This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Cheonnyuncho (Oputia Humifusa) fruit fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 100320 (FC). The pH gradually decreased from 4.77 to 3.63 at 72 hours during fermentation. Counts of lactic acid bacteria, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH scavenging activity were the highest at 48 hours during fermentation. Evaluation of the composition of polyphenols and flavonoids of FC fermented at 48 hours by HPLC revealed hyperoside (quercetin 3-galactoside), luteolin and kaempferol were the major components. The hyperoside content of FC was decreased, while the luteolin and kaempferol contents of FC were increased compared to unfermented Cheonnyuncho (NFC). Evaluation of the anti-obesity effects of FC in 3T3L-1 cells revealed that the accumulation of triglyceride was inhibited by about 27.3% in cells treated with FC at 150 μg/mL compared to NFC. These findings indicate FC has the potential for use as an anti-obesity material.

The diet composition of Takifugu niphobles was studied with 587 specimens collected in the eelgrass bed of Jangpyeong-ri, Tongyeong, Korea, using a seine net, monthly from May 2016 to April 2017. The standard length (SL) of the specimens ranged from 0.7 to 9.0 cm. The stomach contents analysis indicated that T. niphobles consumed mainly amphipods (%IRI: 91.0 %). In addition, T. niphobles fed on small quantities of copepods, polychaetes, insects, bivalves and crabs. T. niphobles consumed mainly amphipods over all size class. Smaller individuals (less than 4 cm SL) fed mainly on amphipods and copepods. The proportion of copepods decreased, as body size increased, whereas the consumption of polychaetes increased gradually. The seasonal variation in the diet composition of T. niphobles was significant. Amphipods were most common prey in all seasons. Copepods decreased from summer to spring gradually whereas the consumption of polychaetes increased in autumn.

The maturation and spawning of black scraper, Thamnaconus modestus were studied using samples collected monthly from March, 2015 to February, 2016 in the coastal waters off Middle East Sea, Korea. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female was the highest in June. The spawning periods lasted from March to September based on histological observation of female gonad development. The percentage of sexually mature females estimated from a logistic function was over 50% for the size group 18.02 cm (total length, TL). The size of eggs spawned was between 0.40 to 0.58 mm. Fecundity varied between 185,648 and 9,747,250 eggs. The relationship between the fecundity and TL of the fish was expressed in the fecundity equation as F = 0.0297TL5.4835.

A study for species composition and abundance of the fish assemblages in the eastern Jinhae Bay, Korea was conducted using monthly larval collection by a RN80 net from October, 2010 to September, 2011. Of all the 45 species collected, the dominant species were Clupea pallasii, Hexagrammos otakii, Pholis fangi and Engraulis japonicus. Clupea pallasii, Hexagrammos otakii, Pholis fangi in winter and examined Engraulis japonicus, Acanthogobius sp., Parablennius yatabei, and Tridentiger trigonocephalus in summer appeared seasonally. Popoulation characteristic by stations was not clear seasonally and spatially, and appearance aspects of dominant species were similar by stations. Compared our results with other studies in the South Sea, dominant species and their appearance period were similar to their spawning period. Finally, the appearance period of the larvae in the South Sea was closely resulted to spawning period rather than the regional characteristic.

In this study, total mercury (THg) variations of Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris) eggs laid on Baengnyeongdo, West Sea of Korea were compared between within- and among clutch in order to ensure statistical representativeness of an egg sampling method. In the ANOVA analysis, the THg variation (59%) among clutches was much higher than within-clutch (27%). This means that the mercury variation of sampled eggs was significantly influenced by the mercury variation among female individuals occupying different nests. In spite of relatively smaller variation of THg in the within-clutch, the THg concentration depending on an egg-laying sequence within a clutch significantly appeared higher in the first-laid eggs rather than the second-laid eggs. Therefore, it is necessary to take one egg from one nest in order to sample more nests in terms of better sampling representativeness. Also, one egg selection from one nest should be consistently applied in order to ensure comparability of mercury concentrations among monitoring sites and monitoring years.

