This study was designed to determine the effects of different widths in the base of support (BOS) on trunk and lower extremity muscle activation during upper extremity exercise. Twenty-seven healthy male subjects volunteered for this study. Exercises were performed for a total of 10 trials with a load of 10 repetitions maximum (10 RM) for each of the various widths of BOS (10 cm, 32 cm, 45 cm). The width of a BOS is the distance between each medial malleoli when a subject was in a comfortable standing position. Electromyography was used to determine muscle activation. Surface bipolar electrodes were applied over the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, upper rectus abdominis, and elector spinae muscle. Electromyographic (EMG) root mean square (RMS) signal intensity was normalized to 5 seconds of EMG obtained with a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The data were analyzed by atwo-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated-measures () and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the width of the BOS (p=.006). (2) The post hoc test showed significant differences with the BOS between 10 cm and 32 cm, between 10 cm and 45 cm and between 32 cm and 35 cm (p=.008, p=.003, p=.011). (3) There was no interaction with the BOS and muscle. (p=.438) There were no significant differences in the muscle activation (p=.215).

In most tissues, apoptosis plays a pivotal role in normal development and in regulation of cell number. Therefore inappropriate apoptosis is revealed in a variety of diseases. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of acupuncture and needle electrode electrical stimulation on the change of caspase-3, 9 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactive cells in the sprague dawley rats (SD rat). In immobilized SD rats (n=5), enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression were detected in the reticular part of substantia nigra, and enhanced nNOS was detected in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (DL-PAG) of midbrain and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus using immunohistochemistry. Following the immobilization, acupuncture (n=5) and needle electrode electrical stimulation (n=5, 2 Hz) was applied at Hg (LI4) acupoint of SD rats, respectively. The stress-induced enhancement in the expression of caspase-3, 9 and nNOS were The present results demonstrate that and needle electrode electrical stimulation are effective in the modulation of expression of caspase-3, 9 and nNOS induced by immobilization.

본 연구는 하퇴의지 착용자와 정상 성인간의 시간-거리, 운동형상학 변수를 조사하고 비교하기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 외상으로 인한 하퇴 절단자로서 내골격식 하퇴의지를 착용하고 독립적으로 보행이 가능한 20명과 연령, 신장으로 짝짓기한 대조군(matched control group) 20명이 참여하였다. 보행분석은 Vicon Clinical Manager Software (VCM)를 내장한 PC에 5개의 카메라가 연결되어 있는 Vicon 512

이 연구는 성인 편마비 환자를 대상으로 PLS (Posterior Leaf Spring) 착용이 기립 균형에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 신발만 착용하였을 때의 기립조건과 신발과 PLS를 동시에 착용한 기립조건의 평균평형지수가 맨발로 서 있을 때의 기립조건에 비하여 높았다. 그러나 신발만 착용한 기립조건과 신발과 PLS를 함께 착용한 기립조건하에서의 평균평형지수의 차이는 없었다. 따라서 편마비 환자의 기립균형과 관련하여 PLS만을 착용한 효과와 신

The purpose of this study was to compare the static pressure, dynamic pressure, dynamic pressure-time integral, relative impulse, and contact time between the sound lower limb and amputated lower limb in trans-tibial amputee subjects using Parotec system. Seventeen trans-tibial amputee subjects wearing endoskeletal trans-tibial prosthesis voluntarily participated in this study. The results were as follows: 1) In static standing condition, there were significantly higher static pressure in sound lower limb insole sensor of 10, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 9, 12, and 16 (p<.05). 2) In dynamic gait condition, there were significantly higher dynamic pressure in sound lower limb insole sensor of 2, 18, 22, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 16 (p<.05). 3) In dynamic gait condition, there were significantly higher pressure-time integral in sound lower limb insole sensor of 2, 4, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 5, 11, 12, and 15 (p<.05). 4) In dynamic gait condition, there were significantly higher relative impulse in sound lower limb insole sensor of 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15 (p<.05). 5) In dynamic gait condition, there was significantly higher percentage of contact time in push off phase of sound lower limb and in support phase of amputated lower limb (p<.05). These results suggest that trans-tibial amputee subjects had characteristics of shortened push off phase due to unutilized forefoot and of lengthened support phase with higher pressure in the midfoot.

Physical therapists should under stand motor control models and apply various models to evaluation and treatment of neurologically impaired patients. Thus, this paper reviews motor control models and applications in clinical settings. Assumptions and limitations of reflex models, hierarchical models, and systems models are presented. This paper also delineates goals and dissatisfaction of neurologic rehabilitation approaches for neurologically impaired patients. Muscle reeducation approach, neurotherapeutic facilitation approach, and contemporary task-oriented approach are explained.

Despite research to treat delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), no effective treatment has been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a hold-relax technique and cryotherapy on DOMS. Thirty-three subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, hold-relax technique, or hold-relax technique and cryotherapy. DOMS was induced in the non-dominant biceps muscle through repeated eccentric contractions. Resting elbow joint position, flexion and extension (universal goniometer), pain (Visual Analogue Scale; VAS), and WBC count (blood analysis) were measured one hour before DOMS was induced and 24, 48, and 72 hours after DOMS was induced. The data were analyzed by repeated measure of two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to a resting elbow joint position, there were significant differences over time, especially at 24, 48 hours after DOMS was induced compared with resting elbow joint position before DOMS was induced. 2) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to range of flexion, there were significant differences between range of flexion before DOMS was induced and range of flexion 72 hours after DOMS was induced. 3) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to range of extension. 4) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to VAS, there were significant differences over time in different hours. 5) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to WBC count. 6) There were no interactions between groups or over time in all variables. This results suggested that hold-relax technique and cryotherapy were not effective to reduce DOMS.

연구목적 이 연구의 목적은 피로유발수축후 장딴지근과 가자미근의 근전도 power spectrum 중앙경항치를 비교 검사하는 것이다. 실험대상 열 여섯명의 자원자(남자 10, 여자 6)를 대상으로 하였다. 남자 대상자의 연령범위는 25세에서 33세(평균 )였고 여자 대상자의 연령범위는 26세에서 31세()였다. 실험방법 실험대상자는 피로유발수축전후 50% 최대등척성근수축을 수행하였다. 자료수집과 분석을 위해 LabVIEW 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. 결과 t