This study was conducted to investigate effect of feeding beet pulp on reproductive performance, colostrum composition and microbiological characteristics in sows. A total of 12 sows(Landrace×Yorkshire) were randomly allotted three dietary treatments at gestating 90 days. The diets were prepared by adding 0, 5 and 10% of the beet pulp in basal diets. The pigs fed 5% beet pulp showed higher litter size than the 0 and 10% beet pulp treatments, although there was not significant among the treatments. Similarly, birth and 21days weight in piglet were not different among the treatments. In colostrum fat, protein, lactose, citric acid, solid, ffa, true protein were ranged to reference values, but not difference among the treatments. E.coli of feces was lower(P<0.01) in the 5% beet pulp than the 0 and 10% beet pulp treatments. But no effect was observed on Lactobacilli of feces among dietary treatments. These our results indicate the beet pulp has no significant effect of reproductive performance and colostrum composition in sows. But, 5% level beet pulp is effective for reduction of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms.

Mitochondria is energy generating organelle. It synthesizes ATP, which is the essential energy source of many cellular processes. During producing energy, some redox centres leak electrons to oxygen and it is contributory to the reactive oxygen species. Besides, mitochondria have significant functions in metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and fatty acid oxidation. Also mitochondria has importance to the breakdown of the ovarian follicles and could be factor determining oocyte of quality adversely. Increasing evidence shows that the number of mitochondria affect oocyte of developmental competence and maturation detrimentally during aging. Oocyte is the mitochondria-rich cell and enable the organelle to have competence for fertilization and early embryonic development. Occurrence of blastomere depends on distribution change of mitochondria which present in the egg. Lonicera caerulea treatment inhibited ovarian mitochondrial oxidative damage by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, decreasing apoptosis, controlling disintegration of mitochondrial membrane potential and conserving respiratory chain complex activities. The purpose of this study is to identify if mouse accepting treatment with L. caerulea could counter age-induced sterility and ovarian mitochondrial OS in a model organism of ovarian ageing.

Sex hormones including progesterons, androgens, and estrogens are influential in differentiation of ovarian tissues and competence of fertility. These steroid hormones derived from cholesterol are required for cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs) during oocyte maturation. COCs is a total functional and active entity playing a central role in oocyte. Lipid metabolism in the mammalian COCs is controlled by environmental factors. The intracellular cholesterol contents go through remarkable changes. It plays an important part of oocyte developmental competence. However, heat stress affects steroid hormone by decreasing progesterone, estrogen concentrations, and resumption of meiosis in COCs maturation. Reduction of the hormone and meiotic resumption might lead to the decline of ovarian function, follicle maturation, and subsequent embryogenesis. In the same vein, heat stress also influence on germinal vesicle breakdown, lipolytic variations, and loss of the nuclear envelope in the course of maturation of oocytes. In summary, we examined the effects of thermal stress on oocyte maturation through steroid hormone contents of change identifying the molecular mechanisms of lipids metabolism. It may have the solution to further the therapy methods for disorders regarding sterility.

Mammalian oocytes are sensitive to psychological stress at each period of follicular development. Especially, thermal stress interfere with reproductive condition by inducing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS). ROS lead to oocyte apoptosis, weakening oocyte quality and lowering the fertilization rate. As a result, the pregnancy rate is lowered, leading to infertility. Thermal stress also seems to influence zygotes through physiological changes in the maternal environment surrounding them. Loss of developmental competence suggests hyperthermia-induced oxidative stress in embryos. Interest in organic Lonicera caerulea berries has increased in recent years. They are abundant in various health-improving materials. Berries that found from natural products can be as free as possible from the bioactive toxicity of the active ingredient without side effects, and it can be a big advantage because it can work. Mammalian oocytes are arrested at the first meiotic prophase stage and get their meiotic competence to produce offspring during the development of follicle. A series of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturations are involved in this process and these vary in temperature sensitivity. Our study demonstrated that L. caerulea can relieve the negative effects of maternal hyperthermia by reducing ROS level at the developmental stage.

Lonicera Caerulea(Honey berry) has been used in medical treatment in Russia, Japan, China and Korea. It has high level of vitamin C and polyphenolics. Polyphenolics can improve anti-inflammatory effect and prevent cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2. Also, Vitamin C is a representative anti- oxidant. however, It is still unknown what effect it will have on the oxidation stress of the reproductive system. In previous studies, ROS can be produced when it is exposed to heat stress and has negative effect on sperm's maturation, capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and fusion of egg and sperm. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of L.caerulea on the sperm and egg cells of mice. At first, it conducted using ICR mouse(n=20) during 4 weeks. There are four groups of mouse(n=5 per group). Also, L.caerulea was taken by oral gavage. Group Ⅰ(control) kept at 23℃~27℃ and administer D.W(0.5ml/day), Likewise, Group Ⅱ(HB) kept at room temperature but gave HB(0.5ml/day), Group Ⅲ (HB+HS) received heat stress (40℃) using hyperthermia induction chamber and gave HB at same dose. and Group Ⅳ(HS) exposed heat stress only. Mainly, we showed degree of gene expression using Western blot in SOD, HSP 70, 17β-HSD and Real time PCR. It can find correlation between intracellular activity like steroid hormone, apoptosis under ROS and antioxidant activity of L.caerulea.

