한자가 중국에서 한국으로 전래된 후 한자의 학습과 사용을 편리하게 하기 위해 한자교육 방면의 동몽 독서물이 대량으로 정리되고 편찬되었다. 󰡔한국유학교육자료집해󰡕 제1권 󰡔동몽교 육편󰡕은 조선시대에 간행된 19종의 동몽 독본을 수록하여 조선시대 민중의 한자에 대한 인식과 문자 사용 실태를 전반적으로 이해하는 데 귀중한 자료를 제공한다. 19종의 한자 동몽 자료는 많은 이체 속자를 사용하여 중국의 한자 사용과 다른 특징을 보여준다. 총체적으로 볼 때 조선시 대 동몽 문헌에 보이는 속자는 크게 두 가지 유형이 있다. 하나는 필획의 증감, 필획의 형태 변화, 간접 부건과 기타 부건의 혼재, 부건 배치의 차이, 초서의 해서화 등의 요인으로 형성된 異寫俗字이고, 다른 하나는 조자 방법의 차이, 조자 방법은 같지만 부건이 다른 경우, 구조적 속성은 같지만 부건 수량이 다르거나 필사의 변이로 인한 구조의 차이 등의 요인으로 형성된 異構俗字이다. 조선시대 동몽 문헌의 속자 사용에서도 주목할 만한 특징이 나타난다. 예컨대 고문과 예서의 정서법을 많이 보존하고 있고, 중국 고대 속자의 변형된 정서법을 전승 및 사용하 고 있으며, 문자의 속자가 체계성을 갖추고 있는 등을 들 수 있다.

Language is the living fossil of culture and the etymological motivation of vocabulary often contains rich cultural concepts. Therefore, it would be a preferable way to explore the cultural information behind the words by examining their origins. In this article, we explore the naming rationale of ancient weapons and interpret the cultural concepts behind them. The naming rationale of ancient weapons implies the internal relationship between the creation of weapons and everything in nature, the perfect fusion of weapon shape and actual combat function, the efficient use of weapons functions and the inherent constraint of weapons. It reflects the ancients‘ artifact-making ideology of learning from nature, the substance-function thought of “the resemblance of form and identity”, the military thought of making good use of tools and the ritual thought of prohibiting violence.

Language is the carrier of a nation’s culture and contains a wealth of cultural information. The origin of a name is the reason why something is named, which is closely related to the cultural concept of people in the time when the word was created. Therefore, it is possible to explore the cultural information behind the words by examining their origins. Qi Min Yao Shu is one of the four major agricultural books of ancient China and is known as the “Encyclopedia of Agriculture in Ancient China”. We selected four typical terms in Qi Min Yao Shu, farming tools, farming actions, farming places, and water conservancy facilities, and conducted an extensive cognate word association of these terms. On this basis, we explore the characteristics of the naming rationale of these farming words and interpret the cultural concepts in them. The study finds that the naming rationale of these words reflects the ancient “agricultural-oriented” thought, which is reflected in both farming practice and emotion. Secondly, the naming rationale of these words also contains the cultural concept of the ancient people’s pursuit of the unity of heaven, earth, things and people, that is, to accurately understand and use the objective laws of heaven, earth and things. Lastly, What is more profound is the philosophical thinking of the ancient people on the relationship between man and nature, which is reflected in the naming rationale of these words, reflecting the ancient people’s feelings of reliance on and reverence for nature, and reflecting the philosophical concept of “the unity of nature and human”.

The meaning of the word Di Chu (抵觸) was first carried by the character Di (牴). Due to the changes in the structural features of the glyphs that represent meaning, Di (牴) changed its semantic symbol to get other glyph Di (觝). Afterwards, due to the continuous generalization of word meaning, Di (抵) is used to express the generalized meaning of Di Chu (抵觸). Through in-depth analysis, it can be seen that because they have the same phonetic symbol Di (氐), the three words Di (牴), Di (觝) and Di (抵) have the same etymological meaning contact. And then, the three words can be used interchangeably with each other. In the process of using the literature, Di (牴), Di (觝) and Di (抵) can be replaced by other different Chinese characters to express the same meaning of Di Chu (抵觸), such as Di (𤚃), Di (𧣎), Di (𢪔), and so on. By combing and analyzing the the relationships between this group of characters in practical use, we can see that this group of characters constitute a complete inter character relationship in practical use by changing semantic symbols, changing phonetic symbols, making errors in semantic symbols, making errors in phonetic symbols, moving the position of phonetic symbols, complicating phonetic symbols, simplifying phonetic symbols, and loaning phonetic. In the process of the evolution of Chinese characters, there will often be some changes in the shape of the characters, which brings some difficulties to our learning and research process to a certain degree. Therefore, the study of the relationships between this group of characters in practical use can provide a variety of help for the in-depth study of Chinese characters. Firstly, it can provide more abundant materials for the study of the history of Chinese characters. Then, it is beneficial to promote the process of Chinese character related research. Furthermore, it has some guiding functions for improving the collection and revision of dictionaries.

Shuowen is not only a classic of philology, but also a classic in the history of Chinese linguistics. The construction history of Shuowen’s canonization is also the history of its acceptance and dissemination. The Han and Wei dynasties are the preparation period for the canonization of Shuowen, from Tang Dynasty to early Song Dynasty is the establishment period, the song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties are the development period, the Qing Dynasty is the golden period, and the modern and contemporary times are the transformation period. The classic quality of Shuowen is the essential factor of its canonization. The influence of social environment, the promotion of political forces, the interpretation, research and care of readers in previous dynasties, and the development of printing are also important external factors of its canonization construction. Its classical construction path shows three characteristics: the instrumentality of Chinese character books, Confucian dependence and the academic nature of Chinese character theory.

There are universal misreads on the generation and parent-word of the classifier “Ke(顆)” in Chinese. We hold that the Classifier “Ke(顆)” born in the period between Qin and Han dynasties, its parent-word should be the word Guo(果)。The word Guo(果) figured fruit, expands to a measuring unit of small round thing. People start borrowing the Chinese character “Ke(顆)” to record the Classifier “Ke(顆).” Under the influence of Chu dialect, people borrowed the Chinese character “Ke(顆 )” to share responsibility for the Chinese character “Kuai(塊)” in the Han &Wei six dynasties.

The Wangmang’s Xin dynasty is the special period in Chinese history, the Wangmang’s governing philosophy and cultural awareness had great influence on both the structure and the usage of the Chinese characters. We make a comprehensive collection of these script materials. This paper has reviewed the special usage of Chinese characters during the Wangmang’s Xin dynasty from three points of view: the shapes of Chinese characters, the construction of Chinese characters, the functions and usages of Chinese character. Further, we hold the opinion that the reform of writing system was the Xin dynasty’s basic policy. And the special usage of Chinese characters during the Wangmang’s Xin Dynasty is important references for division of cultural relic and literature history into periods.