The purpose of this study was to analyze physicochmical characteristics of oil within planting base of Incheon coastal reclamation cities where 10 years have passed since reclamation, and to provide basic data to promote growth and development of plants by conducting evaluation based on the planting degree standard. Study targets were Cheongra, Sondo, and Yeongjong districts within Incheon Free Economic Zone, the coastal reclamation city. The analysis results of average soil characteristics of 3 districts. Soil acidity(pH) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(8.85) ＞ Songdo district(8.70) ＞ Yeongjong district(7.97) and electric conductivity(EC) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(4.80 dS/m) ＞ Songdo district(1.30dS/m) ＞ and Yeongjong district(0.07 dS/m). Organic matter content(OMC) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(5.72%) ＞ Songdo district(2.60%) ＞ Yeongjong district(0.59%) and available phosphate was shown in orders of Cheongra district(70.70 mg/kg) ＞ Songdo district(23.07 mg/kg) ＞ Yeongjong district(2.49 mg/kg). K+ was shown in orders of Songdo district(0.84 cmol/kg) ＞ Cheongra district(0.74 cmol/kg) ＞ Yeongjong district(0.22 cmol/kg), Ca++ was shown in orders of Cheongra district(22.08 cmol/kg) ＞ Songdo district(9.87 cmol/kg) ＞ Yeongjong district(4.04 cmol/kg), and Mg++ was shown in orders of Cheongra district(1.98 cmol/kg) ＞ Songdo district(1.22 cmol/kg) ＞ Yeongjong district(1.12 cmol/kg). Planting base level of coastal reclaimed land can be applied with above intermediate level, soil acidity and available phosphate were all more than intermediate in 3 districts, and electric conductivity was low level in Cheongra district and more than intermediate level in Songdo and Yeongjong districts. Organic matters content was more than intermediate level in Cheongra district and low level in Songdo and Yeongjong district. K+ among exchangeable ions was intermediate level in Cheongra and Songdo districut and low in Yeongjong district. Ca++ and Mg++ both were more than imtermidiate levels in 3 districts.

Co-planar PCBs(polychlorinated biphenyls) of non-ortho are investigated in soil and ginseng on the North Gyeongbuk with HRGC/HRMS. PCB77 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0007 pgTEQ/g and 0.0009 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB81 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0113 pgTEQ/g and 0.0108 pgTEQ/g, respectively. Also PCB126 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0907 pgTEQ/g and 0.0944 pgTEQ/g, respectively. But PCB169 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju is not detected. Total Co-planar PCBs of non-ortho in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are 0.1027 pgTEQ/g and 0.1061 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB77 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0008 pgTEQ/g. Then PCB81 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0104 pgTEQ/g and 0.0112 pgTEQ/g, respectively. But PCB126 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0585 pgTEQ/g and 0.0579 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB169 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju is not detected. Total Co-planar PCBs of non-ortho in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are 0.0697 pgTEQ/g and 0.0700 pgTEQ/g, respectively. Relationship of PCBs in between soil and ginseng shown significance(R2 : 0.99).

급속한 세계화와 블록경제체제는 한 일간의 교역을 크게 확대시켜 취급품목도 경공업분야로부터 중공업분야까지 다양하게 증대되었다. 이러한 국제교역의 확대는 원활한 운송시스템을 필요하게 되었고, 특히 한 일간 기계류나 호화 요트와 같은 특수화물에 대한 운송수요로 카-훼리 국제복합운송체제가 발전하게 되었다. 카-훼리 국제복합운송은 "문전에서 문전까지"라는 하주의 욕구를 충족시켜 주지만 그로 인해 불명손해의 클레임을 야기시킨다. 본 논문의 목적은 한 일간 카-훼리 국제복합운송에 따른 불명손해의 원인과 문제점을 규명하여 합리적인 책임배분에 의한 대응방안을 모색해 한 일간 카-훼리 국제복합운송의 지속적인 발전을 도모함에 있다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the vegetation structure and ecological restoration of disturbed forest due to artificial plant. To this end, 12 plots were set up and surveyed. The result analyzed considering mean importance percentage(M.I.P) showed that the types were divided into three groups which are artificial planted forest type(three plots), natural forest-artificial planted forest type(four plots), natural forest type(five plots). Dominant proportion of artificial planted species were as follows: artificial planted forest type was over 60%, natural forest-artificial planted forest types were 14～49%. The range of Shannon's index of all associations was from 0.7131 to 0.7771(natural forest-artificial planted forest 〉natural forest 〉artificial planted forest). Also we suggested restoration method of vegetation for ecological value as follow: Control of density considering step and Remove of Pinus koraiensis seedlings of understory layer and shurb layer.

