This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Cheonnyuncho (Oputia Humifusa) fruit fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 100320 (FC). The pH gradually decreased from 4.77 to 3.63 at 72 hours during fermentation. Counts of lactic acid bacteria, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH scavenging activity were the highest at 48 hours during fermentation. Evaluation of the composition of polyphenols and flavonoids of FC fermented at 48 hours by HPLC revealed hyperoside (quercetin 3-galactoside), luteolin and kaempferol were the major components. The hyperoside content of FC was decreased, while the luteolin and kaempferol contents of FC were increased compared to unfermented Cheonnyuncho (NFC). Evaluation of the anti-obesity effects of FC in 3T3L-1 cells revealed that the accumulation of triglyceride was inhibited by about 27.3% in cells treated with FC at 150 μg/mL compared to NFC. These findings indicate FC has the potential for use as an anti-obesity material.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is usually caused by foods such as wheat, egg, milk, and peanuts, leading to common health problems in early childhood with complications like urtication. The aim of this study was to evaluate ethanol extracts of rice and rice snacks concentrated until the ethanol was completely eliminated and hot-air dried. In vitro analyses were carried out using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We measured cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammatory cytokine level. The NO level of the cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly reduced by rice and rice snack extracts. TNF-α level decreased in contrast to the LPS group, although a significant difference was not observed. On the other hand, IL-6 significantly decreased in both rice and rice snack extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study suggest that rice and rice snack decreased NO and inflammatory cytokine levels. Therefore, rice could be useful as a raw material for relieving child atopic dermatitis caused by snacks made from wheat.

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of Bokbunja pudding, using various levels of Bokbunja fruit juice (140, 150, and 130 g), Bokbunja Wine (10, 20, and 20 g), gelatin (18, 17, and 16 g) and sugar (250, 200, and 150 g). In order to establish the optimal added amounts, chemical composition, saccharinity, color, texture, and sensory evaluations were conducted, and the results of various cases were analyzed and assessed. The statistical data analyses were conducted using the SPSS program. The saccharinity of the Bokbunja pudding increased with increasing amountsof added sugar. Additionally, as the amount of added Gelatin was increased, the L values (lightness) of the Bokbunja pudding decreased. Conversely, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values all decreased with decreasing levels of added gelatin and sugar. The optimal mixing condition for the Bokbunja pudding was determined via sensory evaluation. Sensory characteristics, including flavor, sweetness, texture, and overall acceptability, were highest in the type C product. The chemical composition of the type C product was as follows: moisture 71.47%, carbohydrate 24.70%, crude protein 3.83%, crude fat 0.001%, and crude ash 0.001%. According to our results, the optimum mixing ratio for the most satisfactory sensory characteristics of Bokbunja was as follows: Bokbunja fruit juice 130 g, Bokbunja Wine 20 g, Gelatin 16 g, Sugar 150 g, Bokbunja Flavor 0.3 g, and Water 400 g.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits and eating behaviors, nutrition knowledge of students in 4, 5 and 6th graders of elementary school in Jeonju Area. The subjects for questionnaire were 2,568 elementary school students (boys 1,364, girls 1,204). The results were analyzed by SPSS program, and were as follows. In anthropometric data, there were significant differences between boys and girls. In eating habits and eating behaviors, there were significant differences in the rate of 'Hasty eating habit(p<0.01)', 'Most heavy meal(p<0.01)', 'Eating when receive stress(p<0.05)', and 'Frequency of snack eating per day(p<0.01)' between boys and girls. In total scores of nutrition knowledge, there were significant differences between boys and girls. In nutrition knowledge, there were significant differences in the rate of 'Carbohydrate and fat give heat and force.(p<0.001)', 'Carbohydrate is nutrient that make muscle and blood of our body.(p<0.01)', 'Overeating of carbohydrate does not contribute gain of weight. (p<0.05)', To intake vitamin, it is good to eat fresh fruit and vegetable.(p<0.01)', 'Calcium deficiency is leading to anemia.(p<0.001)' between boys and girls. In conclusion, systematical educational programs need to be developed at elementary school. These should include information about achieving a balanced diet, good eating habit and behavior, meal management and Korean dietary culture. Also, nutritional education at home must be emphasized.

감자절편를 고농도용애에 침지하여 탈수시킨 결과 침지용액을 구성하는 용질의 분자량에 따라 탈수 형태가 다르게 나타났다. 저분자 용액 인 NaCl. PEG 400 용액에 침지만 경우 조직의 뒤틀림현상(cytorrhysis)은 나타나지 않고 부피의 감소와 수분의 탈수현상이 나타난 반면 고분자 용액인 PEG 4000, PEG 6000용액에 침지한 경우cytorrhysis 현상을 동반한 부피의 감소와 탈수현상이 나타났다. 초기 탈수속도는 저분자용액에 침지시 더 빨랐으나 최종 탈수량은 고분자 용액에 침지시 더 컸다. 고장성 용액에 감자절편을 침지시켜 탈수되는 기작이 두가지 압력(삼투압, 분자압착력)에 의해 진행된다고 가정하고 모델을 제안하여 검정한 결과 제안된 모델은 고분자 용액에 침지시의 탈수현상을 설명하는데 적합하였다 모델에서 구해진 압력인자(ΔP)와 농도인자(a)는 온도(T)와 농도(C)의 함수로 표현되며 계수의 탄력성 검정결과 농도에대한 의존성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Obesity, most often defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 caused by an imbalance between energyintake and expenditure. It is widely recognized as the largest and fastest growing public health problem in the developed anddeveloping world. Obesity results by an increase in adipose tissue mass, resulting from the multiplication of fat cells fol-lowed by adipogenesis and increased deposition of intracellular cytoplasmic triglycerides. In this study, we investigated theanti-adipogenic properties of the extracts (KEs) obtained from Kimchi (Korean traditional fermented vegetable) fermentedusing Kimchi refrigerator under different storage conditions. The intracellular lipid droplets in the differentiated adipocyteswere also measured. We observed that the KEs significantly lower the contents of cellular triglyceride and formation ofintracellular lipid droplets. These results suggested that KEs have anti-adipogenic effects and may contribute to food indus-tries in developing functional.