We study galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping in the Virgo cluster to examine whether we can identify any discernible trend in their star formation activity. We first use 48 galaxies undergoing different stages of stripping based on Hi morphology, Hi deficiency, and relative extent to the stellar disk, from the VIVA survey. We then employ a new scheme for galaxy classification which combines Hi mass fractions and locations in projected phase space, resulting in a new sample of 365 galaxies. We utilize a variety of star formation tracers, which include g - r, WISE [3.4]-[12] colors, and starburstiness that are defined by stellar mass and star formation rates to compare the star formation activity of galaxies at different stripping stages. We find no clear evidence for enhancement in the integrated star formation activity of galaxies undergoing early to active stripping. We are instead able to capture the overall quenching of star formation activity with increasing degree of ram pressure stripping, in agreement with previous studies. Our results suggest that if there is any ram pressure stripping induced enhancement, it is at best locally modest, and galaxies undergoing enhancement make up a small fraction of the total sample. Our results also indicate that it is possible to trace galaxies at different stages of stripping with the combination of Hi gas content and location in projected phase space, which can be extended to other galaxy clusters that lack high-resolution Hi imaging.

A full genomic DNA microarray technique was employed to investigate the effects of Dongchunghacho on aortal and hepatic gene expression in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Male 8- week - old ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups, control(high cholesterol group; HC) and supplementation of Dongchunghacho (SD). All of the mice were fed a high-fet/high cholesterol diet with or without Dongchunghacho supplemented by 1% for 6 weeks. At first, lipid profile of the Dongchunghacho was measured by biochemical analysis. No differences were observed in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between the two groups. Antigenotoxic effect of the Dongchunghacho was measured by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) and quantified as % fluorescence in tail. Dongchunghacho supplementation decreased significantly leukocytic DNA damage and also there was a tendency of reduction in hepatic DNA damage in Dongchunghacho group compared with the control group. In up regulated genes in liver and aorta of the mice, genes with 0 to 2- fold difference in expression level between the two group (HD and SD) was very much more in liver than in aorta, on the contrary, those with 2-fold to 16-flod difference increased greatly rather in aorta than in liver. Also, almost the same results were observed in down regulated genes in liver and aorta between the two groups. These results suggested that supplementation of Dongchunghacho might be helpful in preventing leukocytic DNA damage induced by high fat diet, and has a more crucial roles in aortal gene expression.

Roasting has revealed coffee’s potentials as a good source of bioactive compounds. This study was done to investigate the quantitative presence and activity of bioactive compounds including caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), amino acids, and antioxidant capacity on Coffea arabica L. (Guatemala finca San Sebastian) and C. robusta L. (India Azad Hind). Analysis was performed on Green Bean (GB) Medium-Light (ML), Medium (ME) and Medium-Dark (MD) samples of both varieties. From the results, caffeine content was highest in ME samples of both varieties. GB samples of both varieties had high CGA content which decreased after increasing roasting time and temperature. Most amino acids in GB samples was highest, however, glutamic acid, valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine had highest quantitative increase in ME samples for both varieties. IC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in ML samples of both varieties. IC50 of reducing power and total phenolic content was highest in GB sample of both varieties but decreased after increasing roasting conditions. Generally Robusta had the highest quantity of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. From this study, the optimal roasting condition for coffee is ME above which there is a significant reduction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

미흑깨'는 2006년에 국립작물과학원 영남농업연구소에서 육성한 품종으로 내병성은 약하지만 다수성 품종인 '유성깨'에 내병성이 강하면서 다수성인 '수원131호'를 교배한 후대에 고품질 다수성인 '경북1호'를 1994년에 3원교잡하여 육성한 품종으로 표준품종에 비하여 수량성이 높고 총아미노산 함량이 많으면서 검정색 착색도가 진한 고품질 품종이다. 경장은 125 cm이고, 주당 삭수는 77개이다. 1,000립중은 2.57 g이고 기름함량은 표준품종보다 약 4

윤흑'은 내병성이 개선되고 다수성인 품종을 육성하기 위하여 다수성 계통인 유성깨에 고품질 내병성인 건흑깨를 1995년에 인공교배하여 육성한 품종으로 6년간의 계통육성을 통하여 유망계통을 선발하고 2002년부터 3년간 생산력 검정시험을 거친 후 전국 9개의 지역에서 3년간의 적응시험을 통하여 선발된 것으로 '윤흑'은 수량성이 높고 내도복성이면서 검정색 착색도가 진하고 레놀렌산 함량이 많은 고품질 품종이다. 또한 우리나라 기후조건에서 단작 및 이모작형의 광

A six-rowed naked barley cultivar, Donghanchal (Hordeum vulgare L.), with low-amylose, winter hardiness, viral disease resistance and good quality, was developed from the cross between the advanced line “Masangwamac/Kangbori*7” and Naehanssalbori in 1993.

