DOAS (Differential Optical Absorbance Spectrometry) has been designated as one of the instrumental analyses for the continuous and real time measurement of ammonia and styrene under the newly established Korean Offensive Odor Prevention Law. However, cases of odor monitoring using DOAS are very limited, as questions have been raised relating to its reliability, mainly for ambient monitoring. This paper primarily focused on the advantages and limitations of DOAS for the measurements of ammonia and styrene, with a review of the theoretical and field intercomparison studies, to address its suitability, particularly for odor monitoring purposes. However, this instrumental technique was found to be useful for real time continuous measurements of concentrations over a few ppbv, for both ammonia and styrene, and was also found to be sensitive enough for odor monitoring purposes over vast multi industrial complex regions.

Measures of radiographic pelvic and spinal parameters of sagittal balance analysis have become of considerable importance for reconstructive surgery of the spine, particularly in cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis. The authors conducted a retrospective study of clinical outcomes and a radiological review on 231 patients with one or two level degenerative spondylolisthesis. First, patients were classified using preoperative pelvic parameters and evaluations were conducted using mean values of pre- and postoperative spinopelvic parameters. Second, patients were divided into two study groups, that is, Group A (n=105; exhibited no improvement (increase or no change) in pelvic tilt postoperatively) and Group B (n=126; exhibited pelvic tilt improvement (decrease) postoperatively). Clinical outcomes in the two groups were compared using Visual Analogue Pain Scores (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). All preoperative pelvic parameters show restoration tendency after PLIF surgery for spondylolisthesis, and greater deviations of preoperative pelvic parameters from normality showed greater recovery postoperatively. VAS and ODI improvements at follow-up were poorer in group A than in group B.

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is getting popular technique as an alternative to conventional discectomy. This endoscopic surgery have many advantages such as less injury to muscle and soft tissue, less postoperative pain, and shorter operation time without general anesthesia and shortened hospitalization. We performed retrospective controlled randomized study from January 2008 to April 2015. Total 250 patients were treated by surgery (open microdiscectomy and endoscopic discectomy) during eight years. Age, sex, and operation level were not statistically significant difference about recurrent rate. Likewise, operation technique such as endoscopic discectomy or open discectomy were not statistically significant difference for recurrent rate.

Bertolotti’s syndrome is a spinal disorder characterized by abnormal enlargement of the transverse process of the most caudal lumbar vertebra. Pseudoarticulation between the transverse process of L5 and the alar of the sacrum can cause buttock pain and leg pain. A total 50 patients were selected as pure L5 transverse processectomy. The patient’s mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was 7.56±0.89 and postoperative VAS was 3.41±1.84. According to Macnab's criteria, 9 patients showed excellent results, and 27 patients showed good result, 8 patients showed fair, 2 patients showed poor results.

Bertolotti’s syndrome is a spinal disorder characterized by abnormal enlargement of the transverse process of the most caudal lumbar vertebra. Pseudoarticulation between the transverse process of L5 and the alar of the sacrum can cause buttock pain and leg pain. A total 50 patients were selected as pure L5 transverse processectomy. The patient’s mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was 7.56±0.89 and postoperative VAS was 3.41±1.84. According to Macnab's criteria, 9 patients showed excellent results, and 27 patients showed good result, 8 patients showed fair, 2 patients showed poor results.

우리나라는 국토의 70 %가 산지로 구성되어 있고 토심이 얕은 지형이 많아 토사재해 발생 위험지역이 많이 분포되어 있다. 이에 급격한 강우가 발생하게 되면 토사재해 발생 확률은 급격하게 증가하게 된다. 특히, 인구 밀집도가 높은 도심지에 토사재해 발생을 대처하지 못해 인명피해와 재산피해가 증가하지만 토사재해를 관리하는 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 기존 토사재해 거동을 해석하는 수치모의 시뮬레이터는 주로 외국기술에 의존하여 국내지형에 적용하기에는 적합하지 못한 부분이 있다. 본 연구는 도심지 대상 토사재해 해석을 수행하기 위해 천수방정식을 활용한 동수역학 기반 방정식을 유도하여 흐름 해석을 수행하였다. 실제 토석류 흐름을 잘 반영하는 흐름조건을 찾기 위해 9개의 흐름저항관계식을 적용하여 모의를 수행하였다. 모의를 검증하기 위해 Ritter solution으로 해석한 정확해와 비교하여 이상유체 거동과 비슷한 경향을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. USGS에서 Iverson(1994-2012)이 수행한 토석류 수리모형 실험 결과 값과도 비교·검증하여 실제 토석류 흐름과 비슷하게 모의를 하는지 확인하였다. 또한 상용 프로그램과 개발된 시뮬레이션을 비교하기 위하여 토석류 해석을 하는데 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 FLO-2D 수치모의 프로그램과 USGS 토석류 실험과 비교·검증을 수행하였다. 차후 정수압 가정, Non-Newtonian 유변학 모형, 추가 유입 토사 등을 고려하여 개선할 예정에 있으며, 최종적으로 토석류의 이송, 퇴적 과정을 정확히 모의하여 도심지 내 토석류로 인한 토사재해의 거동과 규모를 예측하려고 한다.

We studied clinical utility of open door laminoplasty with foraminotomy in CSM with multilevel radiculopathy. We divided into two groups; the first group underwent laminoplasty with formainotomy, and the second group underwent laminoplasty and multiple ant. approaches. In the first group, the JOA score increased from a preoperative 13.3 to postoperative 16.0 (range, 10 to 18), and in the second group from 12.8 to 15.5 (range, 10 to 18). However, the pre-operative VAS score was 6.1, 6.5 and, 2 weeks after surgery, had decreased to 2.4, 1.4, the last score was the same, 1.8, finally. The open door lami-noplasty with foraminotomy was easily performed and clinical profiles were similar to those for the laminoplasty and multi-ple anterior approach.

The principle of treatment of type 2, 3 odontoid process fracture is controversial. The debate is in regard to which is effective between conservative treatment and surgery. We enrolled 41 patients with type 2, 3 odontoid process fracture from January 2007 to December 2011 at Chosun University Hospital. Patients in Group I (GI) received a halo vest and those in Group II (GII) underwent surgery by ant. screw fixation. The bone fusion was classified according to stable bone union, fibrous union, and unstable non-union. Patients in GI received halo vest for a mean period of 4.9 months and those in GII received a neck collar for a mean period of 3.8 months. Tweleve patients in GI and 17 patients in GII had stable bone union. Three patients in GI and two patients in GII had fibrous union. Five patients in GI and two patients in GII had non-union. The halo vest was a good conservative treatment for type 2, 3 odontoid process fracture : however, low bone fusion rate is a problem in particularly old age. However, ant. screw fixation is a better treatment in regard to short surgical time, short fusion time, and high bone fusion rate.

Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare condition of adipose tissue accumulation in the epidural space. A total of 2,309 subjects from March 2011 to April 2012 were studied. We found different morphologic “variants” of dural sac compression in grade III. The trifid type, resembling the letter “Y", was the most common form. The round type and the localized mass in lateral recess were seen in other cases. Surgical decompression was performed regardless of morphologic variants in SEL grade III with neurologic symptoms. All patients recovered from neurologic symptoms. In subjects who received adequate conservative treatment, decompressive surgery could be helpful in treatment of SEL grade III with neurologic symptoms.