The present study was aimed to estimate the effect of ensiling period and bacterial inoculants on chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics on rye silage harvested at delayed stage. Rye (Secale cereale L.) was harvested after 20 days of heading stage (29.4% dry matter, DM). The harvested rye forage was applied with different inoculants following: applications of distilled water (CON), Lactobacillus brevis (LBB), Leuconostoc holzapfelii (LCH), or mixture of LBB and LCH at 1:1 ratio (MIX). Each forage was ensiled into 20 L mini bucket silo (5 kg) for 50 (E50D) and 100 (E100D) days in triplicates. The E50D silages had higher in vitro digestibilities of DM (IVDMD, p<0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD, p=0.013), and lactate (p=0.009), and acetate (p=0.011) than those of E100D, but lower pH, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and yeast. By inoculant application, LCH had highest IVDMD and IVNDFD (p<0.05), while MIX had highest lactate and lowest pH (p<0.05). The CON and LCH in E50D had highest LAB and yeast (p<0.05), whereas LBB in E100D had lowest (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that LCH application improved the nutrient digesbility (IVDMD and IVNDFD) of lignified rye silage, and longer ensiling period for 100 days enhanced the fermentation characteristics of silage compared to ensiling for 50 days.

A laser scabbling experiment was performed using a high-power fiber laser to investigate the removal rate of the concrete block and the scabbled depth. Concrete specimens with a 28-day compressive strength of 30 MPa were used in this study. Initially, we conducted the scabbling experiment under a stationary laser beam condition to determine the optimum scan speed. The laser interaction time with the concrete surface varied between 3 s and 40 s. The degree of spalling and vitrification on the surface was primarily dependent on the laser interaction time and beam power. Furthermore, thermal images were captured to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature during the scabbling process. Based on the experimental results, the scan speed at which the optical head moved over the concrete was set to be 300 mm∙min−1 or 600 mm∙min−1 for the 4.8-kW or 6.8-kW laser beam, respectively. The spalling rates and average depth on the concrete blocks were measured to be 87 cm3∙min−1 or 227 cm3∙min−1 and 6.9 mm or 9.8 mm with the 4.8-kW or 6.8-kW laser beams, respectively.

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of different cutting lengths on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of whole crop rice (WCR) silage. The WCR was harvested at the yellow ripe stage (43.7%, DM), and then cut at 5 (R05), 10 (R10), and 20 cm (R20) of the theoretical length of cut with no cut WCR (R60). Each forage was ensiled into 20 L mini bucket silo (5 kg) for 150 days in quadruplicates. The cutting lengths were not affected the chemical compositions of WCR silage (p > 0.05). The pH (p < 0.001) and concentration of ammonia-N (p = 0.022) in WCR silage were increased linearly with the increase of cutting length. The concentration of lactate had quadratic effect (p = 0.007), which was highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). The concentration of acetate was increased linearly (p = 0.014), but the concentration of butyrate was decreased linearly (p = 0.033). The lactic acid bacteria count was decreased linearly (p = 0.017), and yeast count had quadratic effect (p = 0.009), which was the highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability had strong quadratic effect (p < 0.001), which was the highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, R60 silage had highest pH by a linear increase of ammonia-N concentration and led to low aerobic stability. While R20 silage had the lowest pH by high lactate concentration and led to high aerobic stability.

Arcuphantes catillus n. sp., a new species of the genus Arcuphantes Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943 is described from Korea. The present species is distinguishable from its known similar congeners by a conspicuous proximal process and a blunt lateral process of the paracymbium, feathery tipped lamellar extension of the pseudolamella, and bowl-like posterior part of radix. The present new species was collected from the leaf litter layer of mixed forest on a hillock around rice fields with a pitfall trap.

‘Pink Bell’ 품종은 초세가 강건하고 잎마름병 및 엽소피해에 강하며 꽃이 큰 백합 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2010년도에 충남농업기술원 태안백합시험장에서 종간교배한 OT(Oriental hybrid × Trumpet hybrid)백합이다. 교배모본으로는 복색(백색+적색)의 OT백합 ‘Nymph’ 품종을, 부본으로는 백색의 오리 엔탈백합 ‘Rialto’ 품종을 주두절단수분법으로 교배하여 종자배양을 하였고 2011년부터 2013년까지 인편배양을 통한 증식 및 하우스에 육묘에 의하여 구근생산을 하였으며, 2014년도에 우수계통(OT14-4)으로 선발하였다. 2017년부터 2019년도까지 3년동안 ‘Nymph’ 품종을 대조품종으로 하여 자연재배를 통한 특성검정을 실시하였으며, 2018년 화훼연구소의 백합 육성계 통 평가회을 통해서 최종 선발되어 ‘Pink Bell’로 명명한 후 충 청남도종자위원회 심사를 거쳐 국립종자원에 품종보호출원을 하였다. ‘Pink Bell’ 품종의 자연개화는 중부지역에서 6월 18일로 ‘Nymph’ 품종과 별차이가 없었고 초장은 150.6츠로 큰 편이었다. 분홍색 반점에 복색(백색+분홍)의 꽃색과 사발모양의 화형을 나타내었다. 재배에 있어서는 생육단계별 영양분 시비, 잎마름병과 진딧물 등 병해충 방제와 및 하우스 환기 등 주기적인 재배관리로 고품질의 절화생산이 가능하다.