The 17th APEC Future Education Forum (AFEF) and the 19th International ALCoB Conference were held from 28 September (Tuesday) to 1 October (Friday) in a virtual manner. The annual forum and conference serve as an invaluable opportunity to discuss future directions of education and human resources development in the Asia-Pacific region. Since 2005, the forum and conference have served their role as the largest and longest thematic meeting in the APEC Human Resources Development Working Group (HRDWG). The 2021 forum and conference have gathered 780 participants from 20 APEC member economies, guest economies and international institutions. Under the theme “Strengthening lifelong competencies and skills development for individuals’ career, education, training, and life cycles”, the forum and conference reflected the current educational agenda from 21 APEC member economies and other international organizations such as G20, UNESCO. As a way forward, the forum and conference speakers recommend APEC to 1) consider individual and industrial needs for curriculum development, 2) expand lifelong learning policies and practices at both domestic and international level and 3) develop a public-private partnership to prepare its future talents with adequate competencies. This review explains the 17th AFEF and the 19th International ALCoB Conference background, summary and outcomes. The review also briefs on collective actions member economies can take as future steps to continue the forum and conference discussions.

Two linyphiid spiders, Saitonia kawaguchikonis Saito & Ono, 2001 and Asthenargus niphonius Saito & Ono, 2001 were confirmed from Korea for the first time. Males of S. kawaguchikonis and a female of A. niphonius were collected with pitfall traps in a leaf litter of mixed forests in three National Parks (Hallyeohaesang National Park, Mt. Naejangsan, and Mt. Sobaeksan) during the seasonal surveys for the spider fauna in mountainous terrain from 2018 to 2020. These two species were formerly known from China and Japan, or only from Japan, respectively. The present study describes these two species with measurements, morphological illustrations, and a distribution map. This report adds the genus Asthenargus Simon & Fage, 1922 from Korea to the Korean spider fauna for the first time.

본 연구는 paclobutrazol(PBZ) 처리에 따른 호접란의 생장 반응과 화경유도를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 20°C 생식생 장 환경에서 호접란 ‘Mantefon’과 ‘V3’ 실험묘를 0, 100, 200, 400ppm(유효성분 0, 1, 2, 4mg) PBZ 농도로 처리하였고, 28°C 영양생장 환경에서 ‘Mantefon’ 실험묘를 0, 100, 200ppm(유효성 분 0, 1, 2mg) PBZ 농도로 처리하였다. 화경유도 환경에서는 200, 400ppm 처리 식물들의 화경유도율이 감소하고 화경의 출 현이 늦어지는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 ‘Mantefon’에서 처리 농도 에 상관없이 모든 PBZ 처리구에서 화경의 수가 감소하였다. PBZ 처리는 화경의 길이도 감소시켰으나 개화소요일수나 소화 의 수에는 차이가 없었다. 한편, 영양생장 환경에서는 처리 농도 가 증가할수록 줄기와 뿌리 직경, 잎의 두께는 증가하였고, 반면 에 신엽의 수, 잎의 길이와 폭은 감소하였다. 따라서 PBZ 처리를 받은 식물에서 ‘stunting’ 현상이 나타났다. 영양생장 환경에서 PBZ 처리를 받은 식물을 생식생장 환경으로 옮겼을 때도 앞선 실험에서와 마찬가지로 화경유도율이 감소하고 화경출현일수 가 증가하여서 영양생장 동안의 PBZ 처리 효과가 화경유도에까 지 이어질 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 PBZ 처리는 호접란의 생장과 화경유도를 제한할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

The carbon anode material for lithium-ion battery was prepared by pyrolysis fuel oil and waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) additive. The pitch was synthesized as a medium material for carbon anode by heat treatment. The waste PET additive improved the softening point and thermal stability of the pitch. La and Lc of the anode material (heat-treated pitch) increased at higher treatment temperature but decreased by waste PET additive. The electric capacity was evaluated based on effects of defective cavity and developed graphite interlayer, respectively. When the La and Lc of the anode material decreased, the electric capacity by cavity increased based on defective graphite structure. Therefore, the addition of waste PET causes the improved capacity by the cavity. The anode material which has a high efficiency (over 95%) and C-rate (95%, 2 C/0.1 C) was obtained by controlling the process of heat treatment and PET addition. The mechanism of lithium-ion insertion was discussed based on effects of defective cavity and developed graphite interlayer.