목적: 스마트 안경은 안경과 웨어러블 전자기기의 효과적인 융합을 잘 보여주는 어플리케이션이다. 스마 트 안경의 더 발전한 형태로, 전압에 의해 능동적으로 변색되는 안경의 제조도 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 따라서, 졸-겔 법에 의한 전기 변색 박막의 제조 과정에서 퍼콜레이션(percolation) 이론을 도입하여, 최적의 aging 조건을 찾아 전기 변색 코팅 박막 제조의 토대가 되고자 한다. 방법: 졸-겔 법을 이용하여 육 염화 텅스텐과 에탄올을 혼합하여 전기 변색 용액을 제조하였다. Aging에 따른 용액의 특성을 분석하고, ITO glass위에 전기 변색 박막을 코팅한 후, 리튬이온 기반 전해질을 이용하여 전기 변색 특성을 확인하였다. 결과: 졸-겔법으로 제조된 전기 변색 용액은 aging에 따라 텅스텐과 산소의 결합이 달라지며, 이것을 적 외선 분광법으로 분석하였다. WO3/ITO glass의 가시광선 전 영역의 광 투과도(시감 투과도)를 측정한 결과, aging에 따라 변색효율의 차이를 보였다. 또한, percolation이 충분히 진행되기 전 샘플의 경우, 광 투과도 가 착색 시 43.0 %, 탈색 시 63.6 %로 1.10의 가장 높은 광밀도를 보였다. 또한, aging이 충분히 진행된 후의 샘플은 착색 시 광 차단 효과가 좋은 결과값을 보였다. 결론: 졸-겔 법에 의해 제조된 변색 용액으로 전기 변색 유리를 제작하였을 때, 용액의 aging에 따라 광 학적 특성이 달라짐을 확인하였다. 긴 시간 aging하는 경우, 변색 효율을 가늠하는 광밀도가 감소하였다. 따라서, 변색효율이 좋은 렌즈가 필요한 경우, percolation 임계 점 이하의 aging 시간이 짧은 용액을 사용 하는 것이 좋으며, 진한 착색이 필요한 광학 샘플이 필요한 경우는 긴 시간 에이징한 용액으로 코팅막을 제 조하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 코팅 박막에 대한 기초 조건의 연구가 향후 스마트 안경 등의 제작 시 참고가 될 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study is to apply physiognomic judgement that judges character according to face types to marketing and sensibility engineering, and to analyze the difference of the purchasing behavior, the sensibility, and the character according to face and eyebrow types. The questionary result showed the facts that there are a lot of differences according to face types and eyebrow types. In particular, there are opposite inclination between the reverse-triangle and the tetragon face in purchasing behavior, and the rectangular and the tetragon face in the sensibility about the passenger car. And there are the opposite inclination between the man with risen eyebrow and declined eyebrow in sensibility on the passenger car and in character. The result of this study was that face type was related to purchasing behavior and character, and eyebrow type was connected with sensitivity and character.

To derive the distributions of electron density, temperature and gas-phase metal abundances within the Orion Nebula, we have performed a non-LTE analysis to the radio observations of hydrogen recombination lines and continuum flux over the frequency range from 0.1GHz to 100GHz. We have explicitly included the thermal balance condition in our analysis, hence our derived distributions have their internal consistencies. This enables us to derive the radial distribution of Oxygen and Nitrogen. The gas-phase concentrations of these cooling agents show about the solar values at the very central part of the nebula, then, decrease slowly outward, and finally become about one quarter of the solar values in the outer extended envelope. Such an outward decrease is interpreted as an outward increase of dust concentrations in the Orion.

본 시험은 우리나라에서 발생하는 푸른곰팡이병균의 종의 빈도와 발병환경 및 방제법을 구명코져 실시하였다. 시험결과 Trichoderma koningi, T. lignorum, T. glaucum과 미동정의 1종등 4종의 병원균이 분리되었고 이들의 빈도는 각각 와 이었다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 감자배양액, 왁스만배양액과 리차드배양액에서 생육이 잘 되었으며 중성-염기성배지에서는 생육이 불량한 반면 산성에서 생육이 왕성하였으며 최적산도는 pH4였다. 양송이 수확기간 중 재배사내의 온도는 내외 일 때 본명의 발생이 적었고 수량이 많으며 이상에서는 본병의 발생이 격심하였다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 복토흙 소독시 에서 60분, 혹은 에서 30분간 열처리하므로서 완전히 사멸하였고 퇴비 후발효 과정에서도 사멸되었다.