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in ginseng, the residues of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in samples on the Yeungju and Sangju are surveyed. Cd and Hg in ginseng on Yeungju and Sangju is not detected. 0.21 mg/kg of As, 0.39 mg/kg of Cr, 0.14 mg/kg of Pb, 1.83 mg/kg of Cu, 3.93 mg/kg of Zn and 0.43 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Sangju are shown. 0.25 mg/kg of Cr, 0.08 mg/kg of Pb, 1.11 mg/kg of Cu, 8.99 mg/kg of Zn and 1.15 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Yeungju are detected. As and Pb in ginseng on Sangju are 7.0% and 2.8% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level, respectively. Pb in ginseng on Yeongju are 1.6% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level. The heavy metals such as AS, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are range of 0-20% for with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) level. BHC isomer, DDT isomer and endosulfan isomer are not detected in ginseng and soil on Yeongju and Sangju, respectively. Finally, the assessment of hazardous materials of the heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in ginseng on the Youngju and Sangju are verified the safety the level compare with tolerances level for Korea

본 연구는 기존의 CFT구조, 아치구조, 프리스트레스구조를 조합을 통해 복합구조를 이루는 CFTA거더를 소개하고, 25m의 CFTA거더의 실험결과와 유한요소해석 프로그램인 Strand7을 이용하여 해석결과를 비교 분석하였다. 실험체의 정적재하실험으로 거더 중심부에서 양쪽으로 1m 이격한 거리에 58kN, 88kN, 148kN, 207kN, 298kN의 하중을 재하 하고, 발생하는 변위와 변형률을 측정하였다. 또한, 실험결과를 바탕으로 구조해석 프로그램인 Strand7로 구조안정성을 검토하고, 긴장재의 긴장력과 콘크리트의 탄성계수를 각각 20%증감하여 해석을 수행 하여 변형률과 변위값을 계산하였다. 초기 변위와 변형률은 긴장재의 긴장력의 증감에 따라 영향이 나타났으며, 추가적인 정적 하중이 재하 되었을 경우에는 콘크리트의 탄성계수만이 변위와 변형률에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인 되었다.

In this study vegetation structure was monitored focusing on slanting surface of stream for the purpose of developing a management plan and ecological restoration of small stream in Paju. The study was conducted by types of geographical structure, yearly flora, naturalization rate changes, actual vegetation changes, plant community changes. Slope area of small stream in Paju was varied in the slope range of 10∼35°. The survey results of yearly flora showed that 37 species appeared in 2000, 55 species in 2001, 95 species in 2002, and 125 species in 2003. Therefore, the trend of continuous increase of flora each year was observed. In the case of yearly changes of actual vegetation, indigenous wetland herb community including Phragmites communis(19.99%→18.42%→19.60%) did not show substantial changes in the area, while the influence of controlled flora such as Humulus scandens(8.86%→5.26%→9.73%), and Ambrosia artemisiifolia(1.06%→1.43%→6.93%) were increased. The vegetation structure investigated by 18 preset belt-transects also indicated that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were maintaining the status or decreasing the population, while the population of Humulus scandens, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Setaria viridis, and Erigeron canadensis were greatly increased. Our proposal management to restore ecology is as follows: first, preservation and restoration of Phragmites communis landscape; second, restoration of potential stream vegetation community; third, selection and removal of controlled plants.

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl and cabofuran by enzyme-inhibition method. The check time for determination of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was selected at 60 sec. The AChE activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method was 162 μmol/min/g protein. I50 for AChE by carbamate pesticide with wet kit was 0.169 mg/L of carbaryl and 0.089 mg/L of cabofuran, respectively. The incubation time for enzyme kit with substrate kit was 30min for determination of AChE activity. Enzyme kit with substrate kit was stable at 4oC and 25℃ for 5 days. Limit detection concentration of carbaryl with dry kit for AChE was 0.05 mg/L. The dry kit such as wet kit applied Enzyme-Inhibition(EI) method with AChE was confirmed the multiresidue method to detect the carbamate pesticides.

