佛典을 연구하는 사람들은 흔히 不立文字라고 하지만, 어찌 글자의 쓰임을 구분하지 않고 문장을 올바르게 이해할 수 있겠는가? 마음이라고 다 같은 마음은 아니다. ‘心ㆍ意ㆍ識’이 서로 다른 마음이고, 마음을 닦는다고 할 때 그 마음은 오직 하나의 마음이 아니고, ‘닦아야 할 대상이 되는 마음’, ‘닦고자 하는 주관의 마음’, ‘닦고자 목 표로 설정한 마음’, ‘닦아 나갈 때 마주하는 단계 단계의 마음’, ‘닦아서 종국에 이른 마음’ 등으로 분류할 수 있어서, 불전에서 자주 사용되는 ‘心ㆍ意ㆍ識’이나 ‘不覺ㆍ本 覺ㆍ始覺ㆍ相似覺ㆍ隨分覺ㆍ究竟覺’ 등의 용어를 분명히 나누어 알면, 佛典뿐만 아니 라 한자로 쓰인 문장을 이해하는 데 크게 도움이 된다. 이에 佛典에서 자주 쓰이는 ‘보다’類의 動詞로 ‘見ㆍ看ㆍ觀’과 ‘示ㆍ視’ 등에 관해 본고에서는 ‘示ㆍ視’를 ‘見ㆍ看ㆍ觀’과 비교하는 방법으로 살펴보아 아래의 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, ‘示ㆍ視’는 色境을 앞에 내놓고 보여주거나, 色境이 앞에 놓여있어서 그냥 시각적으로 받아들이는 것이지만, ‘見ㆍ看ㆍ觀’은 시각 행위의 주체가 시신경에 들어온 사물을 과거의 경험이나 혹은 사회적 배경 등 의도를 가지고 바라보는 것이 라 할 수 있다. 둘째, ‘示’는 ‘대상을 드러내 보이다’라는 의미이다. ‘視’는 보이는 대상이 먼저 주어진 다음에 보는 것으로, ‘見’이 보려는 의도를 가지고 본 후 그 결과를 지식으로 삼는 것인 반면, ‘視’는 色境이 놓여있어서 본다는 의미가 강하다고 할 수 있다.

In this paper, the hybrid prefabricated retrofit method that improve structural performance and reduce construction period was developed by using a finite element analysis. The hybrid prefabricated retrofit method consist of a Z-shaped side plate, a L-shaped lower plate, and a bottom plate containing an steel plate with openings. This shape has advantage that a retrofit method is possible regardless of the size of the beams and a follow-up process such as reinforcement bars placing are not required. The finite element analysis of hybrid Prefabricated retrofit method showed the most ideal stress distribution when the thickness of bottom plate was 10mm, the thickness of the L-shaped lower plate was 5mm, the thickness of the Z-shaped side plate was 2.5mm, and the bolt spacing was 200mm. The bending strength equation of Hybrid prefabricated retrofit method was proposed through the plastic stress distribution method in KDS 41 31 00. The result of Comparison the proposed equation with the finite element analysis, it is determined that the design of hybrid prefabricated retrofit method is possible through the KDS 41 31 00.

우리나라는 세계적인 해운국이자 수산국임에도 불구하고, 최근 선원의 인권 침해에 대한 문제가 지속적으로 조사·보도되고 있다. 특히, 이주 어선원들의 인 권침해 문제는 심각한 수준이다. 국제연합의 인신매매방지의정서 상의 인신매매의 정의는 한국 사회에서 일반적으로 생각하는 ‘사람을 물건처럼 사고파는 것’과는 개념이 다르다. 인신매 매방지의정서 상의 개념은 사기, 강박, 피해자의 지위나 환경 등을 이용하여 성 이나 노동력 등을 착취하는 것을 인신매매로 보고 있다. 현재 이주어선원들의 인권침해 보고서 상에 있는 사례의 수준이라면, 우리나라는 인신매매의 경로국 이자 종착지이다. 미국은 인신매매예방을 위하여 매년 인신매매보고서를 발간하고 있으며, 전 세계 191개국을 조사·평가하여 등급을 정하고 인신매매예방 활동이 취약한 국 가를 3등급으로 지정하여 경제적 제재조치를 가하고 있다. 우리나라는 1등급 국가이지만, 매 년 어선원 문제의 개선에 대해서 지적을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이에 대한 실질적인 개선조치가 없다면 언제든지 2등급 국가로 떨어질 수 있기 때문에 이 분야의 종사자들은 경각심을 가져야 한다. 이 논문에서는 인신매매에 대한 개념을 이해하고 미국의 인신매매방지 활동 등을 살펴보고 우리나라가 이주 어선원들에 대한 인권침해 예방을 위하여 개선 하여야 할 사항 등을 제안하고자 한다. 선원인권침해예방을 위해서는 정부의 실질적인 규제활동과 선원행정집행 공무원들의 교육·훈련이 필요하다.

