작물 재비시에 가장 중요한 것은 병해충관리이다. 최근 기후변화로 인하여 병해충 발생이 증가하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 외래병해충이 유입되어 농작물 재배에 심각한 피해를 끼치고 있다. 그 중에서 다양한 식물바이러스가 창궐하여 농작물을 황폐화하고 있는데 이러한 바이러스들이 확산하는 중요한 방법으로서 곤충을 매개체로 이용한다. 본 연구에서는 퇴근 토마토농가에 심각한 피해를 끼친 토마토황화잎말림바이러스(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus; TYLCV)를 옮기는 유일한 매개충인 담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci)를 대상으로 바이러스 매개작용을 연구하였다. 분자생물학적 방법인 PCR방법으로 담배가루이의 TYLCV보독 여부를 진단하였다. 그리고 바이러스 보독에 의한 담배가루이의 습식패턴 및 행동변화를 바이러스 보독충 및 비보독충간에 비교분석하였다. 담배가루이는 TYLCV에 보독이 됨으로서 날개짓, 다리 떨기 등 몸의 움직임이 3-4배 증가했으며 또한 구침을 식물조직에 찔러 습식하는 기간이 짧고 비행빈도가 증가했다. 즉, 바이러스 보독충은 비보독충에 비해 훨씬 활동이 증가했으며 이러한 현상은 매개충에 의하여 바이러스가 전파되는데 유리한 조건이라고 판단된다.

The purpose of this article is to suggest what is the desirable direction of economic relationship between Korea and China. The economic relationship between countries is based on how the present network is. As the economic relationship between countries grows, the network between countries will expand. In the past, the economic relationship between Korea and China is cooperative one from the viewpoint of international division of labor. Korean industries was focused on the value-added and mid-advanced technology products, while Chinese was focused on the labor-intensive products. As the China's economy grows for more than thirty years, there is a great change in China's economic policies and environment. China's industry structure is moving from the labor-intensive industry to technology-oriented industry. China's exports to the global market is increasing very fast, and China's domestic market is also growing. The change in Chinese industries' structure bring about severe competition in the global market. The expanding China's domestic market is also good opportunity as the new market in the world. The change in China's industrial structure needs for Korea to establish the 'New Network" between two countries. Korea has to grab the new opportunities in the China's domestic market and find new cooperative network with the products and industries.

There are Governor Vessel(督脈), Conception Vessel(任脈), Thoroughfare Vessel(衝脈), Belt Vessel(帶脈), YIN Heel Vessel(陰蹻脈), Yang Heel Vessel(陽蹻脈), Yin Link Vessel(陰維脈) and Yang Link Vessel(陽維脈) in the category of the Eight Extra Channels. They keep the equilibrium state by controlling the unbalance between qi and blood(氣血), Yin and Yang(陰陽), and irrigate the Twelve Regular meridians(十二經脈). They are independent of the Twelve Regular meridians(channels) in running(流注), and, therefore, have their own running, and symptoms of disease. We have bibliographically studied the running, cross points, and symptoms of the Eight Extra meridians, and described the results as figures. By this study, we could confirm that the Eight Extra meridians have their own running, and symptoms of disease. We'll have to study further the application of this conclusion and the correlation between the Extra meridians(奇經) and the Regular meridians(正經).

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer within a learning period. A total of 86 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer between January 2010 and December 2011 were investigated retrospectively. The patients were sorted into the early and late group; 43 patients were included in each group. Patient’s clinicopathologic features, perioperative outcomes, morbidity, and mortality were evaluated. The two groups showed similar operative results in terms of operation time, conversion rate to open surgery (16% vs 7%, p=0.313), and the rate of postoperative complication (34.9% vs 37.2%, p=0.313). The most serious complication, anastomotic leak, developed in five and four patients in the early and late group, respectively. Hemoglobin change, which means blood loss indirectly was lower in late phase and was statistically significant (2.3g/dL vs. 1.7g/dL, p=0.007). No difference in TNM stage and number of retrieved lymph nodes (19.2±11.9 vs 18.7±12.7, p=0.847) was observed between the two groups. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer can be performed safely and effectively even during a learning period, if the operation is performed carefully.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is an infrequent malignancy in adulthood arising from mesenchymal tissues. It is often diagnosed when the tumor becomes too large, suppressing adjacent organs and causing symptoms. We report on a case of giant liposarcoma found in a 77-year-old female undergoing surgical resection.