Over 7 individual rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants per a line were sowed and sampled by pooled sampling method for genomic DNA extraction. The 5,400 flanking sequence tags (FSTs) were analysed by adaptor PCR and direct sequencing. FST analysis showed that the intragenic FSTs, the intergenic FSTs, and the original insertional sequences including hot spot covered 48.1% (2,597), 25.6% (1,383), and 25% (1,350), respectively. The 2,597 intragenic FSTs were used for genotyping to determine whether they are heterozygous or homozygous, and 1,393 core lines were selected. Among them, 422 knockout genes were distributed on chromosome 3, while 56 - 157 intragenic FSTs scattered on other chromosomes. Among 1,393 FSTs, known genes such as transcription factor covered 59.4% (827), while unknown genes such as expressed protein covered 40.6% (566). RT-PCR indicated that some core lines had no expression or decreased expression level in their knockout genes. It means that core lines are very useful knockout lines for functional genomic studies.

멜라토닌(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)은 포유동물의 뇌의 송과선에서 분비되는 호르몬으로 수면과 생체 리듬 등을 조절하고 난소 기능과 번식에도 영향을 미친다. 또한, 강력한 scavenger로서 항산화제의 역할을 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 멜라토닌이 생쥐 난구세포-핵낭(germinal vesicle, GV) 시기 난자 복합체의 체외성숙에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 3주령의 ICR 암컷 생쥐의 난소에서 회수된 난자-난구세포 복합체

Recently, many vision-based navigation methods have been introduced as an intelligent robot application. However, many of these methods mainly focus on finding an image in the database corresponding to a query image. Thus, if the environment changes, for example, objects moving in the environment, a robot is unlikely to find consistent corresponding points with one of the database images. To solve these problems, we propose a novel navigation strategy which uses fast motion estimation and a practical scene recognition scheme preparing the kidnapping problem, which is defined as the problem of re-localizing a mobile robot after it is undergone an unknown motion or visual occlusion. This algorithm is based on motion estimation by a camera to plan the next movement of a robot and an efficient outlier rejection algorithm for scene recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the capability of the vision-based autonomous navigation against dynamic environments.

The purpose of the study is to find the problems related to the current state of the stand age classes and the method of calculating it defined in the existing forest type map and propose the more accurate method of calculating the stand age classes. The object for the study was selected as the forest scattered around the Geesan village Paju city in Kyunggi province. For the accurate method of calculating the stand age classes, such items as, the type of actual vegetation, establishment of grid-type standard area scaled down at the level of the 5% of the actual area, the types, number, DBH and age of tree found by the plots, were investigated. It was found out actual vegetation was divided into the total 24 types and the 20 types of them belonged to the growing tree areas. As the plots, the 125 places(unit area: 400 ㎡) were established. the types of the trees found were distributed in the range where the minimum was 1 type, the maximum was 9, the mean was 4.4±1.5, and the mode was 4 types. The number of the trees found was distributed in the range where the minimum was 17, the maximum was 125, the mean was 4.4±1.5, and the mode was 70. In the DBH, the minimum was 6 cm, the maximum was 30 cm, the mean was 13 cm and the mode was 10 cm. As the result of measuring the age of the 5 trees corresponding to the value of the mode in DBH, selected among the dominant species by the plots, less than 20 years was 17 places, the 115 places were included in the range from 21 to 30 years, and more than 31 years was the 6 places.

Emission of methyl bromide(MeBr) of soil fumigant was implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion. To determine the environmental fate for 1,3-dichloropene(1,3-D) of alternatives fumigants for MeBr, this paper researched the transformation for 1,3-D in water and soil. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in water with first-order kinetics are 9.9day and 1.7day at 25°C and 40°C, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 8.6day and 1.5day at 25°C and 40°C, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water at high temperature faster then at low temperature. Hydrolysis for 1,3-D in water are unaffected at pH 2.5∼pH 10.0, but hydrolysis for 1,3-D at pH 11.5 higher then at pH 2.5∼pH 10.0. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in soil are 11.5day and 7.7day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 9.9day and 6.9day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water increased with increasing soil moisture. Transformation for trans-1,3-D isomer are more rapid then cis-1,3-D isomer in water and soil. This research has identified that transformation for 1,3-dichloropropene are affected by temperature, pH, soil moisture, and isomer of cis and trans in water and soil.

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, the residual pesticides and heavy metals in samples on the Korea and China are surveyed. Group Ⅰ(BHC-δ, BHC-β, Fenitrothion, Penthoate, Endosulfan-α, Dieldrin, Endosulfan-β and Endosulfan-sulfate), Group Ⅱ(BHC-γ, Aldrin, DDD, DDT-p,p Permethrin and Fenvalerate), Group Ⅲ(BHC-α, Chlorpyrifos, Tolyfluanid, Captan and DDT-o,p) and Group Ⅳ(Quintozene, Vinclozolin, DDE and Chlorfenapyr) could analysed on gas chromatography-ECD for evaluation of residual pesticides. Qualified detection concentration on the GC-ECD are 0.45 ng/g～2.50 ng/g. Group Ⅰ, Group Ⅱ, Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅳ are not detected in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China. Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparat. on the Korea are 3.06%, 7.00% and 5.78% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. on the China are 5.16%, 5.33% and 6.50% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). The hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China were verified the safety of the residual heavy metals and pesticides compare with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) advisory level.

