Invasive exotic insects are rapidly increasing and spreading in a short period of time, threatening the ecosystem. Now, we need technology to monitor the dispersal of exotic insects and to strengthen the ecosystem risk assessment. The United States, Europe, and other countries are fully equipped with a biological control system for threats to biodiversity through systematic investigation and database construction, but Korea is not. Risk assessment and development of a dispersal/change prediction model are essential to maintain a safe ecosystem from invasive exotic species. This research group is carrying out a study to minimize the ecological damage by developing a prediction model of dispersal/change for invading alien insect species, a risk assessment technology and a response manual for management. I would like to look into the current state of exotic insect invasion through this small group meeting, and look for directions to study in the future.

Climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide are significant factors in ecological risk assessments, suggesting their consideration is required in predicting potential distribution of a invasive species. CLIMEX model is one of species distribution models (SDMs) and provides potential geographical distribution by focusing on climatic effect on species inhabitation. Most SDMs, such as Bioclim, Domain, GARP and MaxEnt, focus on relationship between the occurrences of the species and static environmental covariates, whereas CLIMEX model depends on limitations of species' geographical distribution and reactions to climatic variables at an appropriate temporal scale (called seasonal phenology). In this study, we described the basic concept of CLIMEX and reviewed previous applications. Also, we demonstrated the various utilization of CLIMEX differed by study purposes and methodology for analyzing the model.

This study was carried out to confirm the predatory and developmental features of N. stenoferus. We determine the host range of N. stenoferus. As a result, it was confirmed that Aphis gssypii, Myzus persicae, Planococcus citri, and Frankliniella occidentalis. N. stenoferus is thought to be able to feed on other micro pests. The test for a developmental period of N. stenoferus at 25℃ showed that the egg period was about 10 days. The nymphal period was about 18 days. Each nymphal period from 1st instar to 3rd instar nymphs was about 3 days. And the nymphal period of 4th and 5th were about 3.5 and 6 days, respectively. The female adult laid eggs in stem tissue or on leaves, and sometimes on the soaked cotton for water supply.

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is categorized into the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Accordingly, the prediction of potential distribution of the red imported fire ant is demanded in order to provide the possibility of dispersion into new sites, and to identify vulnerable regions to be attacked. In general, species distribution model can predict potential distribution of a specific species, but most of them have used air temperature as the most important variable. However, red imported fire ant has life cycle under ground, requiring soil temperature for more reliable prediction of potential habitats. For this reason, this study was to insert soil temperature into CLIMEX, and to evaluate potential distribution of the red imported fire ant.

Solenopsis geminata has been found in South Korea, suggesting a risk of its invasion has been increased by rapid climate change. This situation requires species distribution modeling to predict possibility of Solenopsis geminata introduction, but information necessary for performing it is very limited. In this study, we developed a map for global distribution of Solenopsis geminata so that the map can be used for future species distribution modeling. Also, as the first step to assess Solenopsis geminata introduction, climatic similarity between its origin (Puerto Rico) and major cities in South Korea was compared. We used ArcMap (version 10.0) for creating the distribution map by obtaining current habitat from public database, and CLIMEX was used to compare climates based on CMI value. The result showed that climates were not similar as indicated by CMI less than 0.52, suggesting the risk of intial introduction is low under the current climatic condition. However, it should be noted that climatic similarity did not consider biological characteristics of Solenopsis geminata and climate change. Thus, the next study will be devoted to climatic suitability simultaneously considers meteorological data, distribution and biological information.

The Genus Eugahania Mercet belongs to the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), containing 8 species in the world. They are mostly parasitoids on the nymphs of leafhoppers (Hemiptera). Until now, Eugahania have been barely studied in the world. In this study, the genus Eugahanua is reported for the first time from Korea including two new records. A key to the species, and diagnoses and photographs for each species are provided.

The leafhopper family Cicadellidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) is plant feeders, with mouthparts adapted for sucking. Almost of the them cause injuries of destruction to plants, including fruit trees and grain crops, and can be vectors of plant diseases. Therefor, Cicadellidae is one of the most important pests in the world. However, their identifications are very difficult because of small size and morphological similarities, and their exact biological information such as host plants, life cycle and distribution are not clear for most species. So, we provide and integrated biological database that present accurate diagnostic methods and ecological infromation.

