As the importance of artificial intelligence grows rapidly and emerges as a leader in technology, it is becoming an important variable in the next-generation industrial system along with the robot industry. In this study, a safety system was developed using deep learning technology to provide worker safety in a robot workplace environment. The implemented safety system has multiple cameras installed with various viewing directions to avoid blind spots caused by interference. Workers in various scenario situations were detected, and appropriate robot response scenarios were implemented according to the worker's risk level through IO communication. For human detection, the YOLO algorithm, which is widely used in object detection, was used, and a separate robot class was added and learned to compensate for the problem of misrecognizing the robot as a human. The performance of the implemented system was evaluated by operator detection performance by applying various operator scenarios, and it was confirmed that the safety system operated stably.

Distribution of airborne bacteria in the entire regions of South Korea was investigated and analyzed by region and type of multi-use facilities. At first, 10 public facilities were selected including general restaurant, retail store, public transport, retail market, apartment house, underground parking lot, financial institution, business facility, educational institution, and public toilet, which are located at the regions such as Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, Jeju, and Gangwon. The regional distribution of the floating bacteria was identified that Micrococcus sp. was highly prevalent in Seoul (21.5 percent). In Daejeon, Bacillus sp. was highly prevalent (12.4 percent). In Busan, Micrococcus sp. was highly prevalent (22.8 percent). In Gwangju, Bacillus sp. was 9.35%. In Gyeonggi, Micrococcus sp. was 13.7%, and in Gwangju and Jeju, Micrococcus sp. was 11.2 percent and 92%. All in all, Micrococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were highly detected throughout the entire region and multi-use facilities. Next, whether or not these airborne bacteria could influence the health of people was examined using HaCat human skin cell line which is human epithermal Karatinocytes related to allergic dermatitis. Among these isolated microorganisms, the HaCat cell proliferation was decreased by Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Brachybacterium sp., Brevundimonas sp., Kocuria sp., Mammaliicoccus sp., Norcardia sp., Prestia sp., Phychrobacillus sp., and Rhodococcus sp., while it was affected by the other bacteria. Therefore, these results have suggested that the airborne floating bacteria could be considered as the marker for the environmental risk management against atopic dermatitis, and it is needed for controlling the bacteria number that suppressed the proliferation of HaCat cells.

Estuary is important in terms of biodiversity because it has the characteristics of transition waters, created by the mixing of fresh- and seawater. The estuarine water circulation provides a variety of habitats with different environments by inducing gradients in the chemical and physical environment, such as water quality and river bed structure, which are ultimately the main factors influencing biological community composition. If the water circulation is interrupted, the loss of brackish areas and the interception of migration of biological communities will lead to changes in the spatial distribution of biodiversity. In this study, among the sites covered by the Estuary Aquatic Ecosystem Health Assessment, we selected study sites where changes in biodiversity can be assessed by spatial gradient from the upper reaches of the river to the lower estuarine area. The α-, γ- and β-diversity of diatom, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish communities were calculated, and they were divided into open and closed estuary data and compared to determine the trends in biodiversity variation due to estuarine circulation. As results, all communities showed higher γ-diversity at open estuary sites. The benthic macroinvertebrate community showed a clear difference between open and closed estuaries in β-diversity, consequently the estuarine transects were considered as a factor that decreases spatial heterogeneity of their diversity among sites. The biodiversity trends analyzed in this study will be used to identify estuaries with low γ- and β-diversity by community, providing a useful resource for further mornitoring and management to maintain estuarine health.

This study analyzed the relationship between the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates and habitat changes in open estuaries among the sites included in the national estuary monitoring program. The estuary survey was conducted under the “Guidelines for Investigation and Evaluation of Biometric Networks” and classified by sea area, 80 places in the East Sea, 102 places in the South Sea, and 19 places in the West Sea were investigated. In a total of 201 open estuaries, benthic macroinvertebrates were identified with 4 phyla, 9 classes, 41 orders, 139 families, 269 species and 196 species in the East Sea, 182 species in the South Sea, and 90 species in the West Sea. The highest population densities were Insecta in the East Sea, the Malacostraca in the South Sea, and the Annelida in the West Sea. Through SIMPER analysis, species contributing to the similarity of benthic macroinvertebrates communities in each sea area were identified. Some species greatly influenced the similarity of clusters. The benthic community in the East Sea was affected by the salinity, so the contribution rate of freshwater species was high. On the other hand, the benthic communities of the South and West Seas showed species compositions are influenced by the substrate composition. As results, the benthic macroinvertebrate community in Korean estuaries was impacted by salinity and substrate simultaneously, and the close relationship with geographical distance was not observed. The result of this study is expected to be used to respond to environmental changes by identifying and predicting changes in the diversity and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Korea estuaries.

