본 실험에서는 우리나라에서 널리 애용되고 있는 전통 발효식품인 김치와 젓갈류 중의 NA와 전구물질의 함량을 분석하고 인공타액 및 위액을 혼합하여 in vitro 상에서 소화시킴에 따라 이들 식품의 섭취 후 체내에서 생성될수 있는 NA의 함량을 예측하고자 하였다. 질산염은 김치에서 10.7∼24.5 ㎎/㎏, 멸치젓에서 1.5∼5.6 ㎎/㎏, 새우젓에서 1.0∼2.0 ㎎/㎏ 아질산염은 모든 시료에서 평균 0.3 ㎎/㎏이 검출되었다. DMA는 새우젓에서 함량차가 매우 커 30.3∼177.9 ㎎/㎏의 범위였고, TMA는 김치에서 0.6∼0.8 ㎎/㎏, 멸치젓에서 1.9∼2.8 ㎎/㎏, 새우젓에서는 4.4∼21.3 ㎎/㎏으로 정량되었다. NA를 분석한 결과 NDMA가 김치에서 0.8∼6.9 ㎍/㎏, 멸치젓에서 불검출∼1.2 ㎍/㎏, 새우젓에서는 불검출∼0.9 ㎍/㎏의 범위로 검출되었고, 인공소화시킨 후에는 모든 시료에서 약 1.5배 증가하였다. 각 시료에 아질산염을 첨가하여 인공소화시킨 경우 모든 시료에서 무첨가군에 비하여 아질산염의 농도에 비례하여 NDMA의 생성량이 증가하였는데, 특히 새우젓에서는 8 mM의 아질산염 첨가시 NDMA는 183배 증가하여 220.9 ㎍/㎏이 검출되었다. 인공타액에 thiocyanate를 1.6, 3.2, 6.4mM 농도로 가하여 인공소화시킨 결과 무첨가구에 비해 NDMA 생성량은 약 1.5배 증가하였고 아스코르브산을 농도별로 첨가하여 인공소화시킬 경우 NDMA 생성량은 아스코르브산의 농도와 반비례하였고 12.8 mM 첨가시 김치는 92.4%, 멸치젓과 새우젓은 각각 50.0%, 82.46%의 생성 억제 효과가 있었다.

Background : The causative organism of Astragalus membranaceus (Hwanggi) root rot disease was known as Pythophthora drechsleri. In this study, a new species of root rot causative organism has been identified and reported. Methods and Results : Hwanggi, which has root rot disease, was collected in Jungsun-gun, Gangwon-do. The diseased root was cut into 1 ㎝ size and disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 minute and washed with sterile distilled water. The dried samples were dipped in the PDA medium and cultured in at 25℃ incubator. The 21 isolates were cultured under the same conditions and genomic DNA was extracted. The genomic DNA of isolated strains was extracted using a kit of Biofact. The isolated strains were identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. The ITS region was amplied using the primer pair ITS1 (5’-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3’) and ITS4 (5’-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3’). The PCR was performed in a final volume of 50 ㎕ containing 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, each dNTP at a concentration of 0.2 mM, 1.25 IU of Taq polymerase, each primer at a concentration of 10 pmol, and 2ul of the DNA template. Sequencing was performed by asking Macrogen. The analyzed sequences were compared using the Blast program provided by NCBI. As a result of identification of 21 strains, 13 Fusarium spp., 1 Peronospora sp. (causative organism of downy mildew), 3 Acremonium spp., 3 Uncultured fungus, 1 Phyrtophthora sp.. The main pathogen of wilt disease was known as Fusarium sp., a soil-borne pathogen. After analyzing the systematic taxonomic relationships, the systematic diagram was created using the neighbor-joining method. Conclusion : We have finally identified Phytophthora cryptogea as a causative organism of Hwanggi root rot disease and will check whether the disease has occurred on the inoculation through pot test.

