This study analyzed the wake characteristics of the rim-driven propeller (RDP) used in an underwater robot. For underwater robots to perform specific missions, not only propulsion characteristics but also wake characteristics must be considered. In this study, a blade was designed based on NAC 0012 with a symmetrical cross-section. The RDP was hubless with three or four blades. The influence of both the free water surface and the bottom was considered, and the wake was measured using a particle image velocimetry in the advance ratio of 0.2 to 1. Model 1 showed symmetrical wakes in the entire advance ratio section. Model 2 showed asymmetric wakes due to the influence of the free water surface and the bottom at low advance ratio.

This paper examined farmers’ perceptions and preferences for improved varietal traits in the Wenchi and Offinso North Municipalities of Ghana. Data from 306 randomly selected tomato farmers were analyzed using perception indices, Kendall’s Coefficient of concordance and the Poisson regression model. The results show that tomato farmers are willing to adopt an improved variety with long shelf life, good fruit quality and large fruit size. The study further indicates that tomato farmers lack requisite skills in pest and disease management. The number of varietal attributes preferred by farmers was positively influenced by sex of farmer, education, experience in tomato cultivation, household size, access to credit, FBO membership, extension contacts farm size and off-farm income. These factors and attributes need to be carefully considered by breeders and policy makers in the development of an improved tomato variety to enhance its uptake. The major constraints identified in tomato production include limited access to capital followed by low commodity prices coupled with low demand with the least constraint being access to tractors for land preparation. The potential of adoption of improved tomato varieties in Ghana will be augmented through paragenetic measures towards addressing these constraints.

A field trial was conducted for two consecutive seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15), at the Gezira Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan, to evaluate the agronomic performance of fourteen early maturing soybean germplasm introduced from USA, South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Croatia, under irrigated cropping environment. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.0001) were detected among the fourteen varieties for the eight agronomic traits in 2013/14 and 2014/15. Over the two seasons, Vietnam coll. 1 had the high grain yield (945 kg/ha), followed by N04-9859 (828 kg/ha) and AGS 327 (798 kg/ ha). Days to maturity ranged from 71 to 86 days over the two seasons. In both seasons, Vietnam coll. 1 and AGS 327 had the high agronomic performance in fodder yield, plant height and height to first pod. The agronomic performance of Vietnam coll. 1 and AGS 327 provides a clear example of the adaptability of tropical soybean germplasm to irrigated environments in Sudan comparing to other temperate germplams. The relative high yield of Vietnam coll. 1 and AGS 327 can be maximized by increasing plant populations/unit area. The unique soybean germplasm from the southern US and South Korea is valuable genetics resource for soybean germplasms at Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Sudan to broaden the genetic base of the released soybean varieties through introgression of potentially useful genes for drought-related and nutritional quality traits.

This study aims to survey current chicken industry and the status of technology based on the KAFACI project on the promotion of good management for increased productivity of market oriented small scale chicken producers in Nigeria. The agricultural sector has been identified as a virile sector with varieties of opportunities for the much sought diversification of revenue base and employment generation in Nigeria despite the dominance of smallholder farmers. The chicken enterprise has being a component of the livestock industry showing increasing importance. Growing entrepreneurships for sustainable growth of the industry requires investigating the prevailing environment in market-oriented chicken production in Southwest Nigeria. This study investigated the production practices, constraints of market oriented smallholder chicken farmers. Data were generated through farm survey of 240 farmers selected by multi-stage sampling techniques from 5 out of 6 states in the Southwest. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study shows a population of famers dominated by male 76.7% and average year of education of 13.88years. Foundation stock of birds are prominently sourced from commercial hatcheries (75.8%) and reared under intensive management system (87.8%). Majority of the farmers (46.7%) are into rearing of layers, broilers and cockerels with an average stock size of 449, 157 and 158 birds respectively. Birds are fed twice daily (74.8%) on compounded ration by 95.4% of the farmers. Major production constraints are high feed cost (32.1%), shortage of capital (30.0%) and poor access to market (25.4%). However, 96.7% of the farmers considered the enterprise profitable.

농진청에서 수행하고 있는 아프리카 국제협력프로그램인KAFACI 사업의 일환으로 우간다 등 8개국에 ‘통일형 다수성벼 품종개발’ 사업을 추진하고 있다. 이를 위해 아프리카에서정상적인 생육과 수량을 나타내는 다수성 통일형 품종인 밀양23호와 아프리카의 재래종인 O. glaberrima를 이용하여 밀양23호의 유전적배경을 보유한 근동질 계통인 BC4F1을 육성하고, 약배양을 통해 유전적 고정계통을 육성하였다. 이 중 50개계통을 우간다에서 생물검정을 실시한 결과, 아프리카에서 문제시되는 Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV), Bacterial LeafStreak(BLS), 흰잎마름병 및 도열병에 복합저항성인 계통으로판명되었다. 특히 RYMV에 대한 저항성은 저항성원이 결여되어 있는 병으로 본 연구를 통해 육성한 계통들은 향후 아프리카에 적응하는 내병성 다수성 품종개발에 유용한 재료를 활용 될 것으로 생각된다.

