This study aimed at providing fundamental information for development of governmental policy on radon management, investigated the radon levels of residential homes nationwide. It also suggested the necessity for policy development which focuses on management of the degree of harm through the installation of radon alarm devices and radon reduction consulting for homes with radon readings in excess of recommended threshold. Results showed that the radon level of the subjects of this study, 1,167 houses, was 97.3 ± 65.8 Bq/m3. Regionally, Seoul had the highest level, while Jeju had the lowest. In the first round of the investigation, the number of houses, with radon level which exceeded the recommended threshold, 148 Bq/m3, was 171. However, as a result of the radon alarm installation and radon reduction consultation, the indoor radon level of 137 households decreased to less than the recommended threshold. In the second round of the investigation, 80% of the households, the radon concentration of which exceeded the current recommended threshold in the first round, appeared to maintain their radon concentration below the recommended threshold. As a result of the communication about radon's harmfulness and the installation of the radon alarm device for recognition of harmful environments. It could be deduced from this result that the communication about harm contributes to the reduction of radon.

The objective of this study is to censure the provision of correct information to the public through investigating radon emanation by building materials that are used in domestic construction environment. Radon emanation has been identified in 10 framing materials and 16 finishing materials of 26 building materials used in the domestic construction-industry. Radon emanation was measured using the closed chamber method based on CR-39 nuclear track detectors(NTDs). On Brick-General in framing materials, the highest radon emanation rates were 0.60028 Bq/ m2·h for surface and 0.00733 Bq/kg·h for mass, while on Ceiling-Tex Cement Plaster in finishing materials. The highest radon emanation rates were 0.47708 Bq/m2·h for surface and 0.05885 Bq/kg·h for mass.

Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVB)법을 사용하여 sapphire (0001) 기판 위에 GaN 환충층을 성장하고, 그 위에 GaN 에피층을 성장하였다. GaN 완충층은 550˚C에서 약 26 nm에서 130 nm까지 각각 다른 두께로 성장하였고, GaN 에피층은 1100˚C에서 약 4 μm의 두께로 성장하였다. GaN 완충층 성장 후 atomic force microscopy (AFM)으로 표면 형상을 측정하였다. GaN 완충층의 두께가 두꺼워질수록 GaN 에피층의 표면이 매끈해지는 것을 scanning electron microscopy (SEM)으로 관찰하였다. 이것으로 GaN 에피층의 표면은 완충층의 두께와 표면 거칠기와 관계가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. GaN 에피층의 결정학적 특성을 double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXRD)와 Raman spectroscopy로 측정하였다. 성장된 GaN 에퍼층의 광학적 특성을 photoluminescence (PL)로 조사한 결과 두께가 두꺼운 완충층 위에 성장된 에퍼층의 결정성이 더 좋은 반면, 내부 잔류응력은 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 사실들로부터 완충층의 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 내부 자유에너지가 감소하여 에피층 성장시 측면성장을 도와 표면이 매끈해지고, 결정성이 좋아졌다.

This research, sponsored by the Korean Ministry of Environment in 2014, was the first epidemiological study in Korea that investigated the health impact assessment of radon exposure. Its purpose was to construct a model that calculated the annual mean cumulative radon exposure concentrations, so that reliable conclusions could be drawn from environment-control group research. Radon causes chronic lung cancer. Therefore, the long-term measurement of radon exposure concentration, over one year, is needed in order to develop a health impact assessment for radon. Hence, based on the seasonal correction model suggested by Pinel et al.(1995), a predictive model of annual mean radon concentration was developed using the year-long seasonal measurement data from the National Institute of Environmental Research, the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, the Hanyang University Outdoor Radon Concentration Observatory, and the results from a 3-month (one season) survey, which is the official test method for radon measurement designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment. In addition, a model for evaluating the effective annual dose for radon was developed, using dosimetric methods. The model took into account the predictive model for annual mean radon concentrations and the activity characteristics of the residents

Radon exhalation rates have been determined for samples of concrete, gypsum board, marble, and tile among building materials that are used in domestic construction environment. Radon emanation was measured using the closed chamber method based on CR-39 nuclear track detectors. The radon concentrations in apartments of 100 households in Seoul, Busan and Gyeonggi Provinces were measured to verify the prediction model of indoor radon concentration. The results obtained by the four samples showed the largest radon exhalation rate of 0.34314 Bq/m2·h for sample concrete. The radon concentration contribution to indoor radon in the house due to exhalation from the concrete was 31.006 ± 7.529 Bq/m3. The difference between the prediction concentration and actual measured concentration was believed to be due to the uncertainty resulting from the model implementation.

Der Syllogismus practicus, der die oft für charakteristisch für den Calvinismus gehalten wird, die Ansicht, dass die Erwählung an Wohlergehen und Wohlstand des Mensch abgelesen werden könne, bildete sich im 17. Jahrhundert heraus. Der Syllogismus practicus kommt nun ins Spiel, die Lehre nämlich, dass man aus den guten Werken, die man vollbringt, auf den eigenen Gnadenstand zurückschliessen kann. Denn diese Lehre stellt, so Weber, das entscheidende Bindeglied zwischen dem calvinistischen Berufsverständnis und der innerweltlichen Askese auf der einen und dem Kapitalismus dar. Aber diese Studie will aufzeigen, dass Calvin nirgendwo behauptet hat, dass er wirtschaftlichen Erfolg als Maßtab dafür angesehen häte, ob ein Mensch von Gott erwät ist. Die sich anschließenden Überlegungen sollen dann detailliert die eigentliche Form von Syllogismus practicus Calvins erbringen, dass Glaube und gute Werke Zeichen der Berufung Gottes sind, die Zeichen der Erwählung Gottes ist. Calvin nun hat sich streng an die Texte Luthers und Zwinglis angeschlossen, sowohl in der Terminologie als auch in den inhaltlichen Zusammenhängen. 1) Nach Luther sind die guten Werke Zeichen sind für den eigenen Glauben an Christus. Sie machen dem Gläubigen seine Erwählung gewiss. 2) Nach Zwingli führt Gottes Vorsehung zur Erwählung, die Erwählung zum Glauben und der Glaube zu guten Werken. Oder in umgekehrter Reihenfolge: Die guten Werke sind das Zeichen des Glaubens, der Glaube ist das Zeichen der Erwählung und die Erwählung Zeichen der Vorsehung. Von hier aus lässt sich begründen, dass Zwinglis Syllogismus practicus auf der Ebene der Vorsehung die Praxis des Gesetzes in gesellschaftlicher Dimension begründet.

This paper describes a method of road tracking by using a vision and laser with extracting road boundary (road lane and curb) for navigation of intelligent transport robot in structured road environments. Road boundary information plays a major role in developing such intelligent robot. For global navigation, we use a global positioning system achieved by means of a global planner and local navigation accomplished with recognizing road lane and curb which is road boundary on the road and estimating the location of lane and curb from the current robot with EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) algorithm in the road assumed that it has prior information. The complete system has been tested on the electronic vehicles which is equipped with cameras, lasers, GPS. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined laser and vision system by our approach for detecting the curb of road and lane boundary detection.