Large enclosure means a space of high ceiling and large floor. Designing the heating system, many thermal conditions exist, such as thermal comfort, IAQ, heating load and energy efficiency etc. The prediction of the temperature distribution is carried out according to some of the diffuser angle. The simulation conditions are 7 m high diffuser, 4/2 inlet/outlet diffusers, 39 °C discharge air temperature, and 6 m/s exit velocity. The results show that 45° diffuser provides an optimal thermal environment, and the reason is that the temperature is closed to the designed temperature 22 °C at 1.18m elevation plane. As the diffuser angle is decreased, the temperature of the upper region is increased for the thermal buoyancy effect. And the asymmetry of the temperature distribution is increased.

This study performed physicochemical characteristics and sensory tests on brown sauce with different Salicornia herbacea L. (saltwort) content to find the best brown sauce recipe with saltwort. Moisture content increased with greater saltwort extract content. There was significant (p<0.001) pH difference with saltwort content. There was also significant (p<0.001) sweetness difference in the samples and sweetness increased with greater saltwort content. Viscosity measured at 20℃ and 60℃ was significantly (p<0.001) lower with greater saltwort content. The brightness of brown sauce containing saltwort extracts significantly (p<0.001) increased with greater saltwort content and its redness and yellowness usually decreased. SPS4 with the greatest saltwort content showed the highest value of 4.25% and DPPH radical removal increased significantly (p<0.001) with greater saltwort content. In the sensory test, the color value was lowest at 4.82 with BSL1 and the flavor value was lowest at 5.00 with BSL0, the control group. The taste and the flavor values were highest with BSL2 with 2% saltwort content. Overall acceptance was highest with BSL3, the brown sauce with 3% saltwort content, at 6.09. As a result, it was concluded that the brown sauce with 3% saltwort content was most suitable. Therefore, this study concluded that saltwort with various functions could be used for food and may be used to replace salt and have other functions in brown sauce, a popular sauce consumed in Korea.

본 연구는 그동안 영화, 텔레비전, 만화, 잡지, 광고 등 각 분야에서 이루어졌던 미디어 폭력물 연구를 이용자 제작콘텐츠로 확장하고자 하는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 여러 형태의 이용자 제작콘텐츠 중 제작과 유포가 용의하고 누구나 여러 인터넷 게시판을 통해 쉽게 접근이 가능한 웹툰을 중심으로 하여, 폭력물 연구의 초석을 다지고자 내용분석을 통해 폭력성의 수위를 객관적으로 점검해보았다. 웹툰의 경우 포털사이트에서 고료를 지급받는 전문적 작가진에 의해 서비스되는 웹툰과 다양한 커뮤니티 게시판 등에서 일반 이용자들이 자유롭게 제작하고 유포하는 웹툰이 구분될 수 있어, 제작 주체 간 웹툰의 폭력성에 차이가 보일 것으로 예상하였다. 분석은 영화와 텔레비전 폭력물의 내용분석에서 사용된 PAT단위 분석을 통해 진행되었다. 분석결과, 폭력적 행위가 묘사된 웹툰은 표집 대상의 60%정도로 나타났다. 한편, 폭력 연구에서 최근 주목 받기 시작한 언어적 폭력이 웹툰에서는 물리적 폭력만큼이나 높은 빈도를 나타내는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 웹툰의 폭력성에 대한 기준이 마련되어 있지 않지만, 텔레비전의 폭력성을 연구한 기존의 연구에 비추어보아, 그 심각성이 간과할 수 없는 수준임이 밝혀졌다. 제작주체별로 웹툰의 폭력성 빈도와 강도, 맥락적 요인에서 차이점이 존재함을 확인하였다.

숏크리트는 특성상 조기체적 불안성에 노출되므로, 강섬유등의 보강재를 사용한다. 그러나 해저터널 시공을 위한 숏크리트는 지속적으로 해수에 노출되므로 강섬유는 부식의 우려가 존재한다. 따라서 부식의 우려가 없는 폴리올레핀 섬유를 강섬유와 동시에 사용하여 숏크리트용 콘크리트의 물리적 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 각 섬유의 혼입율을 달리하여 압축강도, 휨강도 및 염해저항성을 평가한 결과 폴리올레핀 섬유와 강섬유의 혼합비율은 50:50이 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

Red mud is a waste generated by the aluminium industry, and its disposal is a major problem for this industry. Red mud has a reddish-brown color and superfine particle characteristics. So, it can be a promising pigment admixture for concrete industry. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the potential use of red mud in color concrete. The micro structures of red mud and iron oxide pigment such as porosity, pore size distribution, diameter of particle were analyzed with the aid of SEM, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the infrared absorbance. Tests on physical properties of color concrete, such as strength, slump, early shrinkage crack patterns, and color characteristics were carried out and the results were reported in this paper.

Stormwater pollution is a major problem in urban areas. Pollutants like heavy metals and harmful chemicals in the runoff can endanger soil and ground water, when they are not sufficiently removed during infiltration. Strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are the major problems that must be considered if permeable pavement system are demanded to be used in a drive way application. In this study, a series of compacted porous concrete mixtures and the system of pavement are tested for the physical characteristics like compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, porosity, water permeability, and the purification capacity of contaminated water. The test results obtained indicate that the strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are strongly related to its matrix proportion and compaction energy and providing adequate filter layers underneath pavement surface course is one of the most important design considerations of permeable pavement system for pollution retention purpose.

The strength, water permeability, and photo-degradation efficiency of NOx of porous concrete with a new concept were studied in this paper. The porous concrete was comprised of coarse aggregate of maximum size 40 mm, cement, silica fume, water and air-entraining(AE) water reducing agent. The strength of porous concrete was strongly related to its matrix proportion and compaction energy. An experimental test was carried out to study the parameters of cement proportions and silica fume content for pavement applications of porous concrete which were paving a footpath, a bikeway, a parking lot, and a driveway. The regressed equations of relationships between compressive strength and flexural strength, and coefficient permeability and void ratios were indicated as y=7.69x+71.74 and y=0.42e0.28x. A method of making an air purification-functioning road, which was spraying a mixture of a photocatalyst, cement, and water onto the surface of the road, was suggested.