Purpose: This study aims to identify the degree of intention to hand hygiene and hand hygiene behavior in new nurses based on education experience on infection control. Method: The participants comprised 108 new nurses working in a general hospital in S city, Korea. Data were collected from September to December, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation with SPSS 26.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in intention to hand hygiene (F=3.39, p=.021) and hand hygiene behavior (F=3.33, p=.022) depending on education experience related to infection control during undergraduate courses. Hand hygiene intention (F=4.41, p=.008) and hand hygiene behavior (F=4.13, p=.008) showed statistically significant differences depending on educational satisfaction with infection control during undergraduate courses. There were significant positive correlations between intention to hand hygiene and hand hygiene behavior (r=.21, p=.026). Conclusion: This suggests that education in infection control can reinforce intention to hand hygiene and hand hygiene behavior in new nurses.

Background: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) for Dyspnea was developed to assess multidimensional dyspnea using two subscales (experience of dyspnea and functional limitation) and a total score. Objects: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the FACIT-dyspnea 10-item short form questionnaire (FACIT-dyspnea-K). Methods: Subjects were 163 patients with cancer. Dyspnea-related scales (modified Medical Research Council scale [mMRC], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 [EORTC QLQ-C30], Hospital Anxiety and Depression [HAD], and WHO Performance Scale) were used to validate the FACIT-dyspnea-K. Results: Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.90 and 0.95 in factors 1 and 2, respectively. Convergence validity was determined by comparing the two factors and total score of the FACIT-dyspnea-K with conceptually related assessment tools measuring the physical and emotional effects of dyspnea, with which correlations ranged from 0.364 to 0.567. Criterion validity was established by significant differences in the FACITdyspnea- K score between groups when the patients were classified by performance status as assessed by the WHO performance scale. Furthermore, the FACIT-dyspnea-K showed notable correlations with other dyspnea scales (mMRC, EORTC QLQ-C30, and HAD) for cancer patients (r = 0.28 to 0.54). The test-retest reliability of the two factors and total score of the FACITdyspnea- K appeared to be excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96 to 0.97). Conclusion: This study supports FACIT-dyspnea-K as a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dyspnea experience of cancer patients in clinical settings.

The aim of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of backward gait training on the treadmill in patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Twelve patients with spastic diplegic CP participated in the study. An 8-week course of backward gait training was administered to the subjects for 3 days per week. Pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments of temporal-spatial gait parameters, the symmetry of the bilateral lower extremity weight bearing, and gross motor function were analyzed using motion analysis system, force plate, and Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM). There were significant improvements (p<.05) in the measures of both step length and right stance phase time. Joint kinematics showed increase in right hip abduction in initial contact and terminal swing, right hip external rotation and knee flexion in mid-swing, left ankle dorsiflexion in initial contact and terminal swing (p<.05). The symmetry of the bilateral lower extremity weight bearing and GMFM also significantly increased (p<.05). These findings indicate that backward gait training using a treadmill is beneficial for patients with spastic diplegic CP.

This paper reports on the semantics study regarding the words expressing ‘Space’ in Japanese. The previous studies on Japanese spatial nouns were focused on individual meanings of the vocabulary. The present study, however, sought to categorize each space to each spatial noun in order to sort spatial nouns more systematically. It was found that unlike region-reference spatial nouns, direction-reference spatial nouns could be used in both exterior region-reference and partial region-reference. Partial region-reference is classified with boundary region-reference and interior region-reference. Furthermore, in order to make theoretical frame for translating of nouns which have various meanings, we analyzed the characteristics of sentence structure of Japanese spatial noun /mae/, and proposed “ambiguity analysis rules of spatial noun /mae/. This rule is proposed under the hypothesis that the meaning of /mae/ is determined by the meaning of predicate and the property of reference. This rule also contributes to a job of translation related to ambiguities of spatial-nouns.

This paper is about the classification and systematization of Japanese spatial nouns. The three types of frame of reference proposed by Levinson (1996), classifies whole static spatial arrays in the following way: (i) Intrinsic frames of reference (not discussed here), (ii) Absolute frames of reference (not discussed here), and (iii) Relative frames of reference (discussed here). We could classify spatial nouns into two major classes; territory (dimension 2, 3)-oriented and direction (dimension 1)-oriented nouns. The territory-oriented nouns concern a territory of the reference object. The direction-oriented nouns concern the direction of a location with respect to the reference object, such as “X no migi (the right of X)”, “X no temae (in front of X)” and so on. And territoryoriented spatial nouns are further classified into three subclasses: designating internal location of the reference object (internal), designating a location apart from the reference object (external), and designating a location on shape of the reference object (boundary).

많은 나라들에서 최근 초중고생에게 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 교육을 의무적으로 실시하고 있다. 일 반적으로 컴퓨터 프로그래밍이 초중고생이 배우기 어렵기에, 게임 프로그래밍을 프로그래밍 수업에 적용해 학생들의 수업 동기와 만족도가 높아졌다는 기존 연구들이 다수 발표되었다. 우리는 중학생의 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 수업에 앱 인벤터 게임 작성을 활용하고 그 학습 효과를 분석하는 연구를 진행했다. 본 논문에서는 우리가 수업 시간에 활용했던 앱 인벤터 게임들의 명세 및 우리의 수업 모델을 기술한다. 또한 게임 프로그래밍을 활용한 프로그래밍 수업이 컴퓨팅 사고력, 창의적 사고력 및 프로그래밍에 대한 인식에 미치는 변화를 분석했다. 분석 결과, 중학생들의 이들 능력 및 긍정적 인식이 크게 개선됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 짝 학습인 하브루타(Havruta) 학습을 프로그래밍 수업에 적용해 이것이 일반 빙식에 비해 학습 성과를 높임을 알 수 있었다.