This article investigated to polymer-clay nanocomposite, especially in interfacial respect clay structure, its dispersion into polymer matrix, and clay modification is studied. The cationic exchange of surfactants with clay gallery results in preparing organo-clay capable of compatiblizing to monomer or polymer and increasing interlayer adhesion energy due to expansion of interlayer spacing. The orientation of surfactant in clay gallery is affected by chemical structure and charge density of clay, and interlayer spacing and volume is increased with alkyl chain length of surfactant, or charge density of clay. Also, the interaction between clay and polymer in preparing polymer-clay nanocomposite is explained thermodynamically. In the future, the study and development of polymer-clay nanocomposite is paid attention to the interfacial adhesion, clay dispersion within polymer, mechanism of clay intercalation or exfoliation.

The preparation of CaSO4 nanoparticle by vesicles formed spontaneously in cationic OTAC and anionic ADS mixed surfactant solution whose ratio is 0.3/0.7 is investigated. Added electrolytes for preparing nanoparticles reduce vesicle size about 200-300 nm comparing with that of pure vesicle whose size is 700-800 nm by DLS. The core of vesicles has 200 nm size and acts as nanoreactors which same size of monodisperse CaSO4 nanopaticles are formed. Although CaSO4 particles are formed at the outer of vesicles, they are very large and amorphous. The formed particles are identified with XRD analysis after separation due to coinciding with CaSO4 particles.

Self-diffusion coefficients of colloidal ass9Ciation structures in the aqueous solutions of anionic ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS) and cationic octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) surfactants were measured by pulsed-gradient spin echo NMR. The results were interpreted on the basis of the ADS/OTAC/water phase diagram. Crossing the phase boundaries, significant changes in self diffusion coefficients were observed and well correlated to the phase diagram. For the micelles their apparent radii were obtained from Stokes-Einstein equation. Their values were 15 for the ADS micelles and 54 a for the OTAC micelles, respectively. For vesicles which were formed spontaneously at different relative amounts of the surfactants and total surfactant concentrations, the radius was measured as 50 to 200 nm. This result is in fair agreement with those by TEM and light scattering.

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) at which micelles start to form from a surfactant solution is usually measured in terms of conventional concentration units. However, the thermodynamic potentials are expressed in terms of mole fraction XCMC and XCMC cannot be directly measured experimentally. The Gibbs free energy, δG*mic, in particular is related to XCMC through δG*mic = RTlnXCMC. When it comes to CMC, the molar CMC, CCMC, differs only by the proportionality C-1w with Cw being the molarity of water. Hence, CCMC is found to be a proper representation of CMC. However, in calculation of δG*mic and other thermodynamic potentials from the CMC, XCMC or CCMC/Cw should be used.

세계화가 진행됨에 따라 지구촌의 다양한 인종, 민족, 국가의 문화들이 보다 밀접하고 긴밀하게 교류하게 되었으며, 국내적으로도 다양성이 심화되면서 한국사회의 다문화현상이 가속화되고 있다. 이러한 국 내·외적인 다문화현상 속에서 본 연구는 한국사회의 다문화현상의 원인을 새로운 인구의 유입과 사회내부의 다양성 심화차원에서 규명해보고, 다문화교육의 방향으로서 다문화적 시민성 함양을 위한 다문화적 시민교육 방안을 모색하고 있다. 다문화적 시민성 함양을 위한 다문화적 시민교육의 내용은 국민국가 유지를 위한 민주적 가치에 기반 한 시민교육과 사회내부의 다양성을 반영할 수 있는 다문화교육을 기반으로 해야 한다. 여기에 한국의 독특한 다양성의 한 측면으로 이해 될 수 있는 통일에 대비한 교육도 다문화적 시민교육의 내용에 포함되어야 한다.