This study was conducted to be used as basic data of environmental friendly construction planning by comparing and analyzing thermal environment, find particles and biotope area rate according to land cover types of outside space of schools located in Chung-ju. When meteorological factors were analyzed according to land cover types, for temperature planting area and paved area showed low-and high-temperature ranges, respectively, and relative humidity was negatively related with temperature as low-and high-temperature ranges corresponded to high-and low-humidity ranges, respectively. For Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index (WBGT) by land cover types, it was observed to be artificial grass> bare land> natural grass. Find particles were different according to land cover types of playground with being bare land> artificial grass> natural grass in the order. Bare land playground, where there were artificial factors and no absorption of fine particles through stomata of leaves as a function of natural circulation, recorded the highest level of 39.8 ㎍/㎥ and the level was relatively higher compared to the levels by season in Chung-ju. Biotope area rate showed the order of M elementary school> K elementary school> C commercial high school. That was considered to be caused by the difference of land cover type of school playground accounting for a large part of a school.

The objectives of this study were to compare growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed and soil characteristics as affected by difference of soil thickness and mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plants in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module system that was made by woody materials for 500×500×300mm. Soil mixture ratio were three types for perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=6:2:2(v/v/v, P6P2L2), perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=5:3:2(v/v/v, P5P3L2) and perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=4:4:2(v/v/v, P4P4L2 ). On June 2006, Pllioblastus pygmaed were planted directly in a green roof module system in rows. All treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replication. The results are summarized below. In term of soil characteristics, Soil acidity and electric conductivity was measured in pH 6.0∼6.6 and 0.12dS/m∼0.19dS/m, respectively. Organic matter and exchangeable cations desorption fell in the order: P4P4L2> P5P3L2> P6P2L2. P6P2L2 had higher levels of the total solid phase and liquid phase, and P4P4L2 had gas phase for three phases of soil in the 15cm and 25cm soil thickness. Although Pllioblastus pygmaed was possibled soil thickness 15cm, there was a trend towards increased soil thickness with increased leaf length, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents in 25cm. The growth response of Pllioblastus pygmaed had fine and sustain condition in order to P6P2L2 = P5P3L2 > P4P4L2. However, The results of this study suggested that plants grown under P4P4L2 appear a higher density ground covering than plants grown under P6P2L2. Collectively, our data emphasize that soil thickness for growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed were greater than soil mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system.

This study focused on the characteristics of change soil water with respect to soil thickness and soil mixture ratio, in order to effectively carry out an afforestation system for a roof with a low level of management and a light weight. Soil hardness tended to increase as sand particle was increase regardless soil thickness and soil porosity had more higher artificial soil than natural soil mixture. In case of soil pH, natural soil mixture had between 6.7 and 7.4, and artificial soil mixture had 6.0∼6.8. Organic matter, electrical conductance and exchangeable content were highest in L10, which it had the highest leafmold ratio. Soil moisture tension(kPa) in 15cm soil thickness was observed natural soil mixture had a considerable change but artificial soil mixture had a gradual change when non-rainfall kept on. In the experimental L10, S10, S7L3 and S5L5 object, the amount of moisture tended to rapidly decrease. However, in the experimental P7P1L2, P6P2L2, P5P3L2 and P4P4L2 objects, which contained pearlite and peat moss, the amount of moisture tended to gradually decrease. As a result, the use of a artificial soil mixture soil seems to be required for the afforestation of a roof for a low level of management.

This study attempted to facilitate various groundcover plants, related to phytoremediation material, and advance shade plants with a heavy metal tolerance to contaminated soil in an urban shade space. Saxifraga stolonifera, which has commonly been used a landscape shade plants, was evaluated to determine its heavy metal tolerance to different concentrations(Control, 100mg․kg-1, 250mg․kg-1and 500mg․kg-1 treatment) of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil. The growth of Saxifraga stolonifera showed no significant tendency after the initial transplantation, but showed distinct changes with the respective treatment heavy metal types and concentrations over time. Especially, severe chlorosis, with more yellowish green leaves, was observed, with inhibition at Cd concentrations greater than 100mg․kg-1. Conversely, no external symptoms or growth retardation were observed with Pb and Zn concentrations less than 500mg․kg-1. Therefore, Saxifraga stolonifera can be applied as a long term phytoremediation species in soil contaminated with low concentrations of heavy metal in urban shade spaces.