Background: To enhance the taste and physiological characteristics of Lycii fructus (Gugija) extracts, we investigated the changes in the physiological characteristics of Gugija extracts caused by adding white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG) Methods and Results: Gugija extracts, including 10G10, 10GW-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixtures made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with WG), as well as 10G10, 10GR-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixture made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with RG) were extracted with water at 10 times the respective mixture's volume. The antioxidant activities of Gugija extracts were investigated by assessing their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. As the amount of WG added increased, the DPPH, and, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP activity of the Gugija extract decreased. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 10G10, 10GW-G6 : 4, 10GR-G6 : 4, and 10GR-G0 for DPPH radical scavenging activity were 25.50 ± 1.04, 52.06 ± 1.46, 16.87 ± 1.24, and 9.50 ± 0.16 ㎕/㎖, respectively. On the other hand, the physiological activity of Gugija extract increased with the addition of increasing amounts of RG. However, ACE inhibitory activity was the highest (50.25 ± 2.58%) in the Gugija 10-fold extract without any added RG. Conclusions: From the above results, we suggest that adding RG to Gugija extracts increase their antioxidant, FRAP, and nitrite scavenging activities.

Background : The major active components of ginseng are ginsenosides and their pharmacological effects include anticanser, anti-stress, anti-fatigue, antioxidant and aging inhibitory effects. These ginsenosides components is higher in leaves than roots. Therefore, consumers are increasingly interested in using ginseng sprouts. Methods and Results : Ginseng sprouts were cultivated during 60 days from June to late July in greenhouse. After 60 days of cultivation, the stem was hardened, and the cultivation was done until 60th because of the tendency that the value of ginseng sprouts was lowered. The content of the three indicator components were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Total ginsenoside content increased 1.07 times in leaves and decreased 0.67 times in roots according to cultivated period. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc F3 and F4 of leaves were increased and ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2 and Rf of roots were decreased on cultivated 60 days, especially. Total free sugar content increased 1.29 times in leaves and decreased 0.68 times in roots according to cultivated period. The total phenolic acid contents of leaves decreased slightly until 40 days and then increased. The major components of ginsenoside, free sugar and phenolic acid in leaves were Re, sucrose and sinapic acid, respectively. Conclusion : From the above results, ginseng sprouts cultivated for 60 days is more effective ingredient than roots, so it can be said that it is good for consumers to use.

Background : The fruit of Lycii fructus (Gugija) has beeen used as a tonic medicine and a long-term healthy food without side effect in Asia. An increase in the demand for natural healthy food, Gugija has been thought as a source of healthy foods, and then the extracts of dried Gugija have been frequently used as food ingredients. But, its extracts with Gugija alone has a slightly bad taste. Physiological characteristics of Gugija extracts were investigated by adding white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG) to enhance taste. Methods and Results : Gugija extract were prepared by adding 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of ginseng (WG and RG) to the weight of Gugija, respectively. Antioxidant activities of Gugija extracts were investigated DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, FRAP, activity. As the amount of WG added increased, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP activity of Gugija extract decreased. On the other hand, the physiological activity of Gugija extract increased with increasing amount of RG. The SOD-like activity of Gugija extract added up to 60% of WG and to 40% of RG was continuously lowered, in the addition amount thereafter, the activity increased as the addition amount increased. In components, As the amount of WG and RG added increased, the ginsenosides content of Gugija extract increased, the content of ginsenosides was higher in extract added RG than WG, but betaine and total flavonoid content decreased. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that Gugija extracts by adding RG increased the antioxidant activities, SOD-like activity, and the preference degree.

Background : Korea ginseng root has been traditionally used as a tonic as it is stated to have the capacity to normalize body functions and strengthen systems that are caused by various stresses. But, white ginseng (WG) has lower antioxidant activity than other medicinal crops. Omija (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) has various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which have the effective components of Omija are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), and this components were contented mostly in seed part on Omija. Physiological characteristics of WG extracts were investigated by adding Omija to enhance functionality. Methods and Results : WG extract were prepared by adding 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of Omija to the weight of WG. Physiological characteristics of WG extracts were investigated DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and nitrite scavenging activity. As the amount of Omija added increased, DPPH radical scavenging activity of WG extract increased proportionally. IC50 of 10 times water extracts were 0.455, 0.028 and 0.041 ml/ml on WG (100WG), WG added 50% Omija (50OM50WG), and Omija (100OM0WG), respectively. On the other hand, FRAP of extracts decreased slightly with increasing amount of Omija. Nitrite scavenging activity of Omija extract were significantly more active than WG extract, exhibited to 88.89% and 72.65% on WG extract added with 40% Omija (40OM60WG) and non added (100WG), respectively, pH 1.2. and then, to 33.45% and 1.38% with 40OM60WG and 100WG extract, respectively. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that WG extracts by adding Omija increased the DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity and the preference degree on taste.