치수사업에 의한 갈등 문제의 본질은 하나의 구조물을 설치하는가의 여부가 아니라 비록 100% 합의와 만족은 어렵다할지라도 서로 다른 인식과 이해관계를 가지고 있는 다양한 집단들간에 어떻게 하면 감정적 마찰 없이 상이한 인식의 폭을 좁혀서 합의형성을 이루어 내는가에 있다. 이를 위해선 반드시 고려해야 할 사항은 가능한 한 계획의 수립단계에서부터 이해당사자가 참여할 수 있는 여건이 마련되어야 한다.따라서, 본 연구에서는 치수사업을 수행함에 있어 발생되는 갈등 문제에 대해 이해당사자와 더불어 정책입안자, 전문가 및 지역단체들의 참여가 가능하도록 치수 갈등 조정 모형인 공영시각모형(SVM)과 연계하여 참여범위를 제시하고 WEB기반의 이해관계자 설문 시스템을 구축하였다. 또한 이해관계자들의 설문 결과를 반영하기 위해 상대적이탈지수(RDI) 및 AHP기법 등을 적용하여 공영시각모형의 모의 시 각각의 분석에 필요한 지수 및 가중치 등을 산정하여 적용될 수 있도록 하였다. 이에 따라 이해당사자의 참여 배제에 의해 발생되는 갈등 문제에 대해 적용될 경우 합의점 도출을 위한 시스템 적용 시 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

하수관거의 통수능 부족에 의해 발생하는 침수를 방지하는 방안으로는 우수저류시설 설치방법과 함께 우수관거를 별도로 설치하는 방법을 들 수 있다. 일반적으로 침수지역이 유역의 최종배수지점과 가까운 경우에는 우수관거의 설치가 유리하고, 반대로 최종배수지점과 먼 경우는 저류시설의 설치가 합리적일 수 있다. 그러나 우수관거의 설치나 우수저류시설의 설치가 침수저감사업으로서 경제성과 효용성이 떨어지면 사업의 타당성이 상실될 수 있다.본 연구에서는 최근 통합적 도시방재성능의 향상을 위해 적극 추진되고 있는 우수저류시설의 경제성을 고려한 적정 계획규모를 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 최근 설치되었거나 실시설계가 완료된 우수저류시설에 대하여 우수저류용량별 공사비를 조사하여 분석하는 한편, 내수침수피해지역에서의 우수저류시설 설치에 의한 비용-편익분석으로부터 우수저류시설의 적정 계획규모를 산정하였다.본 연구 결과, 우수저류시설의 설치로 인한 전국 주요 도시지역에서의 경제적 평균 편익은 약 250 억원 정도였으며, 이에 대한 우수저류시설의 저류용량은 약 41,500 ㎥인 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과는 재해연보의 과거 내수침수피해액과 실제 우수저류시설의 설치에 따른 평균 공사비를 기준으로 분석되었으므로 향후 우수저류시설를 위한 경제성 평가에 있어서 유용한 기본 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study is aimed to examine the minimum required thickness of U-shaped ribs for the laminated composite plates under in-plane uniaxial compression. 3-dimensional finite element models for the U-rib stiffened plates were setup by using ABAQUS and then a series of eigenvalue analyses were conducted. The minimum required thickness was compared by applying the orthotropic plates with the eight layer composite layups of [(0°)4]s, [(0°/90°)2]s and [(-45°/45°)2]s. There is a need to develope a simple design method to determine the minimum required thickness of U-shaped ribs, which should require more much parametric analysis results than a series of data shown in this study. This study will contribute to the future study for establishing the optimum design method of U-rib stiffened plates.