The purpose of this study is to grasp what characterizes the vegetation base of the natural forest as a latent vegetation in the middle region of Korea and thus to offer basic data when improving the vegetation base in the middle region being built or to be built in the future. The findings of this soil section survey show the following: The soil is brown to red color soil group on the whole. In addition, the soil’s physical features like soil hardness are rated as high level, which results from the fact that the forest soil exits in its natural form under less influence of stamping. The pH of soil shows a weak acidity, like Korean normal soil. Specific electrical conductance is also rated as middle to high level in accordance with the standards of landscape architecture. The Salix koreensis community and the Pinus rigida community are different from other communities in terms of total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable K+ content. Specifically, the two communities are opposed to each other in terms of total nitrogen and available phosphate, while being similar to each other in terms of available phosphate and exchangeable K+ content. This seems to result from the fact that they are located near each other. In addition, the two communities are characterized by the fact that they are distributed at the altitude mean relatively lowest and in the valley. To sum up, the forest soil around Goesan Gun is of middle level on the whole according to the landscape standards, when judging it in terms of vegetation base. Accordingly, it seems that the construction of the vegetation base around Goesan Gun will not require large investment expenses for soil improvement. Also, it seems that the spatial scope of research is needed to expand the basic data on the construction of the vegetation base for the whole middle region of Korea.

본 연구는 다양한 옥상의 환경조건을 감안해 볼 때 지속적인 생장과 생존이 가능한 범위 내의 토양 토심 및 토양배합비에 따른 토양수분변화를 검토함으로써 현재 일률적으로 규정되어 있는 토심을 줄여 하중을 줄이고, 최소한의 관수만으로도 적정수준의 생육에 필요한 토양층 조성을 도출하고자 하였다. 또한 순비기나무 생육에 효과적인 관리방법과 토양조건의 조합형을 탐색제안함으로써 설계 및 시공관리기술의 개발에 필요한 기초자료와 정책에 반영할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 대체적으로 모든 실험구에서 토양수분함량이 점점 감소하는 경향을 보이다가 관수를 포함한 강우 시 수분함량이 올라갔으며, S10, S7L3, S5L5 실험구의 경우에는 강우 후 수분함량이 급격히 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이에 비해 피트모스와 펄라이트가 포함된 P7P1L2, P6P2L2, P5P3L2, P4P4L2 실험구는 완만하게 감소하여 저관리를 위한 옥상에서의 인공토양 사용은 불가피할 것으로 판단된다. 인공토양을 이용한 적정토심 및 토양 배합비는 관수시점 및 강우와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 판단되며, 7㎝ 토심의 경우 잦은 수분관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 15㎝ 실험구의 14일 무관수에서도 충분히 순비기나무가 생육한 점과 P6P2L2 이상의 피트모스 배합비에서 왕성한 생육이 이루어진 점에서 미루어 볼 때 15일 이상의 저관리에 필요한 인공토양의 배합비는 펄라이트 피트모스 부엽토가 6:2:2, 5:3:2, 4:4:2가 될 것으로 판단된다. 다만, 펄라이트가 많이 배합된 토양에서는 토양이 물을 흡입하는 힘인 토양수분장력(kPa)이 높은 수치로 올라가 추후 순비기나무가 활발히 성장할 수 있는 수분장력의 범위를 설정하는데 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다. 토심 및 토양배합비에 따른 순비기나무의 광합성특성을 살펴보면 수분함량이 적은 7㎝ 실험구에서는 거의 이루어지지 않았으며, 15cm나 25㎝ 실험구 중 인공토양이 배합된 곳에서 활발하게 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 통계적으로 살펴볼 때 수분함량이 1%씩 증가할 때 광합성률은 2.82%씩 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 99%의 유의수준을 보였다. 추후 연구에서는 순비기나무의 생육에 필요한 최소한의 수분함량을 판단하고 그에 따른 토양토심별 적정 관수시점을 찾아내 저관리 옥상녹화와 더불어 식물소재 개발에 이바지 하고자 한다. 또한 순비기나무 이외에 옥상녹화에 적합한 목본을 선정하고, 도시열섬현상 완화 효과를 규명하며, 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 중부지역에 알맞은 저관리형 옥상녹화시스템을 구축하고자 하는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