The feeding habits of larval (5.0~27.0 mm SL) Clupea pallasii were examined and 1,523 individuals were collected from November 2010 to March 2011 in the coastal water of Eastern Jinhae Bay, Korea. Larval C. pallasii were fed mainly on copepods that constituted 55.2% in IRI. Monogeneans were the second largest prey component, another prey items tintinnids, cladocerans and ostracoda. The results of analysis in ontogenetic changes exhibit high during the daytime, two small size classes (≤10 mm, 10~15 mm) mainly fed copepods. while the percentage of coperpods decreased, monogeneans ratio increased in 15~20 mm size class. Feeding rate in diel difference of larval C. pallasii were high during the daytime.

The feeding habits of juvenile Chaenogobius annularis were examined based on gut content analysis of 281 individuals, collected from May to June 2011 in the coastal water of Geoje, Korea. Copepods were the main source of food for C. annularis, which constituted 61.6% in IRI. Barnacle larvae was the second largest dietary component. Graphical analysis of the diet composition showed that C. annularis was a specialized predator characterized by strong individual feeding specialization. Both small and large size class of C. annularis mainly consumed harpacticoida and cirripedia cypris.

The feeding habits of yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) were studied based on the examination of stomach contents of 171 specimens collected from September 2013 to August 2014 in the tidal flat of Sangnae-ri, Suncheon, Korea. The size of A. flavimanus ranged from 10.6 to 18.3 cm in standard length (SL). A. flavimanus mainly consumed amphipods (especially Corophium sp.). Its diet also included shrimps, crabs, fishes and polychaetes. Ontogenetic changes in diet composition of A. flavimanus were evident. The portion of amphipods and polychaetes was inversely proprotional to the increase in fish size whereas it was directly proportional to the increase in the consumption of shrimps and crabs increased.

During the study periods, total 143 individuals of Lateolabrax japonicus were collected. Body length (BL) range was 2.0–11.8 cm. Empty stomach occurred in 8.4%. The most abundant prey was copepods. Among copepods, Tigriopus japonicus was the most abundant prey appeared 32.1 in %F. Next important prey was shrimps and mysids. The results of analysis in ontogenetic changes, main prey of two small size classes (2.0–3.9 cm, 4.0–5.9 cm) were copepods. Thereafter, copepods percentage was decreased, but shrimps, mysids, fishes percentage was increased by increasing body length from 8.0 cm < size class.

본 연구에서는 리더의 성격 특성-리더십 스타일-팀 애피커시의 관계를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 주요내용은 리더의 빅 파이브 성격 특성이 변혁적 리더십에 영향을 미치는가, 변혁적 리더십이 팀 애피커시에 영향을 미치는가, 그리고 리더의 빅 파이브 성격 특성과 팀 애피커시 간의 관계에서 변혁적 리더십의 매개 효과가 존재하는 가이다. 가설 검증을 위해 14개 기업, 85개 팀을 대상으로 자료를 취합하였으며, 최소자승법(OLS: Ordinary Least Squar

In situ on-axis rf magnetron sputtering 방법으로 Y1Ba2Cu4 2Ox의 비화학 양론적인 타게트를 사용하여 Tc, zero/-88.2K, δTc,<1.5K의 고온초전도 박막을 제조하고, 활성이온식각법으로 이 박막을 patterning하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 제조된 패턴은 깨끗한 경계면을 가지고 있음이 관찰되었으며, 패턴 폭이 5μm에서 2μm로 좁아짐에 따라 임계온도와 임계전류밀도의 특성저하가 나타났으나, 그 저하폭이 크지 않아 소자로서 응용하기에 충분한 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 한편 RIE방법에 의하여 미크론 이하의 선폭 제조가능성을 확인하였다.

As a part of an infrastructure project on medicinal herb-based remedies, we conducted a phytohemical investigation of the 100% MeOH extract from the aerial part of Boehmeria quelpaertense; our findings resulted in the isolation of flavonoids (1-2), isoquercitrin (1) and hyperoside (2). The identification and structural elucidation of these compounds were based on 1H-,13C-NMR, and LC ESI IT-TOF MS data. All the compounds isolated from this plant were reported for the first time. In this study, we examined the antioxidant activity of the 1 and 2 on the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in a Rat Cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2). The pretreatment of the flavonoids showed that it protects against H2O2-mediated cell death in the H9c2 cell line. Also, it decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by the flavonoids in the H2O2-treated H9c2 cell line. These results showed that the 1 and 2 are a source of antioxidants. As a result, they might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases, including myocardial infarction.