PURPOSES : Over the years, the concentration of fine dust is gradually increasing, thereby aggravating the seriousness of the situation. Accordingly, this study intends to install a clean road system using low impact development (LID) techniques on the roadside in order to reduce the scattering of dust on roads effectively. This system stores rainwater collected through gutters in rainy weather and sprays water onto the pavement surface to reduce the scattering of road dust. METHODS : The developed clean road system consists of a water tank, controller, rain detection sensor, and solar cell. Based on this, a test-bed construction was used to evaluate its applicability. By applying the developed system, actual applicability was evaluated through total suspended solid (TSS) test and fine dust measurement. TSS test was conducted to measure the reduction rate of scattering dust on the road owing to the water injected by the clean road system. A spray nozzle was used for the TSS test, and a nebulization nozzle was used for the measurement of fine dust. In order to increase the reliability of the test, three measurements were taken each, for normal road as well as unfavorable conditions road that reproduced the construction site. RESULTS : In this study, fine dust concentration measurement and TSS test were conducted to evaluate the practical applicability of the developed clean road system. From the TSS test, it was found that for both general roads and roads depicting bad conditions, the TSS value after the first spray was the highest, and the value after the second spray was sharply reduced, such that most of the re-dispersed dust was washed out after the first spray, and similar TSS value results were obtained after the third spray. Based on this result, the result of fine dust measurement showed similar fine dust reduction effect of 9%-15.9% regardless of the concentration of fine dust in the atmosphere. These results indicate that the concentration of fine dust in the atmosphere does not significantly affect of the degree of reduction in fine dust. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, a clean road system for reducing fine dust on the road was developed and its applicability was evaluated. In a future study, we intend to check the performance of the drainage pavement through performance evaluation of water permeability coefficient test and performance test in the form of drainage pavement. Through this, we intend to evaluate the applicability of the clean road system to which drainage pavement is applied. Moreover, we will develop a clean road system that applies drainage packaging, and analyzes the degree of fine dust reduction according to the spray angle, spray amount, and spray time of the clean road system in order to study the spray system with the optimum amount of fine dust reduction. In addition, in order to reduce fine dust in the winter, when fine dust is mainly generated, it is planned to install heating wires in spray pipes where freezing is expected. Lastly, the black ice prevention effect will be analyzed by mixing a certain amount of sodium chloride when spraying water.

PURPOSES : This study deals with a pressure relief joint, which is one of primary preventive methods of blow-up in concrete pavement. The purpose of the study is to estimate the joint sealant protrusion of pressure relief joint filler types according to horizontal displacement of concrete pavement by applying a variety of joint sealants and joint fillers. And test method for resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration and test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing were conducted to analyze the improvement of concrete durability according to the primer types on concrete surface of stress relief joint. METHODS : Joint fillers of pressure relief joint were categorized into four different types, which are was styrofoam+backer+sealant(type 1), styrofoam+sealant(type 2), foaming styrofoam+sealant(type 3), and preformed joint+sealant(type 4). By varying the depth (10, 20, 30, 50 mm) from the top of the test specimens to the sealant’s surface, the test factors were evaluated for a total of 16 variables. When the specimen’s joint spacing decreased from 70mm to 10mm, the load was stopped. And the displacement of the center of the joint protrusion was measured. The test was terminated when the specimen joint spacing was reduced to 60 mm. The horizontal displacement at the time when the joint protrudes over the specimen surface is recorded and analyzed as the critical threshold displacement. RESULTS : According to the test results according to the type of joint filling material, it was found that there was a difference in the protrusion of the horizontal compression displacement according to the joint filling type. Under the current installation standard of 20mm, the preformed seal joint member showed the best crimping characteristics by securing the safety against protrusion until the horizontal displacement of 50mm occurred. CONCLUSIONS : The most common failures in pressure relief joints are those related to joint sealants, which can be minimized by changing the current joint type, installation depth, etc. to suppress them.

This paper introduces the new concept of a gripper mechanism mounted on the home cleaning robot. This new mechanism composed of two grippers and an auxiliary dustpan can tidy and load up objects. We additionally analyze the required motor torque and dynamic motion of this robot using dynamic simulation of Recurdyn. This new tidying gripper mechanism is expected to be used in various home cleaning applications.