글루탐산은 식물의 생장과 발달에 중요한 역할을 하는 필수 아미노산의 전구체이며, 저온 보호 물질로 이어지는 생합성 경로를 자극하여 저온 피해를 줄이는 생물자극제 중 하나이 다. 본 연구에서는 저온 스트레스 조건에서 글루탐산 엽면 처 리가 배추에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 글루탐산 2가지 엽면 시비 농도(0 및 10mg·L-1)와 3가지 주/야간 온도 수준(11/－1 °C extremely low, E; 16/4°C moderately low, M; 21/9°C optimal, O)을 결합하여 6개의 처리가 수행되었다. 글루탐산 의 엽면 처리는 정식 후 10일에 1회 살포하고, 글루탐산 처리 직후 온도 처리는 최대 4일 동안 실시하였다. 처리 4일 후, ABA, PA, DPA 및 ABA-GE 함량은 M 처리에서 Glu 0 처리 보다 Glu 10 처리에서 함량이 더 높았다. Glucose 함량은 E 및 Glu 10 처리에서 가장 높은 반면(52.1mg·100g-1 dry weight), fructose 함량은 O 및 Glu 0 처리에서 함량이 가장 높았다 (134.6mg·100g-1 dry weight). GLP, GBS, 4MGBS, GNBS 및 GNS 함량은 E 및 Glu 10 처리에서 모든 처리 중 가장 높았 다(0.72, 2.05, 1.67, 9.40 및 0.85μmol·g-1 dry weight). 처리 2일 후 E 및 Glu 10 처리의 PA와 DPA함량에서 급격한 변화 를 확인하였고, 몇몇 개별 glucosinolate 함량(GLP, GBS, 4MGBS, GNBS 및 GNS)은 저온과 글루탐산 처리에 따라 유 의적 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, fructose는 glucose 대신 fructan을 에너지원으로 사용하였기 때문에 처리 4일후 E와 M처리에서 O 처리에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 보였다. 따라서, 저온과 글루탐산 엽면 처리에 따른 PA, DPA, glucose, fructose 및 개별 glucosinolate 물질들의 변이를 확 인하였지만, 저온과 글루탐산의 효과에 관한 명확한 상관관계를 평가할 수는 없었다. 배추과 작물은 호냉성 채소로서 저 온에 민감하게 반응하지 않고, 대부분 내한성을 가지고 있기 때문으로 판단된다.

가정에서 가족의 식생활을 책임지고 있는 주부들은 식품안전과 관련된 정보에 매우 민감하여 주부들에게 어떤 정보를 제공했을 때 안심하고 식품을 구매하는지를 알아보는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이 연구는 건강신념모형에서 건강행동을 촉진한다고 알려진 지각된 위협, 행동평가, 자기효능감 같은 요인들이 주부들의 실제 식품안전 인식과 행동에 얼마나 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 이루어졌 다. 본 연구는 191명의 가정주부를 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 건강신념모형의 주요변수인 지각된 이익과 지각된 장애, 자기효능감, 지각된 심각성과 지각된 개연성 그리고 식품안전 행동에 영향을 미친다고 알려진 건강지향성과 지식수준을 측정하기 위한 설문지가 사용되었다. 일반적 특성을 분석한 결과를 보면 교육수준이 높을수록 그리고 대도시에 살수록 식품안전에 대한 위협을 더 많이 느끼고 안전한 식품을 구매하려는 경향이 더 높았다. 또한 연구 변수간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과를 보면 안전한 식품에 대한 지식이 더 많을수록 그리고 건강에 대한 관심이 높을수록 상대적 이익이나 자기효능감도 높으며 그에 따라 안전한 식품을 구매하려는 경향이 높은 경향을 보였다. 한편 건강신념모형에 근거한 식품안전 행동에 대한 개념모형을 구조방정식분석으로 검증한 결과 적합한 모형 적합도를 보였으며 구매행동에 지각된 위협보다 지식수준과 상대적 이익이 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 주부가 안전한 식품을 구매하도록 돕기 위해서는 방송이나 신문 같은 공적 경로를 적극 활용하는 식품안전에 대한 정보의 지속적인 제공으로 지식수준을 높여주고 위해성 정보보다는 예방이 가능한 정보 제공으로 안전한 식품을 구매하려는 노력이 실제로 가정의 건강을 지키는데 도움이 된다는 점을 홍보해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

