오탁방지막이 바닷물 속에 설치되어 있을 때 조류와 파도가 변할 때 움직임과 앵커 파주력을 초과하는 유체력이 작용할 경우의 이동 메카니즘을 질량-스프링법으로 해석하였다. 설치 위치는 전남 진도군 임회면 굴포리 동령개 포구 해역이다. 앵커의 파주력을 초과하는 장력은 0.05 m/s에서는 318초 후에 도달하였고, 0.15 m/s에서는 77초, 0.25 m/s에서는 43초, 0.3 m/s에서는 37초 후에 앵커가 움직이기 시작하여, 조류 속도가 0.01 m/s로 증가함에 따라서 평균 11.2 초 정도, 앵커 이동시작 시간이 단축되고 있었다. 조류만 작용할 때와 파랑이 추가될 때의 차이점은 유속이 느릴 경우, 앵커의 이동이 시작되는 시간의 차이가 7.6 % 정도 발생하였으나, 유속이 빠른 경우는 4.3 %미만으로 큰 차이가 없이 앵커 이동이 시작되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 조류 속도가 0.13 m/s를 초과하고 파도의 방향이 일치하면 주변의 해저 구조물과의 충돌로 인해 오탁방지막 성능이 정상적으로 작동하지 않을 수 있으니, 오탁방지막을 바다에 설치할 때 해수의 흐름 상황 등을 질량-스프링 방법으로 면밀하게 검토해야 한다.

Stable production of green manure crop is one of the critical factor for successful implementation of environmental-friendly agriculture in South Korea. Most green manure crops including hairy vetch cultivated in South Korea must be passed cold winter season. This study was conducted to establishment of cultivation zones on green manure crops under paddy field in South Korea using on minimum temperature and drainage class. In order to build the spatial distribution map, hairy vetch, triticale, barley, rye, and clover as green manure crop were selected and mean of daily minimum temperature and drainage class in paddy field were considered as limiting factor for stable growth of green manure crop. And cultivation zone on green manure crops was divided into two categories; ‘Availability area’ and ‘Safety area’. Low limit temperature on green manure crops in this study was the following. Temperature on ‘Availability area’ was –10℃, –8℃, –6℃, and –20℃ for hairy vetch (including triticale), barley, clover, and rye respectively. And temperature on ‘Safety area’ was lower –2℃ compared to that of ‘Availability area’ exception rye which was the same degree. Rye was expected to safely cultivated the almost whole paddy field (99.71%) of South Korea. ‘Safety area’ among the whole paddy field for hairy vetch, barley, and clover were 86.58, 53.06, and 15.76% respectively. The spatial distribution map of green manure crops reestablished in this study could be used the policy and agricultural management for environmental-friendly agriculture using green manure crops in South Korea.

The use of functional markers, it is expected to make direct identification about genetic diversity at DNA level and overcome the problem of recombination /linkage. These markers can be used to identify interesting alleles in a breeding program and indirectly select for the trait, saving money, time and labor. Bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzaepv. Oryzae is a destructive disease in rice production worldwide. No bactericide is effective to control the bacterial blight disease yet. Xa3, which is a gene conferring resistance to BB of the rice plant has been previously characterized by map-based cloning. We have cloned and sequenced the Xa3/xa3 gene in Korean cultivar, Hwayoung, Ilmi and Goun with gene specific primers. Our work detected polymorphisms and PCR-based allele specific SNP markers were developed. Susceptible or resistant individuals from an F2 population developed from across between Milyang244 and Ilmi, Korean germplasms and near isogenic lines carrying BB resistance genes were screened with allele specific markers. We found that the genotype completely matched their phenotype to BB using ASP-primers. These markers could be effective to marker-assisted selection for the Xa3 gene in rice breeding programs.

