芳洲 文國鉉은 둔암-성재-순암-성호-퇴계로 이어지는 학통에서 발견되는 보수적이고 반외세적인 영향으로 일찍부터 서구세력의 동점을 경계했다. 외세에 의한 침탈을 극복하기 위한 방법으로 그가 제시한 것은 자기 수양과 함께 유학의 부흥과 후진의 양성이었다. 그의 전 생애에 걸쳐 조선에서 일어난 여러 가지 사건과 국권의 상실의 역사적 상황은 그로 하여금 그의 이념의 적극 적인 실천 보다는 세상으로부터의 도피와 은둔을 선택하게 하였다. 은둔자로 자처하던 방주는 개방적이기 보다는 보수로 삶의 방향을 결정하여 유가의 전통적인 이념을 묵수하면서 혼란한 시대에서도 本性의 유지와 심성의 함양을 통한 인간 도리의 실천 그리고 유가의 전통적인 학문 공부를 통해 미래 사회에서의 재기를 꿈꾸었다. 이 시기의 방주의 학문경향이나 문예관은 조선 500여년을 면면히 이어온 유 가적 학문･문예관을 충실히 계승하기는 하였다. 그렇지만 근대로 들어서는 시 대 상황을 고려하여 평가할 때는 역사의 변화에 순응하지 못하는 또는 동참하 지 않으려는 보수적인 유학자로서의 문예관을 고수한 인물로 평가된다.

This study, a sub-one of comprehensive research work titled under "A Evaluation System of Amenity / Disamenity Elements in Rural Villages", tried to propose a rational methodology for development of rating tabulation for evaluation of amenity / disamenity elements in rural villages. The system developed in the study has the formalized rating grades between 2 and 5 for convenience/simplification of analysis work. For each evaluation element in the lowest order of the system, 5 types of rating technique were arranged, which were based on statistical analysis using mean and standard deviation values, its existence or not, relative significance of its holding volume and quality, synthesized weight scale of its quality and quantity, and the others. And, standardized 4-steps procedure for rating tabulation was proposed. Finally, through case studies of 4 sample villages representing the flat-plain, upland, seashore and periurban rural areas, the applicability of this rating tabulation system was verified.

Usually, amenity elements coexist with disamenity elements in rural villages. Through the literature reviews and group discussion of participant research staffs in this study, a tentative classification system of amenity and disamenity elements was pro-posed with 4-tier hierachial order; for amenity, 3-7-29-76(numbers of the high, medium to low categories and elements) and 3-6-16-32 for disamenity. finally, through case studies of 4 sample villages representing the flat-plan, upland, seashore and periurban rural areas, the applicability of this classification system was verified.

Recently, Korean government has been initiating various schemes for reactivation of the marginal farmland use. However, although about ten years have passed from the introduction of the marginal farmland redevelopment projects in 1995, there have been very few research works on their systematic and objective appraisal. Therefore, this study checked the statutory concept and development schemes of the marginal farmland, firstly. Ant through case studies on 5 completed project sites and questionnaire/interview surveys on local government officers/private developers, problems and suggestions on project implementation were analysed. Finally, in consideration with analysed results and suggestions together, tentative project directions and reaction schemes on marginal farmland development were proposed.

In this study, thirteen villages in Chonnam province were selected as case study sites and the spatial distribution of the facilities in the villages was examined to provide basic information fur the establishment of rural plans. According to the questionnaire survey, various problem such as environmental pollution, position, scene, management etc. was brought owing to cattle shed, and dissension was more or less seen by scale of facilities, management of facilities and waste, regional factor(stock farming management condition, life style and attitude of inhabitants) and topographical factor (height, position physical aspect of a mountain, distance with water resources etc.) etc.. The facilities could be classified into 6 types based on the their spatial locations: 1) Type 1, facilities located at the waterside; 2) Type 2, facilities located at the entrance of village; 3) Type 3 facilities, scattered in the residential area: 4) Type 4 facilities, collectivized in village; 5) Type 5 facilities, adjoining village; and 6) Type 6 facilities, scattered irregularly inside and outside of village. Based on the classification, possible implementations for the reduction of environmental impacts were suggested. The results of this study could be used as an example of study on the distribution, classification, and rearrangement of environment-impacting facilities in rural areas for improvement of their roles in providing amenity resources.

Proper management of small rural watershed is important since it does affect water quality improvement of larger scale watershed. Therefore, effective small watershed management guideline including participatory program of local people is required to achieve water environment improvement. Feasibility of water quality goal, short and long-term watershed management plan and funding sources were investigated by field monitoring of Hampyungchun watershed which has characteristics of rural stream, and literature review. The relevant parties and their roles fer watershed management were identified and suggested. A hybrid model, that is mixture of government driven model and NGO model, is recommended for watershed management organization in this study.

The sustainable development of local communities is faced with limitation due to poor infrastructure and lack of cooperation among stake-holders. To overcome such circumstances and thus to ensure balanced development of the local communities, the central government is driving construction of innovative cities mainly through transfer of public institutions to local cities. In this study, to contribute to the development of plans for the future agropolis' associated with the transfer of public institutions, efficient organization mechanisms of the agropolis such as basic structure and spatial allocation was examined through analyses of advanced cases(Sophia Antipolis, St. Hyacinthe Science Part Food Valley, Stoneleigh Park) of foreign countries. The analyses showed that the organization of agropolis were consisted of three main components; 1) agricultural and food industry complex conducting R&D, 2) service facilities(information, trade, consulting and advertisement) supporting agricultural and food industries and rural enterprise center in charge of a variety of events including exhibition, rural experience, education, and contest, 3) silver facilities such as hospital and town providing medical service and residence. Based on the results, inventories of facilities which are necessary in 'the future agropolis' and their spatial allocation were suggested.

난태생종인 다슬기(Semisulcospira libertina libertina)와 곳체다슬기(Semisulcospira gottchei) 어미에게 여러 가지 물리 화학적 자극을 주어 출산 개시 소요 시간, 출산 유생 치패수 및 치패 출산율을 조사하였다. 곳체다슬기는 온도, 공기 노출, serotonin 및 acetylcholine 자극에 대하여 다슬기보다 더욱 민감하게 반응하였으나, 및 자극에 대하여는 두 종 모두 반응하지 않았다. 다슬기는 acety