충의 접종농도가 기주의 밀도보다 중요한 요인이었다.

방사선작업종사자 및 방사선작업장의 위험성은 주로 피폭선량 값으로 평가되고 있다. 하지만, 방사선작업장은 사용하는 방사선 및 작업환경이 상이하다. 특히, 방사선투과검사작업장은 작업대상물, 차폐체 사용 가능 유무 등에 따라 작업환경이 다양하다. 따라서 효율적인 방사선 방호를 위해서는 여러 가지 인자들을 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 전문가 및 조장 방사선작업종사자들 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 그 결과, 방사선원, 방사선피폭선량, 작업장관리현황, 판독특이자, 정기검사현황이 주요인자로 선정되었다. 또한, 설문조사 중요도를 바탕으로 1차 가중치(안)을 설정한 후 2차적으로 전문가 자문을 통해 인자 내 세부 항목별 가중치를 선정하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 선정된 주요인자를 바탕으로 하여 방사선투과검사작 업장 위해도 지수 모델 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Background : This study aimed to identify the mechanisms of the antinociceptive effects of PG in the fibromyalgia (FM)-like animal model. Methods and Results : To assess the possible effect of PG on FM symptoms, we constructed a FM animal model induced by intermittent cold stress with slight modification. All mice underwent nociceptive assays using electronic von Frey anesthesiometer and Hargreaves equipment. To assess the relation between PG and the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. In behavioral analysis, nociception tests showed that the pain threshold was significantly decreased in the FM group compared to control group. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed downregulation of BDNF and p-CREB proteins in the FM group compared to control group. PG recovered these changes at behavioral tests and protein level. These results provide evidence that the effects of PG extract in the FM model may be related to its modulating effect on the BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusion : Our animal model may be involved in the mechanism by which PG extract is effective as a therapeutic agent for FM.

Background : Haskap berries commonly refer to fruits of Lonicera caerulea L., recognized by the Japanese aborigines as the “The elixir of life.”. Due to their recent arrival on the North American market, haskap berries have not yet been positioned among other berries and compared in terms of their phytochemical content. And haskap berries have higher ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content than other berries known for their health-promoting benefits, such as blueberries. However, no study has reported on the antioxidant and anti-cancer activity of Lonicera caerulea stem. The purpose of this study is to present the current research on the chemical content, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of Lonicera caerulea stem. Methods and Results : The stem of Lonicera caerulea L. ware dried in the shade at room temperature and extracted with 100% methanol. The extract was suspended in deionized water and partitioned sequentially with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate and butanol (water saturated BuOH) fractions. Antioxidant activities were measured by determination of antioxidants, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Cell viability was determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. All cell lines were purchased from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). All results were performed with three replications were processed statistically. By DPPH assay, the Lonicera caerulea L. the highest activity was obtained from the ethyl-acetate fraction (IC50=15.46 ㎍/㎖). By MTT assay, the chloroform fraction showed a significant growth inhibiting effect on MCF-7 (Human breast cancer, IC50=225.91 ㎍/㎖), COLO 205 (Human colon cancer, IC50=179.55 ㎍/㎖), but on AGS (Human stomach cancer) and other fractions it did not show effect. Conclusion : We demonstrated that Lonicera caerulea L. stem extract and fractions has antioxidant and antiproliferation activity in vitro. Further studies should identify the active constituents in Lonicera caerulea L stem to evaluate the potential in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferation activities of the extract.

Background : Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. is a perennial herbaceous plant, distributed in the northern high mountains of the Korean peninsula and China. It is an excellent ornamental plant currently at risk of overharvesting and therefore, is designated as an endangered wild plant Class II by the Ministry of Environment. Physiological research on A. tabularis has not be reported. Therefore, in this study, using A. tabulari extracts, antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory effects were determined. Methods and Results : The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of A. tabularis extracts were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. tabularis possesses potent DPPH radical scavenging activity (2.90±0.08㎍/㎖), similar to the scavenging activity of ascorbic acid (2.19±0.06㎍/㎖), and better than the powerful antioxidant α-tocopherol (10.60±0.40㎍/㎖) as well as BHA (butylatedhydroxy anisole)(6.12±0.27㎍/㎖). The ethyl acetate fraction possessed a significantly higher concentration of total phenolic (549.70±2.72㎎GAE/g) and flavonolic content (154.58±1.04㎎QE/g). It was also found that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited high reducing power and inhibition of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) formation. Different fractions of A. tabularis were tested for anti-inflammatory activity using LPS stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a high inhibitory effect on NO (Nitrite oxide) production (22.43±1.06%, 19.30±0.45%, respectively) at 200㎍/㎖ concentration. The mRNA of IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2 gene expression was decreased by treatment with the ethyl acetate fraction. These results showed that A. tabularis extracts can be used as natural substances to control inflammation. Conclusion : These result showed that A. tabularis extracts can be used in a variety of antioxidant and other functional product research and development processes as valuable natural materials.