The main objective of this paper is to sequentially analyze the major themes in rural devel-opment by taking the case studies of Pakistan and Korea using the framework proposed by Ellis andBiggs. The data presented in this paper is based on an intensive review of literature and in-depth inter-views with some key persons from different organizations in the Republic of Korea. It indicates that atthe time of independence, both countries had weak industrial base and the economy was largely depen-dent on agriculture. Agricultural development remained the main focus of Pakistan’s development poli-cies since independence; however, it was not until early 1970s when development of agriculture and ruralareas became the priority of Korean government. Though many development projects have also beenimplemented in Pakistan since its independence, inconsistent policies adopted by different politicalregimes is one of the main reasons for comparatively poor performance in agriculture and rural devel-opment sectors while the Korean government and policy makers have quickly responded to differentchallenges that emerged from time to time. It seems that Korean government is taking necessary mea-sures to diversify the rural economy through the promotion of agricultural value addition, rural tourismand improved marketing infrastructure to meet new challenges, along with the commendable efforts ofits research and extension organizations; however the response of Pakistan seems rather sluggish in thisrespect. The concluding argument is that though contextual, cultural and socio-economic differencesmay be taken into account while comparing the development history of different countries, developingcountries can learn substantially from the experiences of a developed country in some particular sector,notably in the problem solving approach, integrated strategy, agricultural value addition, strengtheningof local governments, livelihood diversification in rural areas, effective linkages between different orga-nizations and emphasis on sustainable livelihoods.

Accurate information on the genetic and phenotypic characteristics and diversity of the indigenous Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) is the basis on which their present and future sustainable utilization and conservation should be made. The paper describes the objectives, structure, functionality, content, utility and future prospects of the Country- Domestic Animal Genetic Resources Information System (DAGRIS) of ILRI. This electronic database is designed to cater for the needs of researchers, policy makers, development practitioners, eachers, students and farmers in developing countries for efficient access to available published and grey literature from past and present research results on the origin, distribution, diversity, present use and status of selected Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) of the countries. Development of the country-modules of c-DAGRIS in English and French for Anglophone and Francophone countries is finalized and ready to be used.

asically, a current sensor is consisted of ferromagnetic core, coil and magnetic sensor. To measure alternative current, 2 methods are existed. The first method is measurement of the induced elect개motive force of coil, which is wired in ferromagnetic core. The second measurement method is utilized with the magnetic sensor, such as hall effect sensor. However, those methods have some problem. This paper introduces the development of direct current sensor using magnetostriction. Principally, magnetostriction is the phenomenon of expansion of contraction when ferromagnetic core is placed in an alternating magnetic field. This induced electromagnetic induction and the direct current can be measured such as measurement of alternating current.

최근 국내외에서 역학적-경험적 설계법의 개발 및 이의 활용을 위한 각종 연구가 매우 활발하게 진행중에 있다. 미국의 경우 AASHTO 2002 설계법, 우리나라의 경우 한국형 도로포장설계법의 개발이 진행 중에 있고, 개발되는 설계법에 도로포장재료의 역학적 물성치 평가가 상당히 중요한 역할을 하도록 구성되어 있다. 따라서 설계법에 이용될 국내 아스팔트 혼합물의 재료물성의 평가가 매우 시급한 실정이다. 설계법에 이용되는 재료 물성을 평가하는 방법 중 최근에 많이 적용되는 방법이 동탄성계수 실험이다. 동탄성계수는 다양한 온도조건, 하중, 속도를 이용하여 다양한 교통조건을 반영할 수 있다. 사용된 골재의 입도, 아스팔트 바인더에 따라서 변화하며, 특히 아스팔트 혼합물의 점탄성적인 특성을 잘 묘사할 수 있는 물성치 평가방법이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 아스팔트 혼합물에 사용되는 골재의 공칭최대치수 및 입도분포와 동탄성계수와의 상관관계를 규명하는 것이다. 국내의 실험장비 조건을 고려할 때, 시편의 직경 및 높이는 100mm 및 150mm를 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 골재의 공칭최대치수가 커짐에 따라 동탄성계수가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

A mobile manipulator is a system with a robotic manipulator mounted on top of a mobile base. It has both indoor and outdoor applications for transporting or transferring materials. When a user gives commands, they are usually at high levels such as “move the object to the table,” or “tidy the room.” By intelligently decomposing these complex commands into several subtasks, the mobile manipulator can perform the tasks with a greater efficiency. One of the crucial subtasks for these commands is the pick‐and‐place task. For the mobile manipulator, selection of a good base position and orientation is essential to accomplishing this task. This paper presents an algorithm that determines one of the position and orientation of a mobile manipulator in order to complete the pickand‐ place task without human intervention. Its effectiveness are shown for a mobile manipulator with 9 degrees‐of‐freedom in simulations