This study aims at analyzing relationships between land use and habitat types of winter wildbirds to provide basic understanding of ecosystem for preservation and restoration of urban ecosystem in the future. The research area is Hanam City. Researches on land use types showed Hanam City had 79.1% of greenspace and openspace, but intensive urban development has been taking place in greenspace that is adjacent to urban districts. This has brought the problems of lack of greenspace in urban districts and damages to cultivated areas and grassland. A total of 61 and 8,642 populations of winter wildbird species were observed in research areas. Paradoxornis webbiana(16.91), Passer montanus(11.93), Pica pica(6.88) were dominant species. When they were divided according to habitat types, 20 species of interior species, 8 species of interior-edge generalist species, 12 species of edge species and 3 species of urban species were observed. When which land use type was mostly served as wildbirds habitats was examined, urban species(3 species and 290 populations) was a dominant species in urban districts while in greenspace and openspaece, water species(19species and 3,075 populations) including winter migratory birds was. Among greenspace and openspaece, edge species was dominant in forest while urban species was a dominant species in cultivated areas. This shows there is a need to improve diversity of wildbirds through restoration of cultivated areas in the central part of Hanam City.

To obtain the safety evaluation of the ginseng, residues of heavy metals in culture environment of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju, Kyeongbuk are surveyed. The concentration for component of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju were 14.12 mg/kg and 15.74 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration for general component such as crude fiber, ash, crude lipid, crude protein, carbohydrate, of ginseng were coincided between Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Punggi were 14.24 ppb, 43.13 ppb, 8.73 ppb and 0.82 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Sangju were 19.20 ppb, 54.82 ppb, 15.90 ppb and 1.04, respectively. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the soil with culture ginseng on Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Punggi were 29.30ppb, 21.78 ppb, 1.32 ppb and 2.72 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Sangju were 3.22 ppb, 24.43 ppb, 1.44 ppb and 4.74 ppb, respectively. Also the detection concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in ginseng were also lower than the Korea Food & Drug Administration advisory level for heavy metal in herbal medicines. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the ginseng on Punggi and Sangju at Kyeongbuk, Korea.

본 연구에서는 식품의약품안전청고시에서 규제한 유기염소계 농약을 포함하여 다성분 동시분석법을 확립하였으며, 경상북도 상주지역 인삼자원의 재배토양 및 인삼 시료 중에서 유기염소계 농약의 잔류성을 검토하였다. α-BHC의 유지시간은 21.455분이었는데 이를 1.00으로 하였을때 β-BHC, δ-BHC, Quintozene, γ- BHC, Aldrin, Captan, o,p-DDE 및 α-Endosulfan의 상대적인 유지시간은 각각 1.025, 1.034, 1.038, 1.056, 1.143, 1.183, 1.199 및 1.218이었다. 또한 p,p-DDE, o,o-DDD, Dieldrin, Fenhexamid, Endrin, β- Endosulfan, o,p-DDT, o,p-DDD, p,p-DDT 및 Endosulfan-sulfate의 상대적인 유지시간은 각각 1.230, 1.242, 1.246, 1.261, 1.279, 1.283, 1.286, 1.329, 1.333, 1.338이었다. 피이크 분리가 정량분석하기에 지장이 없었으며, 따라서 19가지 유기염소계열 농약을 동시 다성분 분석 할 수 있었다. 최소검출농도는 α-BHC, Quintozene, Aldrin, Captan, α-Endosulfan, Dieldrin이 각각 0.95ng/g, 0.27ng/g, 1.04ng/g, 0.63ng/g, 0.55ng/g 및 0.62ng/g이었다. 또한 Fenhexamid, Endrin, β-Endosulfan, o,p-DDT, Endosulfan-sulfate도 각각 5.71ng/g, 0.61ng/g, 0.48 ng/g, 0.44ng/g 및 0.51ng/g이었다 상주지역의 인삼자원은 식품의약품안전청고시에서 생약의 잔류농약 허용기준으로 제시된 BHC, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin 및 DDT가 불검출되었다. 또한 재배토양에서도 불검출 되었다. 따라서 경상북도 상주 인삼 재배환경은 유기염소계 농약으로 오염되지 않았다.