본 연구를 통해 Dactylioglypha tonica (Meyrick, 1909) 종을 기반으로 Dactylioglypha속을 국내 최초로 보고한다. Dactylioglypha속은 잎말이나방과의 애기잎말이나방아과에 속해 있는 그룹으로 현재까지 전 세계적으로 5종이 동구북 구, 동양구 및 호주구 등지에서 보고되어 있다. 이번 연구를 통하여 우리나라에서는 제주에서 서식하는 것이 확인되었 다. 본 연구에서는 Dactylioglypha속에 대해 개괄적으로 소개하고 D. tonica (Meyrick, 1909)의 외부형태적 특징, 기주식물 및 분포적 특성 등을 정리하여 제시하였다.

The plant bug family Miridae is the largest group in Heteroptera, and is one of the most important insect groups economically in agriculture and in forestry, because it contains insect pests and predators. Among the subfamilies, Deraeocorinae represents the predatory group including some members which can be used as a biological control agent. This group comprises a total of six tribes in whole regions with their own unique morphology. However, the monophylies and relationships of tribes and genera within this subfamily are not still explored phylogenetically. In this talk, the first phylogenetic analyses of Deraeocorinae are presented based on total evidence data. Major questions including monophylies and relationships of each taxa on the basis of the results are discussed.

The genus Placosternum Amyot & Serville (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) currently belongs to the tribe Pentatomini Leach with 13 described species. Species are medium to big size and are defined by having characteristic thoracic sternal structures and the pronotal lateral angles somewhat protruded and/or serrate. The genus follows a typical Indo-Malayan distribution limited by the Wallace line south-eastwards and extending to some regions of the eastern Palaearctic. The species in the genus can be considered somehow cryptic as morphologically they are similar and most of them have been classified as a single species. Additionally, as most of the species descriptions are extremely poor, after the revision of the type materials and material deposited in many of the worldwide institutions, we present the systematic knowledge on the genus.

The leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae are the biggest group belonging to the Cicadellidae. Deltocephalinae consists of 38 tribes, 923 genera, and 6,683 valid species in worldwide. The genus Scaphoideus Uhler of the subfamily is the largest genus of the tribe Scaphoideini with two subgenera and comprised about 160 species found in the world. Some of Scaphoideus species are serious pests and vectors of phytoplasma such as Scaphoideus titanus, S. luteolus. In this talk, the leafhopper genus Scaphoideus from Korea peninsula is reviewed with one new species and one new recorded species. Additionally, morphological information and descriptions of genitalia, and a key to the species of Scaphoideus are provided.

Insects are directly and/or indirectly associated with plants, and interactions of them have long been studied in many countries. The suborders Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha, in Hemiptera which is the largest hemimetabolous insect order, are also closely associated with various plants as their hosts and habitats. In addition, some groups of Auchenorrhyncha are known as the vector to transmit pathogens such as phytoplasma and virus to the plant. However, there have been a few researches on interaction of insect groups and plants, although it is important to construct data and to understand their interaction for application in various fields. In this talk, the current research on interaction of two suborders and plants is presented. The importance and direction of future work are also discussed.

This paper scrutinizes the consonant alternations of Chinese Pidgin English in The Chinese and English Instructor(1862) that has been known as the representative text of CPE. The Chinese and English Instructor was written by Tong Ting-shu who was a comprador of Guangdong province, and composed of six volumes. Particularly, a part of volume 4 and a total of volume 6 consisted of CPE phrases or sentences. Therefore two volumes are very important for analyzing phonology, morphology and syntax of CPE. The CPE had been used primarily in Chinese southeastern coast from the early 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, and is a representative pidgin as a mixture of Cantonese and English. In CPE many consonants are replaced to others: from a fricative to a plosive and consonants cluster simplification etc. In The Chinese and English Instructor, particularly, we can see several consonants alternation. Firstly, [v] replaced [f], [w], and [p]/∅. Cantonese dose not have the [v] sound, so it changed to other consonants. Secondly, English plosives replaced aspirated voiceless plosives or unaspirated voiceless plosives because of the phonological system of Cantonese. However, this alternation is inconsistent and very complicated. Thirdly, [š] replaced the [s] sound in the condition that some vowels come after [š] or under the last syllable. But this vowel always replaced [syu] under some conditions. Fourthly, all of [θ] and [ð] sounds replaced [d], but only in the case ‘thisee’ and ‘the’ [ð] replaced [l].

Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is a notorious pest which has caused damage of human life. Recent expansion of its habitat due to climate change has threatened where it cannot live before. South Korea has been exposed to its invasion, alerting early assessment of potential distribution of Solenopsis invicta. The objective is, hence, to predict potential distribution of Solenopsis invicta in South Korea based on climatic suitability. CLIMEX software was used for predicting Solenopsis invicta distribution in 2020 under RCP 8.5 climatic change scenario. Result showed that climates in coastal areas, Daegu, and Jeju island would be suitable for inhabitation of Solenopsis invicta. This results suggested that the risk of Solenopsis invicta invasion might be increased with the current climate change.

Climatic similarity between a native region and a target area is the first step to be considered for judging an invasive risk of alien species. In this study, we compared climate of the origin of Solenopsis invicta with that of South Korea. Match Climate application in CLIMEX software was used to simulate Composite Match Index (CMI) which quantitatively evaluated climatic similarity between two locations. We selected a native city (Cordoba in Argentina) of Solenopsis invicta and compared its climate with the current climate in South Korea. Result showed that climatic similarity is higher in Gyeongsangbuk-do area including Andong and Pohang, When only comparing climate during April to October, CMI was generally increased, but areas with the highest CMI was decreased.

Genus Eupoecilia is one of the group of the family Tortricidae, comprising 37 desciribed species in the world. Among them, 29 species are reported from the Oriental and Palearctic regions. The genus has been well known about the specific biology with showing the larval feeding in the stem or flower of the host plants. In Korea, the genus Eupoecilia are reported with 5 species up to date as follows: E. ambiguella (Hübner), E. angustana (Hübner), E. citrinana Razowski, E. inouei Kawabe, and E. kobeana Razowski. This study was conducted to review the genus Eupoecilia belonging to the family Tortricidae in Korea. In this study, totally, six species of the genus were enumerated with one new species candidate, Eupoecilia koreana sp. nov., on the previous literatures. All available information including synonymies, host plants and distributional ranges for each species is provided.

The subfamily Mirinae is the most diverse group in Heteroptera, composed of at least 4,100 described species worldwide. This subfamily is also one of the most important groups in agriculture and in forestry, containing many well-known pests and predators which can be used as a biological control agent. However, the monophyly and generic relationships of each group within this subfamily have been unclear due to the lack of phylogenetic analysis. In this talk, the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of this subfamily are presented based on total evidence data. Major questions on the basis of the results are discussed, including the monophyly and relationships among the tribes and main genera, and the evolution of important characters in each group.

Family Pentatomidae has a worldwide distribution, and is considered as one of the largest groups within the Heteroptera. The family is subdivided into 10 different morphological lineages (subfamilies): Aphylinae, Asopinae, Cyrtocorinae, Discocephalinae, Edessinae, Pentatominae, Phyllocephalinae, Podopinae, Serbaninae and Stirotarsinae, however the internal phylogeny and subfamily level relationships of the group remain unstudied. In this talk, molecular markers COI, 16S RNA, 28S RNA and 18S RNA with more than 200 species have been used to test their monophylies and relationships. Based on the results, reclassification and reinterpretation of the characters and groupings should be necessary to understand the evolutionary lineages that make up the Pentatomidae family.

Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) is the largest subfamily of Cicadellidae, and caused direct damage on their host plants by feeding and spawning, or as vectors of plant pathogens such as viruses, phytoplasmas, and bacteria. It contains majority of cicadellid vector species of economically important plant disease. Despite of economical pests, Deltocephalinae is difficult to identify due to morphological similarities and variations, yet, their biological information like host plants and taxonomical characters has not been constructed for accurate diagnosis of species. In this study, we build a database of integrated biological information such as host plants, distributional records and dorsal habitus of specimens, male genitalia, and DNA barcoding data with illustrations and photographs.