The ovum pick up(OPU) technique can be used to produce embryos after in vitro culture of ovarian oocytes, can be used for early securement for effective herd early proliferation and excellent Hanwoo genetic resources, It is attracting attention as a very important technique for establishing technology. In addition to in vitro culture techniques, the number of oocytes retrieved depends on the environment and timing of the OPU. This study was conducted to compare and examine seasonal effect to the differences in the number of recovered oocytes, recovery rate and embryo development rate using Korean cattle kept in animal genetic resource research center by OPU technique. The grade of COCs was evaluated by microscopic examination. Grade A had 3 or more layers of cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade B had 1~3 layers of cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade C had 1 layers cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade D was denuded oocyte and poor cytoplasm. The recovery rate was 47.8±3.4% in summer (June to August) and 51.6±3.8% in autumn (September to October). The number of oocytes was 5.7±0.6 in summer and 5.2±0.7 in autumn. Oocyte grade A and B was 46.2%±6.3% in summer and 51.1±5.0% in autumn. The cleavage rate was 46.1±7.1% in summer and 65.0±11.3% in autumn. Blastocyst development rate was 19.9±9.4% in summer and 29.0±8.7% in autumn. There was no difference the recovery rate of oocytes and the number of embryos between summer and autumn. Cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of autumn was higher than summer. we will investigate to study the appropriate method for the production of Hanwoo embryos and the systematic comparison.

The present study was to assess the in vivo embryo production efficiency using the semen separated according to sex during superovulation in Hanwoo. Seventy Hanwoo donor cows were flushed on day 7 of estrus cycle with same FSH and artificial insemination by the same technicians. Embryos were recovered on 7 days after the third insemination by flushing the uterus with embryo collection medium. KPN semen straws used artificial insemination contained 20 million sperm (total number 60 million per donor). Sex-sorted semen straws contained 4 million sperm (total number 12 million per donor). The results obtained were as follows: No differences were observed in the efficiency of superovulation rates on KPN semen 87%, and sexed semen 100%, respectively. The mean numbers of total embryos are each 12.58 ± 8.31 and 13.25 ± 7.86. The mean numbers of transferable embryos, sexed semen were significantly lower than KPN semen (3.75 ± 1.98 vs. 8.23 ± 6.07, P<0.05). The rates of unfertilized embryos from superovulation using sexed semen were significantly higher than KPN semen (50% vs. 15%, P<0.05). The rate of degenerated 2-cell embryos from sexed and KPN semen was 60.87% and 11.11%, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that superovulation using sexed semen was useful, but efficient embryo production was important to reducing the damage caused by the Flowcytometer-based sperm sorting procedure.

To control an external parasitic mite, a honey bee line possessing high hygienic behavior (HHB) against an external parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, has been bred in South Korea and an assessment method has been necessitated to diagnose HHB line from the low hygienic behavior (LHB) line. Thus, in this study, we developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from whole genome sequencing of each 20 worker bees from HHB and LHB lines of A. mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae). An average of 319,445,977 sequence reads was mapped to the known A. mellifera reference genome (an average of 87.46%). In 2,316,128 and 3,266,756 SNPs from each HHB and LHB line, an average of 93.6% and was located in the intergenic spacers and introns, whereas, the remaining 6.4% was located in the genic region, respectively. Among them 20 SNPs that were fixed at each line possessing within-individual homozygosity were selected and each four SNPs were used to diagnose the two honey bee lines either by typical PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method or allele-specific PCR. The remaining six SNPs had the size difference, enabling relatively easy differentiation between the two honey bee lines on typical agarose gel and another remaining six SNPs only has sequence difference including SNP sites. Thus, these SNP markers can be used to diagnose the honey bee line with HHB from LHB line against V. destructor.

Cymbidium flower is mainly grown for exportation to China and Japan, but detection of a few pests including the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphidae), necessitated post-harvest treatment for casual exportation. Thus, we irradiated electron beam to cotton aphids occurring in cymbidium to establish post-harvest method for casual exportation of the flowers. For cymbidium, six categories of product quality were examined after eight different doses were irradiated (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 and 1,000 Gy). One thousand Gy to cymbidium caused an extreme deterioration only in vase life in both colors compared to control (0 Gy). In the case of cotton aphids, adult longevity decreased from 11.23 (100 Gy) to 4.70 (400 Gy) when four different doses were irradiated (100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy), with control being an average of 20.89 days. The numbers of total first instar nymph produced per adult was not significantly differed among five doses (2.21 ~ 2.74 individuals), but was substantially lower compared to control (an average of 51.46; P < 0.0001). Live F1 nymphs did not develope to adults at all five doses, except for a single nymph at 100 Gy, which was dead right after emergence. The results of probit analysis indicated that majority of adults required 3.33 ~ 7.55 days for 90% mortality at 200 Gy and higher, but at 100 Gy it required 41.56 days. Therefore, higher than 100 Gy might be required for complete control of adult cotton aphids and their F1.