It is essential for medical equipment sterilization operations to prevent infections in the hospital. The low temperature plasma sterilization method using oxygenated water has the advantage of high efficiency and short time in sterilizing processes. However, a chamber which can hold constant vacuum condition without deformation is essential in the sterilizing system to apply plasma sterilization technique. In this study, therefore, the vacuum chamber is developed for 70 liter plasma sterilization device. The vacuum chamber is designed by checking the thickness, edge fillet value and rib of chamber through each simulation. And the performance of the chamber is investigated by vibrational modes and heat stress simulation. The prototype vacuum chamber is tested by experiments to verify the safety and efficiency for 0.1 Torr vacuum, and the result shows the expected vacuum level and displacement.

In this study, high thermal efficiency and eco-friendly coffee roaster is developed. The core element of coffee roaster is a roasting drum and most of the coffee roasting drum is a flat cylindrical barrel type. From the traditional shape of cereal puffing machine, we got the idea of the roasting drum. Oak barrel shape is well known high thermal efficiency system in korean heating cook system. Therefore, we designed the coffee roaster containing the oak barrel shaped drum and combustor nozzles which has an ability of roasting 3kg of coffee beans within 10 minutes of roasting time. With our developed coffee roasting machine, the heating speed of roasting process is very fast, and the roasting of coffee beans can be quickly finished. We experimented the roasting time and compared the results with other coffee roasting machines of the same amount of roasting capacity. The results were outstanding in roasting time and the quality of roasting. In spite of smaller fuel consumption, the roasting time was more shorter than flat cylindrical roasting drum.

In this study, manufacturing equipments for urushiol free raw rhus verniciflua stem(RRVS) extracts are developed which do not need for drying process and high pressure device. The three layered pressure tank and heating medium oil boiler are designed which are more efficient than the conventional ones, and the safety of the tank is assured by the structural analysis software. Finally, the RRVS extracts are prepared by water extraction technique at 100℃ using the developed equipments. In the physicochemical experiments for the RRVS extracts, an allergen such as urushiol is not detected, whereas the antioxidant such as polyphenol and flavonoid are contained.

There is a need for the development of insulation products with excellent insulation performance and durable insulation for building components. Various policies has been trying to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. The development of energy-saving building materials is also evolving as the energy saving of buildings becomes a main trend. In public and commercial buildings, reliability and beauty are emphasized with respect to the safety of buildings. The purpose of this study was to develop a manufacturing equipment and technology for the development of high airtight stainless steel insulation doors that can meet energy saving design standards of buildings.

Although excessive intake of sodium is known to cause various diseases and threaten public health and policies for reducing overconsumption of sodium are being implemented, the theoretical research on sodium intake is incomplete. This study attempted to provide a policy basis by examining whether or not planned behavior theory, which is a typical health communication theory used to describe health-related behaviors, can be applied to explain sodium intake behavior. Especially, sodium ingestion behaviors were compared using the theory of actions planned for men and women as well as young people, middle-aged, and elderly persons, who are predicted to show differences in eating habits. In this study, questionnaires were prepared to measure the daily eating habits of subjects and subordinate factors of planned behavior theory: behavioral beliefs, outcome expectations, normative beliefs, compliance motivation, and control beliefs. Questionnaires were given to 93 college students and their families. As a result of the difference analysis and path analysis of the questionnaire responses, the following suggestions were obtained. First, age difference is more obvious than sex difference in terms of low salt intentions. For example, older people are healthier than younger people in terms of eating habits and health concerns. Second, the elderly are more likely to practice the low-salt formula when they are provided information on the benefits and effects of the low-salt formula compared to younger ones. Third, systematic efforts are needed to promote a culture that emphasizes the health benefits of a low salt diet rather than providing piecemeal information on the advantages and effects of a low salt diet.