As air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing urban environmental concerns, many studies have investigated the influence of air pollutants(ex: O3, NO2, SO2, Acid rain, etc.) on roadside trees and urban grove. In Korea, population density started to increase since the industrialization. Since dense population aggravates our living conditions, it's very important for us to preserve and keep a lively and refreshing nature in order to live with green nature in harmony under the current artificial environment-dominating world. In metropolitan cities, the production of pollutants increases in proportion to population growth. The vehicle exhaust gas and air pollutants from cooling and heating systems have been the major causes of acid rain. Furthermore, tire particles which are naturally produced by tire wearing on roads and other toxic substances in exhaust gas have caused a problem in human health directly and indirectly. In fact, a lot of studies have analyzed air pollution, roadside trees and plants in Korea. However, they are mostly limited to covering the influence of air pollution on the growth of plants. No paper has clearly explained why air pollution-resistant or-vulnerable species has shown different reactions yet. Even though a lot of urban roadside trees have died or stopped to grow from time to time, this kind of problem has not been properly examined. This paper is aimed to comparatively analyze physio-ecological characteristic such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, soil volume water figure out their relationship with environmental factors against the expanding roadside trees in Cheong-ju, and provide basic data for management of roadside trees and elaboration of urban environment preservation policies.

자기장은 인간과 동식물에서의 생리적 과정 변화에 영향을 주고 있다. 이것은 자기장이 세포, 분자, 원자와 원자핵에까지 영향을 미쳐 생물체의 활성화에 반응하도록 유발시키는 것이다. 특히 N극은 세포의 활성화를 촉진시켜 현재 한의학과 대체의학에서 치료제로 이용되고 있다.이에 본 연구는 활성화에 영향을 주는 자기장의 N극을 이용하여 덩굴 식물생육을 촉진시켜 조기 녹화 및 선재배를 위한 용기제작을 목적으로 본 실험을 진행하였다. 또한 자기장의 세기에 대하여 도입 가능한 자석의 세기를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구결과 중자기장(1,200G)이 초장과 엽수, 근장, 건물률에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보여주며 가장 왕성한 생육을 한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 자기장이 길이 생장과 엽수의 증가는 피복도를 높일 수 있어 덩굴식물에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 실험결과 생장뿐만 아니라 건물률도 높게 나타나 충실한 생장을 한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 실험에서 고온의 여름철 중자기장의 실험구에서 엽수의 고사율이 적은 것도 이러한 충실도가 높기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같이 자기장으로 인한 덩굴식물의 초장과 엽수의 생육 촉진은 피복시간을 단축시키며 피복율을 높일 수 있는 효과적인 방안이 될 수 있을 것이다. 이는 플랜터 형태의 선재배 방식에 활용하여 덩굴식물의 조기 출하를 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 덩굴식물 식재에 있어서도 제한된 인공지반 및 용기에서 덩굴 식물 생육촉진을 위한 방안으로 자기장의 도입이 가능할 것이며 이는 적은 비용으로 지속적인 생육촉진 효과를 볼 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 수종과 장소 등의 한계가 있었으나 공시식물 모두에서 동일한 결과를 얻어 자기장이 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 덩굴식물의 생육촉진 방안으로 자기장의 활용가능성을 마련하였다. 그러나 추후 자기장과 식물 생리에 관한 구체적인 상호 작용 원리에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.