This study was carried out to investigate shelf-life and quality of fresh-cut Dungkunma (Dioscorea bulbifera) in order to elevate utilization of Dungkunma a fresh food. Before vacuum-packaging (in polyethylene/polypropylene film (100μm, 15×20 cm, 75±2 cmHg) and storaging at 2℃, Dungkunma was peeled out and cut to dice type (2.0±0.5 cm3), and then washed and blanched using hot water (at 90±2℃ with 2% NaCl solution for 30 sec). Blanched Dungkunma was pre-dried at room temperature, 40℃ and 50℃ for removing surface water. Each peeled dice Dungkunma was packed 50 g in polyethylene/polypropylene film (100 μm, 15×20 cm) with vacuum treatment (75±2 cmHg) and stored at 2℃ for 90 days. Hardness and adhesiveness of Dungkunma blanched by 2% NaCl and pre-dried at 50℃ (SB50) were the highest, but changes were the least during storage. Lightness and yellowness of stored Dungkunma in all treatments decreased slightly while redness increased during storage. Changes of color of SB50 was the least. Total concentration of aerobic bacteria in SB50 was 1.88±0.18 log CFU/g during 90 days and E. coli was detected in all treatments during whole storage periods. Dioscin and allantoin contents of SB50 were virtually unchanged during the storage. Consequently, the results of this study suggest that vacuum packaged Dungkunma after blanching using 2% NaCl solution could be effective to prolong the quality of fresh-cut Dungkunma.

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Pungwon" was developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), and National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2006. "Pungwon" was selected from a cross between S193001 and Suwon 164. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this line (Iksan 52) were carried out from 2002 to 2006. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit, white flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (10.9 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Pungwon" is seven days earlier than that of the check variety, "Pungsan". It has a good seed quality for soybean-sprout. The soybean-sprouts grown from "Pungwon" have high isoflavone (5,935 μg/g) and amino acid (160 mg/g) contents. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV), necrotic symptom (SMV-N), and other most troublesome soybean diseases which are bacterial pustule and black root rot. Especially, "Pungwon" has useful characteristics, such as lodging and shattering resistance. The average yield of "Pungwon" was 3.04 ton per hectare, about 7 % higher than the check variety, "Pungsan" at the regional yield trials (RYT) for double cropping.

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Jonam" was developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2006. Jonam was selected from a cross between Eunhakong and Jeonju-I1. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this line (Iksan 48) were carried out from 2002 to 2006. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, grayish brown hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (9.6 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Jonam" is 18 days earlier than that of the check variety, "Pungsan". It has good seed quality for soybean-sprout and resistance to lodging. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom(SMV-N). The average yield of "Jonam" was 2.57 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials for double cropping carried out for three years from 2004 to 2006.

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, “Wonhwang” was developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2005. Wonhwang was selected from a cross between Camp and Myeongjunamulkong. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of Iksan45 were carried out from 2001 to 2005. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, grayish brow hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (10.0 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of Wonhwang is 7 days earlier than that of the check variety, Pungsan. It has good seed quality for soybean-sprout, and resistance to lodging. It has also been identified to have resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom(SMV-N). The average yield of “Wonhwang” was 2.80MT/ha, which was higher by 4% than “Pungsannamulkong” at the regional yield trials.

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, “Jangki” was developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) and National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2005. Jangki was selected from a cross between Eunhakong and MS91088. The preliminary, advanced, and

A six-rowed naked barley cultivar, Donghanchal (Hordeum vulgare L.), with low-amylose, winter hardiness, viral disease resistance and good quality, was developed from the cross between the advanced line “Masangwamac/Kangbori*7” and Naehanssalbori in 1993.

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, Sokang was developed from the cross between Namhaekong and Camp by the soy-i-als for evaluation and selection were carried out from 2000 to 2004. Sokang had a determinate growth habit with white flower,grayish brown pubescen