In response to requests of the global low carbon emission energy-saving building materials and due to the rapid rise in oil prices, we developed the eco-friendly PVC combined with integrated high-performance stainless steel insulated windows frame. We have made a compound chassis for windows composed of stainless and eco-friendly PVC. This compound window chassis makes the most of strong points of both materials and shows excellent insulation, airtightness and wing proofing. Heat insulating performance of the developed stainless steel insulated windows is excellent and it meet the demands for energy saving improvements and housing culture to improve the quality of life. A new beautiful appearance development can improve the performance of highly effective thermal insulation building materials and will contribute to the development of industrial competitiveness and energy-saving building technology areas.

Pico hydropower, which refers to generation under 5kW, has been adopted in many places in the world as a cost effective and reliable power supply. The turbine units are important components for pico hydropower and must be portable, simple to maintain. In this study, therefore, Turgo turbine units were developed which reported to be reliable, robust and able to operate efficiently over a range of flow rates. A 2D steady-state mathematical model was developed to calculate the performance and design the optimal geometry of Turgo runner. Also, a laboratory-scale simulator was constructed to test the operating performance and experiments were carried out to determine the effect on turbine efficiency of variation in speed and jet diameter. Under the best conditions, developed Turgo turbine efficiency was observed to be over 90% at a speed of 900rpm.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. MMP-8 has been reported to be involved in the degradation of collagen in progression of dental caries. MMP-13 was found to be expressed in both normal and caries pulp, implying its involvement in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Methods: Four extracted teeth were used. They were categorized into four grades according to caries progression. Three sections were prepared from each separated crown and root. Immunofluorescence of the FITC of the MMP-8 and 13 in coronal and radicular dentin was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results: Immunofluorescence signals that were indicative of MMP-8 were observed both in radicular and coronal dentin in the sound, C1 and C3 carious teeth. In C2 carious teeth, immunofluorescence signals that were indicative of MMP-8 were observed only in radicular dentin. Immunofluorescence signals that were indicative of MMP-13 were observed both in radicular and coronal dentin in the sound teeth. In C1, C2 and C3 carious teeth, immunofluorescence signals that were indicative of MMP-13 were not observed both in radicular and coronal dentin. Conclusion: Immunofluorescence signals revealed that MMP-8 and 13 were present in coronal and radicular dentin, and was differently expressed as caries progressed.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix.In a previous study, MMP-13 was found to be expressed in pulp implying its involvement in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Two extracted teeth were used. A sound tooth and a tooth with wide range of dental caries were used. Two sections were obtained each from isolated crown and root. Immunofluorescence of the FITC of the MMP-13 in coronal and radicular dentin was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Immunofluorescence signals that were indicative of MMP-13 were observed in coronal dentin of sound teeth and in carious teeth with a wide range of caries. Marked immunofluorescent reaction was observed in the border line of caries infected and affected coronal dentin. MMP-13 expression was not detected in the root dentin. The expressions of MMP-13 in carious dentin imply the roles of MMP-13 in caries progression.

‘Hoon’ is a traditional musical instrument known to be coming into our country in King Yejong of Koryo Dynasty. Because of the structural problem, the traditional Hoon has a limited musical range. Nowadays Hoon is played only in Confucian ritual music among Korean traditional music. Our research team have developed the improved Hoon which retains the sound of the traditional Hoon, as we can play western music as well as traditional music by this instrument. This new instrument has been tested with the traditional Hoon and Ocarina, and very promising experimental results have been obtained. The pitch of the sound of Hoon is well suited to harmonic scale, and the range of sound has been expanded while retaining timbre compared to that of the traditional Hoon.

Electric motors in electric vehicles has quite fast torque response, thus fast minor feedback loops can be applied for vehicle slip control. In this study, a model following control based slip ratio controller is suggested. This paper introduced a novel strategy of control for wheel slip in electric vehicle by computer simulations. This paper suggested that the control strategy in this paper can control the driving motor torque to drive the wheel on the slippery road surface.