Previous studies have shown that Lonicera caerulea has a chemical protective effect. Phenolic and vitamin C contained in Lonicera caerulea prevent cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, lower blood pressure and delay the aging process. However, the antioxidant mechanism of male reproductive system to heat stress is still unknown. Male reproductive system is very sensitive to heat. When scrotum temperature increase, oxidative stress can occur. Oxidative stress affects sperm motility and spermatogenesis, resulting in infertility. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant effect of L. Caerulea in male genitalia by inducing oxidative stress by artificially exposing the testicles to heat at 42 ° C. The experiment was performed by dividing the ICR mouse into four groups. Each group is n = 5. Control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) were oral gavage administered D.W. Honey berry group (HB) and Honeyberry / heat stress group (HB + HS) were oral gavage administered honey berry (250mg / kg / day). HS groups (n=5, per n=5) received heat stress by exposing their lower bodies in the water bath at 42℃ for 30 minutes. We confirmed that there was a significant difference in the motility, morphology and the number of sperms using CASA(computer-assisted semen analysis). Lipid peroxidation assay results showed heat causes oxidative stress in serum. This study is conducting to investigate the antioxidant effect of L. Caerulea. Histologically analyzed the testicular form of each group, the activity level of heat shock protein and the level of reactive oxygen species were measured by Western blot and the level of catalase and HSP-90 was examined by RT-PCR analysis. Thus, studies of testicular morphology, sperm kinetics, hormone levels, heat shock protein expression and antioxidant enzymes under heat stress have shown that L. Caerulea ingestion has Anti-oxidant and thermal protective activity on the testis by heat damage.

Cryopreservation is mainly used for preservation of boar sperm. However, this method stresses the sperm by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the conception rate and the litter size are not more efficient than the liquid preservation of spermatozoa. Therefore, we use chitosan which is a natural product derived antioxidant compound. We used GnHA and GnHG as chitosan complexes to cryopreserve boar sperm for improve sperm metabolism and function. Sperm parameter (sperm motility, progressive motility, path velocity, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity) is measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) using frozen sperm with GnHA or GnHG (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/mL). Also, lipid peroxidation analysis using malondialdehyde (MDA) is performed to confirm the antioxidative effect of chitosan in frozen spermatozoa. Sperm motility was higher in GnHA 0.25 mg/mL and GnHG 0.5 mg/mL compared to control. In addition, GnHG 0.5 mg/mL was significantly decreased in lipid peroxidation analysis. The results suggest that GnHA and GnHG are effective for boar sperm cryopreservation by antioxidant effect.

흑백알락나비 (Hestina persimilis (Westwood, 1850))는 한반도의 평안남도 이남의 내륙지역에 넓게 분포하고, 국외의 경우 일본, 중국, 히말라야 일대에 서식하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 종에 대한 생활사 연구는 김과 서(2011)에 의해 월동유충, 종령, 번데기 등에 대한 일부 보고가 있을 뿐 자세한 생활사에 대한 기록은 전무하다. 본 연구를 통해 한국산 흑백알락나비의 생태적 습성 및 미성숙단계 (알, 유충, 번데기)의 형태적 특징 등 자세한 생활사 정보를 보고하고자 한다.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy. Numerous therapies have been proposed for its cure. Research is continually being conducted to develop new forms of treatment as current therapies are associated with numerous side-effects. Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been demonstrated to possess strong anti-cancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, research into luteolin-based anticancer activity against oral cancer remains scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of luteolin as an anti-cancer agent. After treatment with luteolin, Ca9-22 and CAL-27 oral cancer cells showed condensed nuclei and enhanced apoptotic rate with evidence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to tumor migration and invasion. Luteolin suppressed cancer cell invasion and migration in the current study. Elevated expression of E-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, was evident in both cell lines after luteolin treatment. Luteolin also significantly inhibited transcription factors (i.e., N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB-1) that regulated expression of tumor suppressors such as E-cadherin based on Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR. Thus, luteolin could induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing EMT-induced transcription factors.

