This paper explores the potential application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the construction industry, as CNTs can effectively serve as nano-fillers, bridging the voids and holes in cement structures. However, the limited dispersibility of CNTs in water necessitates the use of dispersing agents for achieving uniform dispersion. In this study, two kinds of cement superplasticizers, polycarboxylate ether (PCE) and sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) were employed as dispersing agents to improve the interfacial affinity between CNTs and cement, and to enhance the strength of the cement nanocomposites. Contact angle experiments revealed that the utilization of PCE and SNF effectively addressed the interface issues between CNTs and cement. As a result, the cement nanocomposite with a CNT to PCE ratio of 1:2 exhibited an approximately 6.6% increase in compressive strength (73.05 MPa), while the CNT:SNF 1:2 cement composite showed a 4.7% increase (71.72 MPa) compared to plain cement (68.52 MPa). In addition, the rate of crack generation in cement nanocomposites with CNTs and dispersing agents was found to be slower than that of plain cement. The resulting cement nanocomposites, characterized by enhanced strength and durability, can be utilized as safer materials in the construction industry.

Soybean proteins are widely used for human and animal feeds worldwide. The use of soybean protein has been expanded in the food industry due to their excellent nutritional benefits. But, antinutritional and allergenic factors are present in the raw mature soybean. P34 protein, referred as Gly m Bd 30K, has been identified as a predominant immunodominant allergen. The objective of this research is to identify the genetic mode of P34 protein for the improvement of soybean cultivar with a very low level of P34 protein. Two F2 populations were developed from the cross of "Pungsannamulkong" x PI567476 and "Gaechuck2ho" x PI567476 (very low level of P34 protein). Relative amount of P34 protein was observed by Western blot analysis. The observed data for the progeny of "Pungsannamulkong" and PI567476 were 133 seeds with normal content of P34 protein and 35 seeds with very low level of P34 protein (X2=1.157, P=0.20-0.30). For the progeny of "Gaechuck#1" and PI567476, the observed data were 177 seeds with normal content of P34 protein and 73 seeds with very low level of P34 protein (X2=2.353, P=0.10-0.20). From pooled data, observed data were 310 seeds with normal content of P34 protein and 108 seeds with very low level of P34 protein (X2=0.156, P=0.50-0.70). The segregation ratio (3:1) and the Chi-square value obtained from the two populations suggested that P34 protein in mature soybean seed is controlled by a single major gene. Single gene inheritance of P34 protein was confirmed in 32 F2 derived lines in F3 seeds, which were germinated from the low level of P34 protein obtained from the cross of "Pungsannamulkong" and PI567476. These results may provide valuable information to breed for new soybean line with low level of P34 protein and identification of molecular markers linked to P34 locus.

dlm allele controlling disease lesion mimic trait is useful in basic research aimed at better understanding disease hypersensitive response and programmed cell death in soybean. Inheritance between dlm trait and any morphological trait, position of dlm allele on classical linkage group, molecular marker linked to dlm allele were not reported. Two populations [T255 (lf2lf2DlmDlm) x T363 (Lf2Lf2dlmdlm), T363 (dlmdlmp1p1) x T43 (DlmDlmP1P1)] were made to find independent assortment or linkage between dlm locus and lf2 or between dlm locus and P1 locus. The segregation ratios of 3 : 1 were observed in the F2 population and the Chi-square values strongly suggested that the disease lesion mimic and seven-leaflet trait was controlled by a single recessive gene. Glabrousness trait was controlled by a single dominant gene. Segregation ratios of 48 Lf2_Dlm_: 30 Lf2_dlmdlm: 21 lf2f2Dlm_ : 8 lf2lf2dlmdlm based on F2 phenotype showed that dlm allele was inherited independently with the lf2 allele controlling seven-leaflet trait in soybean. However, more F2 plants will be needed to confirm this result. Also, segregation ratios of 137 P1_Dlm_: 46 P1_dlmdlm: 49 p1p1Dlm_ : 16 p1p1dlmdlm from F2 phenotype confirmed strongly that dlm allele was inherited independently with the P1 allele controlling glabrous trait in soybean. This results indicate that dlm allele will not located in soybean classical linkage group 2 (molecular linkage group K) and soybean classical linkage group 16. This observation will helpful to attempt to position the Dlm locus on the soybean molecular linkage map.

Leaf chlorophyll-deficient mutants controlled by y9 locus have been observed frequently and are useful in genetic stud-y9 locus. A mapping population con-sisting of 94 F2 progeny was derived from a cross between normal green leaf Clark (Y9 ) and chlorophy