Background : This study was carried out to introduce Atractylodes macrocephala as a new income element in Gangwon area and to develop the technology necessary for stable quality seedling production. Methods and Results : For the production of high quality seedlings of Atractylodes macrocephala, seedling growth characteristics were investigated according to the types of plug cell size and seedling raising period. Atractylodes macrocephala seeds were sown on February 14, 2018 in 72, 105, 128, 162, and 200 plug trays. The emergence period after sowing was March 2, and the final occurrence rate was 76.6 - 79.5%. The number of days of emergence took 18 to 20 days from sowing date. Growth of seedlings tended to be better with less number of plug trays, such as seedling height, seedling width, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number. On the other hand, roots (net formation) increased rapidly as the number of plug trays increased. After 60 days, the matured seedling rate was good at 75.5 ± 8.4% for the 200 plug tray and 72.5 ± 4.1% for the 162 plug tray. The net formation ratio of matured seedling was the best in 60 days of seeding in 162 plug trays. The rooting rate was 98.0 ± 2.1 - 99.3 ± 1.2% when seeded for 60 days or more regardless of the type of plug tray. Conclusion : In order to produce efficient and stable seedlings in the cultivation of Atractylodes macrocephala in Gangwon area, it was considered to be advantageous for 60 days of seedling settling in the plug trays of more than 162 and less than 200.

약용식물은 피부와 모발을 보호하는 잠재적 기능을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있다. 수용성 호스트 β-cyclodextrin 과 약용식물의 기능성 성분들과의 복합체 형성 시 나타나는 피부와 모발에 미치는 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 기존의 연구에서 복합체 형성물의 무독성, 그리고 그람양성균과 비듬을 발생시키는 곰팡이에 대한 항균기능성을 확인하였다.본 연구에서는 약용식물의 기능성 성분을 함유한 크림이 피부의 콜라젠 생성을 유도하여 피부의 생리활성을 증대시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 기능성 성분을 함유한 헤어토닉 처리군에서 육모의 성장이 증진되었음을 생쥐를 이용한 동물실험에서 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과, 비수용성 약용성분을 수용성 β-cyclodextrin에 포접시켜 초분자 복합체 형성을 통해, 육모기능의 향상과 피부노화지연 등 부가적 화장제재로의 개발가능성을 보여주었다.

약용식물은 피부와 모발을 보호하는 잠재적 기능을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있다. 약용식물의 유용 성분들은 대부분 비수용성 약용성분들이므로 수용성 분자 담지체인 β-cyclodextrin을 이용하여 초분자 복합체를 형성시켜 기능성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 약용식물의 유용 성분이 함유된 크림, 샴푸, 바디워시, 그리고 헤어토닉은 계면활성제, 방향제, 약용식물 추출물과 β-cyclodextrin을 혼합하여 제조하였다. 복합체를 함유한 샴푸 및 바디워시에서 그람 양성균들과 비듬균으로 알려져 있는 효모에 대한 항균활성과 균 성장억제 효과를 확인하였다. HDF (human dermal fibroblast)에 대한 초분자체의 독성실험결과, 초분자체의 함량이 1 mg/mL 이하의 경우에서는 세포 독성이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 약용식물 추출물과 약용성분 초분자 복합체에 대한 세포무독성을 확인하고 항균활성을 확인함으로써 향후 기능성 화장품 제조 시 안정성과 기능성의 과학적 근거를 확보하였다고 사료된다.

The present study compares two approaches to syllabification in Harmonic Serialism (HS): one as a distinct phonological operation and the other as a non-distinct operation. According to McCarthy (2007), GEN in Harmonic Serialism is confined to a single unfaithful operation at a time. If syllabification is a non-distinct and automatic operation, it can apply in a single pass to a series of segments (McCarthy 2009). However, if syllabification is treated as a distinct and separate operation (Elfner 2009), it has to take place sequentially, each syllable generated in a separate step just like other unfaithful operations such as deletion, insertion, or feature change. By adopting the framework of HS, this study considers an interaction between tensing, a feature changing operation, and consonant cluster simplification. The findings of this study are that syllabification in HS should be a distinct operation, confirming the argument of Elfner (2009), and that HS gives a better account of opacity in tensing than OT-CC does in terms of descriptive and explanatory adequacy.

This study is to show the inadequacy of OT-based analyses of opacity, thus defending rule-based analyses. Analyses in the OT`s framework such as Two-Level Constraints, Sympathy Theory, OO- Correspondence Relation, and Local Conjunction of constraint are found to be inappropriate or costly in solving the problem of opacity in Kyungsang dialect of Korean. Post-Obstruent Tensing applies opaquely in close relation to Consonant Cluster Simplification, where violation marks for the opaque candidate and its transparent counterpart are in a proper subset relation. In such a case, any OT-based analysis suffers theoretical strictures.