The green rice leafhopper (GRH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler, is one of the most serious insect pests affecting cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in temperate regions of East Asia. To understand the genetic basis of the GRH resistance, a F2 population derived from across between a highly resistant variety,Cheongnam and a susceptible variety, Junambyeo was analyzed by genetic analysis and association mapping. GRH resistance was evaluated using the F2 populations. The results showed that a single dominant gene in Cheongnam. DNA from 22 F2 individuals being either resistant or susceptible were pooled to produce bulk resistant and bulk susceptible DNA samples. Parents and bulks were screened with 192 SSR markers and twolinked SSRmarker, RM6082 and RM20145 were identified.Subsequent mapping in the original mapping population showed that thelocusis flanked by the SSR markers, RM20130 and RM20152 on chromosome 6. To physically map this locus, the-linked markers were landed on the artificial chromosome clones of the reference cv., Nipponbare, released by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. The DNA markers found to be closely linked to Grh3 would be useful for marker-assisted selection for the improvement of resistance to GRH in rice.

Amylose content of rice endosperm is one of the determinants of rice eating quality. This study was conducted to elucidate the mode of inheritance of dull gene in Milyang262, tentatively designated as du7(t), and to identify the molecular marker for du7(t) to be employed in marker-assisted breeding and gene pyramiding. Genetic analysis was carried out on F2 population derived from a cross between Junam and Milyang262. The low amylose content of Milyang262 was indicated to be under single recessive control. Allelism tests were as well conducted by crossing Milyang262 with Baegjinju and Baegokchal, which harbor du1 and wx gene, respectively. du7(t) was demonstrated to be inherited independently to du1 and wx. F2 population of Baegokchal/Milyang262 was used for molecular mapping. Linkage analysis was conducted on a population consisted of 120 individuals by several SSR markers. Initial mapping indicated that du7(t) is located on the end of long arm of chromosome 6 between SSR marker RM20590 and RM3509. To fine map the gene, a bigger population and several additional markers were employed. du7(t) was further mapped to a 1.74 Mb region between two SSR markers (RM6926 and RM412). Furthermore, we indentified three SSR markers that co-segregated with du(t) i.e. RM6811, RM3765, and RM176.

고령화 사회로 접어들면서 만성 신부전증 환자는 증가되고 있으며, 저단백질 식품에 대한 수요도 증가되고 있다. 중국173/주남벼 재조합 집단을 이용하여 저Glutelin 고품질 벼 품종개발의 육종효율 증진을 위해 DNA마커의 이용성을 검토하였으며, 밥맛향상을 위해 미질관련 형질들과 상관분석을 수행하였다. 중국173호/주남벼 재조합 집단에서 SDS PAGE결과 얻어진 저Glutelin 표현형과 functional DNA marker의 유전자형이 일치하여 DNA marker를 이용한 선발이 가능함을 확인하였다. 밥맛향상을 위해 미질관련 형질들과 상관분석을 수행한 결과, 윤기값과 Amylose 함량은 유의한 부의 상관을 나타내었으며, 단백질 함량은 윤기값에 많은 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면, 단백질 조성에 따른 저Glutelin 계통군과 정상계통군의 비교에서 저Glutelin 계통군은 정상군에 비해 유의하게 윤기값이 낮았으며, 저Glutelin-저Amylose 계통군과 정상계통군은 대등한 윤기값을 유지하였다. 따라서 고품질 저Glutelin 품종개발을 위해 저Amylose 유전자의 활용이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다. 이들 분석결과와 주요 농업적 특성을 고려하여 저Glutelin-저Amylose인 유망계통 밀양262호를 육성하였으며, 금후 고품질 저Glutelin 품종개발에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type (39.2~% ) and highest for erect type (75.8~% ) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at 5~% level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the non plant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.

Momilactones A and B, the major phytotoxins and phytoalexins in rice plants, were quantified by a HPLC-APCI-MS-MS (APCI-MS-MS) system under multiple reaction monitoring conditions. Since MA and MB were found to be easily extracted with water, these phytotoxic compounds may affect germination and growth of other plant species when the rice straws were left in the fields.

Oryzalexine A, a potent growth inhibitor against several weeds such as Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop., and Amaranthus lividus L. was purified by conventional solvent partitioning and column chromatographies. This substance showed strong inhibitory activity on several weeds: Germination of seeds of Poa annua L. was inhibited by 36.5 % at 1.0 mM and Amaranthus lividus L. by 56.1% at 2.5mM. Growth of root and shoot of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. by 10.2% and 22.4% at 2.5mM, respectively. These suggest that Oryzalexine A in rice straw might affect the germination and growth of susceptible weeds and other plants.