A new six-rowed naked barley cultivar, “Saenul”, was developed from a double cross between the F1 of Yonezawamochi/Olbori and Dangomugi at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station RDA in 2001. It has the traits of early maturity, cold resistance, re

Lee Jae-Choel. 1999. The Locality Condition of Movement. Studies in Modern Grammar 16, 103-119. The main purpose of this paper is to point out the problems of the shortest move requirement and the Attract-F proposed in Chomsky (1993) and Chomsky (1995) respectively, and to propose an alternative. The existing locality conditions restrict the domain of either the moving elements or the feature checkers. But both approaches cannot explain Islands Violations, Superraing and Crossing Effects. To solve these problems, I argued that the existing Attract-F requirement be maintained as the locality condition of feature checkers, but the Minimal Link Condition be required as independent locality condition of moving elements. In contrast with Chomsky(1995), I assume that [+WH] feature of Wh-phrases is [-interpretable] in order to explain the asymmetries of Islands Violations and Crossing Effects.

Lee, Jae, Choel. 1998. The Locality on Movement and the Strict Cyclicity. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 12, 103-123. In the framework of the Minimalist Approach, as the Government theory is eliminated, the locality on movement is determined by the Checking Domain of Head Chain, the Minimal Link Condition, the Extension Requirement, three processes for the Generalized Transformation, and so on. The purpose of this paper is to examine that the Strict Cyclicity becomes a factor that determine the locality of movement, is to point out the problems of the Extension Requirement(Chomsky 1992), the Minimal Chain Condition(Chomsky 1994) and the Target α (Kitahara 1995) that are suggested to guarantee the Strict Cyclicity, and is to prove the problems to be solved by the Attract-F Theory. When the feature of the checker is strong, the strict cyclicity is automatically guaranteed, because the closest item containing the relevant formal features must move to the SPEC of the checker before the projection of the upper head does occur. There never arise direct movements of lexical items after Spell-Out. The violation of the Strict Cyclicity cannot occur after Spell-Out, either because the relevant formal features only move to the sublabel of the checker and adjoin there.

Lee Jae-choel. 1997. Island Sensitivity. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 11: 39-56. The purpose of the paper is to explain island phenomena in terms of Fewest Steps without barriers. If the barriers system is introduced in order to explain island phenomena, the types of barriers can not be integrated. As the notion of government is eliminated in the framework of Minimalist Program, the barriers system should be removed. The paper adopts the Oka(1995)`s assumption that the asymmetry of argument and adjunct extraction from islands are attributed to the difference of thematic relation between arguments and adjuncts. Arguments are rather closely associated to lexical heads and must appear in the positions required by them. But adjuncts semantically function as modifiers of something, and rather freely appear anywhere and modify something in a certain configuration. This paper adopts the economy condition on derivation as following.; A derivation is blocked by a competing one with fewer steps. We assume the a referential wh-phrase and a non-referential wh-phrase respectively have a different structure on head D. If a wh-phrase receives a referential interpretation, the head D is assigned wh-feature and forms operator-argument variable chain. The derivation starting within islands does not have another derivation experiencing fewer steps that start outside islands. So, the extractions of referential wh-phrases from islands obey the economy condition. But if a wh-phrase receives a non-referential interpretation, modifier, not head D, is assigned wh-feature and forms operator-modifier variable chain in logical form. The derivation starting within islands has another derivation experiencing fewer steps that start outside islands. So, the extractions of non-referential wh-phrase from islands violate the economy condition. If NP is a modifier of D in DP structure, NP-modifier and adjunct belong to modifier types which can not be extracted from strong islands such as subject island, adjunct island and relative clause island. If argument is extracted from weak islands, it is assigned referential interpretation, and operator-argument variable chain on head D is form at LF. But If adjunct is extracted from weak islands, operator-modifier variable chain is formed on it.

Based on the Results of Marine Meteorological and Oceanographical Observations during 1966∼1987 and the Ten-day Marine Report during 1970∼1989 by Japan Meteorological Agency, the possible area where the Japan Sea Proper Water (JSPW) can be formed is investigated by analyzing the distribution of water types in the Japan Sea. The Japan Sea can be divided into three subareas of Northern Cold Water(NCW), Polar Front(PF) and Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) by the Polar Front identified by a 6℃ isothermal line at the sea surface in winter. Mean position of the Polar Front is approximately parallel to the latitude 39∼40°N. The standard deviation of the Polar Front from the mean position of about 130㎞ width is the smallest in the region between 136°E and 138°E where the Polar Front is very stable, because the branches of the Tsushima Current are converging in this region. However, standard deviations are about 180∼250㎞ near the Korean peninsula and the Tsugaru Strait due to greater variability of warm currents. In the NCW area north of 40°30`N and west of 138°E, the water types of the sea surface to the 100m depth are similar to those of the JSPW. This fact indicates that the surface layer of the NCW area is the possible region of the JSPW formation in winter.