In order to accumulate the ecological information of Drosophila suzukii for export negotiations of domestic strawberry, we weekly monitored occurrence of D. suzukii at three strawberry fields located in Gok-seong, Dam-yang and Hwa-sun using the best combination of trap and attractant from November 2017 to May 2018, the period of strawberry production. Monitoring was carried out at three sites (a hill located 150 meter distant to greenhouse, outside greenhouse and inside greenhouse) in Gok-seong. Drosophil suzukii was trapped at three short periods from November to the beginning of December, from the end of December to the beginning of January, and from April in a hill. At outside greenhouse, D. suzukii was trapped at two short periods from November to the early December and the beginning of May. In inside greenhouse, it occurred once after May 24th. Gok-seong data can be summarized as more occurrence for longer period as the distance to greenhouse increases. Dam-yang occurred once in a short period inside greenhouse and hill, respectively on May. In case of Hwa-sun, D. suzukii did not trapped in whole trapping sites during trapping period, except for the surrounding grape and peach cultivation areas at the end of November. Summarized, no occurrence periods are from November 20th, 2017 to May 14th, 2018 inside greenhouse; from December 11th, 2017 to May 3rd, 2018 outside greenhouse; and from January 8th, 2018 to April 12th, 2018 on a hill. In connection with strawberry culture, the D. suzukii tends to occur at the beginning and the end of the strawberry production period. We expect this result can serve as a helpful data for export negotiation for quarantine.

For the setting of control timing, the number of overwintering eggs on host plants and population density of Metcalfa pruinosa nymphs and adults was surveyed in the three peach orchards. According to a survey of the overwintering eggs density (∅2~3㎝, 20㎝ branches) of M. pruinosa on host plants, 221.8 in Mugunghwa trees, 189.3 Oak trees, and 152.7 Acacia trees, and 57.0 Peach showed the number of eggs laid. Examined peach branches within the 50cm (∅1~5cm) was not found population densities of M. pruinosa nymphs and adults, and it was also very low in the sticky trap. The peak density of the adult was highest at 5.4 per trap on August 7 after being first investigated on July 16 in a string wrap survey, and then decreased. In the peach orchard, it is judged that the control of the M. pruinosa is due to be 20 days after the end of the insect hatching, and that distribution of host plants is more important in the outside region than inside region.

유기농경지에서 문제가 되는 해충을 방제하기 위하여 농가에서는 식물추출물 등 다양한 자가제조 유기농업자재를 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 농가 자가제조 유기농업자재를 이용하여 목화진딧물(Aphis gossypii)과 꽃노랑총채벌레(Franklineilla occidentalis)에 대한 살충효과를 시험하였다. 유기농업자재는 유기재배 농가에서 직접 수집하였으며 식물추출물로는 마늘, 돼지감자, 은행잎 등의 식물추출물과 목초액, 식물오일 등 8종의 자재를 이용하였다. 해충에 대한 살충시험은 25℃, 60% 습도 조건의 곤충사육실에서 이루어졌다. 처리시험을 위해 오이절편을 페트리디쉬에 넣고 시험곤충을 접종하여 농가수집자재를 원액, 30배, 100배, 300배로 희석하여 충체 살포법으로 처리하였다. 처리 후 24시간, 36시간, 72시간 후 사충률을 조사하였다. 진딧물의 경우 100배 희석처리에서 약초액비가 75%, 유화오일이 62.5% 은행잎액비가 42.5%의 살충효과를 각각 보여주었다. 꽃노랑총채벌레에는 협죽도와 마늘이 94.7%와 88.0% 살충효과를 보여주었다.

Various plant extracts were widely used to control plant diseases and insect pests in organic farming system. This study was conducted to evaluate insecticidal activity of plant extracts against three moth in vitro. Insecticidal activity of 21 kinds of farm-made plant extracts including snowbell tree, sweet oleander leaf, sweet oleander and white cedar, collected from farmhouses were tested against diamondback moth (Plutella xypostella) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae. In addition, four plant extracts (pyrethrum flower, derris, neem and Sophora flavescens) were tested for insecticidal activity against Potato tuber moth (Phthouimaea operculella) larvae. As a result of insecticidal test on diamondback moth, insecticidal activity of pyrethrum flower extract was found to be 50% or more in diluted 100 times. The insecticidal activities against tobacco cutworm were 92.5% at snowbell tree extract, 77.5% at the sweet oleander leaf and white cedar extracts. Among the plant extracts, insecticidal activity of 300 times-diluted pyrethrum flower and derris extract was 85%, neem and Sophora flavescens extracts were similar to non-treatment. Consequently, pyrethrum flower extract and snowbell tree, sweet oleander leaf, white cedar extracts and pyrethrum flower, derris extracts for controlling diamondback moth and tobacco cutworm and potato tuber moth were selected. We think the selected organic materials can be used to control diamondback moth and tobacco cutworm, potato tuber moth under organic farmhouse condition.

많은 유기농가에서는 토양의 물리성을 개선하고 양분을 공급하는 등 다양한 목적을 위해 녹비작물을 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 녹비를 활용하여 해충을 억제하고 생물다양성을 높이는 효과를 구명하고자 하였다. 재배시험은 전북 완주군 내 국립농업과학원 유기재배 포장에서 이루어졌다. 시험 처리구에 헤어리베치를 재배하고 경운을 하지 않고 일부 녹비를 남겨둔 생물피복 상태에서 고추를 정식하였다. 고추 재배기간 헤어리베치 피복포장에 나타난 해충 등 곤충과 거미의 밀도를 비닐로 피복을 한 대조구와 비교하여 조사하였다. 시험포장의 해충을 조사한 결과, 고추의 주요 해충인 진딧물은 6월 초부터 말까지 대조구에 비해 헤어리베치 피복구에서 지속적으로 낮게 나타났다. 진딧물의 주요 천적인 무당벌레의 경우 6월 초에는 헤어리베치 피복구가 높게 나타났으나 6월 말에는 대조구에서 높은 밀도를 보여주었다.