Most of the school buildings were built before the seismic code was established. To consider the sunlight and ventilation to the partition walls are built about 1m height beside columns at typical school buildings. For the reason, columns which is consisted school building occur brittle failure shape by the reduced effective depth. In this study, experimental test for retrofitting effect by Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymers(AFRP) strips on masonry infilled reinforced concrete(RC) frames is performed. The test results were to ensured enough time to evacuate due to the enhancement of ductility and strength of school buildings to withstand earthquakes using AFRP strips .

The purpose of this study was to assess the removal efficiency of formaldehyde using carbon nano colloid (CNC) which was produced by comparatively easy and cheap method. In this study, carbon nano colloid based on water was produced by an electro‐chemical method. The particles which have mostly a spherical shape whose diameter was, what is called,‘nano‐size’were produced. Non‐woven fabric filter, which is currently on the market as a medium filter, was used for the removal efficiency test. Known concentration (0.5 ppm) of formaldehyde standard gas was used as a pollutant. The overall results indicate that (1) nanosize carbon colloids which have a stable dispersibility of which diameter is approximately 10 nm or less, (2) filters treated with carbon nano colloids showed higher removal efficiency, 44.47 ㎍ of HCHO removed/g of carbon and 19.28 ㎍ of HCHO removed/g of carbon, compared to the control experiment using a normal carbon filter, 1.45 ㎍ of HCHO removed/g of carbon.

전북 익산시 비닐하우스 엽채류 근대에서 발생하는 흰띠명나방을 채집하여 사육실(25±2℃, 16L:8D, RH 60~70)에서 누대 사육하면서 성충 수명, 산란수 등을 조사하고, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ 항온기에서 알과 유충의 발육상태를 조사하였다. 사육실에서 성충의 수명은 암컷이 17.5일, 수컷이 15.6일이었고, 암컷 한 마리당 산란수는 85.9개, 일일산란수는 10.6개, 산란전기간은 6.9일, 산란기간은 8.1일, 산란후기간은 2.5일, 번데기기간은 9.8일, 우화율은 57.9%, 유충기간은 16.0일이었다. 온도별 난 및 유충 발육기간은 15℃에서 난기간 6.8일, 1령 4.6일, 2령 4.8일, 20℃에서 난기간 6.8일, 1령 4.5일, 2령 4.7일, 3령 4.0일, 4령 4.2일, 25℃에서 난기간 4.1일, 1령 3.4일, 2령 4.1일, 3령 3.9일, 4령 3.9일, 30℃에서 난기간 3.4일, 1령 3.9일, 2령 3.3일, 3령 2.7일, 4령 3.0일이었다. 온도별 부화율은 15℃에서 12.1%, 20℃에서 21.3%, 25℃에서 71.8%, 30℃에서 62.5%였다.

Composites of gadolinium-doped ceria/magnesia(CGO/MgO) were synthesized and characterized for the electrolytes of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. XRD and SEM results revealed that composite electrolytes consisted of their own phases after sintering at 1400˚C without noticeable solid solution of Mg into CGO. As the MgO content increased, the total electrical conductivity decreased, which might be attributed to the decrease of grain boundary conductivity, possibly due to the lowering of the continuity of the CGO grains and blocking effects of the insulating MgO phase. The space charge effect may not be a significant factor to affect the electrical conductivity of the CGO/MgO composites.