This research evaluates the applicability of ponded ash in the production of backfill material. From various ponded ash/sand ratios, cement, and air foam conditions, test specimens were developed to investigate many engineer properties of backfill material. Then, the falling weight deflectometer and excavation tests were carried out to determine the behavior of the material in the actual testbed. The test results suggested that all mixtures achieved optimal flowability performance with acceptable stiffening time. It is indicated that the compressive strength increased as ponded ash and cement contents increased, but the strength decreased with an increase in air-foam content or number of freeze-thaw cycles. From the testbed results, it was found that utilizing 100% ponded ash in the production of backfill material is very promising for sustainable development purpose.

This study evaluated the effect of steel slag and steel wool fibers (SWF) on self-healing performance of asphalt mixture. The microstructure and distribution of SWF in mixture were examined by a computerized tomography scan and image analysis program. Thermal conductivity was investigated using the thermal constant analyser. The heating rate and healing performance were measured by induction heating system. The results showed the uneven distribution and the agglomeration in the mixtures when the content of fibers exceed a certain dosage. It was found that the mix with steel slag had higher heating rate than the mix with normal aggregate; however, its healing performance was slightly lower because of the breaking of weak steel slag. Finally, the mechanical test results indicated that SWF can enhance the resistance and prolong the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth, and interleukin-6 in bone regeneration. A demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth was prepared and human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human osteosarcoma cells were inoculated into the culture. The rate of cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization were examined, and the appearance of cellular attachment was observed. An 8 mm critical size defect was created in the cranium of rabbits. Nine rabbits were divided into three groups including: An experimental group A (3 rabbits), in which a demineralised and particulate autogenous tooth was grafted; an experimental group B (3 rabbits), in which a demineralized, particulate autogenous tooth was grafted in addition to interleukin-6 (20 ng/mL); and a control group. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks for histopathological examination with H-E and Masson’s Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry with osteocalcin. The cell-based assay showed a higher rate of cell adhesion, mineralization and cellular attachment in the experimental group A compared with the control group. The animal study revealed an increased number of osteoclasts, newly formed and mature bones in the experimental group A compared with the control group. Eventually, a higher number of osteoclasts were observed in the experimental group B. However, the emergence of newly formed and mature bone was lower than in the experimental group A. The current results suggest that treatment with demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth and interleukin-6 is not effective in stimulating bone regeneration during the bone grafting procedure.

The electronic and optical characteristics of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) film significantly vary with its thickness, and thus a rapid and accurate estimation of the number of MoS2 layers is critical in practical applications as well as in basic researches. Various existing methods are currently available for the thickness measurement, but each has drawbacks. Transmission electron microscopy allows actual counting of the MoS2 layers, but is very complicated and requires destructive processing of the sample to the point where it will no longer be useable after characterization. Atomic force microscopy, particularly when operated in the tapping mode, is likewise time-consuming and suffers from certain anomalies caused by an improperly chosen set point, that is, free amplitude in air for the cantilever. Raman spectroscopy is a quick characterization method for identifying one to a few layers, but the laser irradiation causes structural degradation of the MoS2. Optical microscopy works only when MoS2 is on a silicon substrate covered with SiO2 of 100~300 nm thickness. The last two optical methods are commonly limited in resolution to the micrometer range due to the diffraction limits of light. We report here a method of measuring the distribution of the number of MoS2 layers using a low voltage field emission electron microscope with acceleration voltages no greater than 1 kV. We found a linear relationship between the FESEM contrast and the number of MoS2 layers. This method can be used to characterize MoS2 samples at nanometer-level spatial resolution, which is below the limits of other methods.

A. auricular-judae cultivars, ‘Yong-a’ was cultivated in JARES on 2015. Ear mushroom have been consumed the form of dried mushrooms imported from china, but the production and consumption of domestic ear mushroom have been increasing recently. However, how the different drying methods affect the quality of domestic varieties is not clear. Therefore, we examined the effects of drying methods to improve the competitiveness of dried ear mushrooms using domestic cultivar, ‘Yong-a’. Ear mushroom samples were dried using sun-drying and hot air drying(50, 60°C) and combined of two methods(hot air drying at 50, 60°C after 3,6 and 9 hours sun drying) and drying time, rehydration ratio, color and hardness, vitamin D2 contents were evaluated. Drying time was the fastest at 60°C hot air drying(11.5h) and the slowest at 50°C hot air drying(16h) and drying time was shorter as the sun drying time was longer. The rehydration ratio was the highest at 60°C hot air drying(18.6%) and increased as the drying time decreased. After drying and rehydration, the color showed no significant difference between drying methods. The hardness of rehydrated mushroom was highest at sun drying and 60°C hot air drying. The contents of ergosterol were not significantly different by drying methods. However, vitamin D2 was lowest at 50 °C and 60°C hot air drying (4.22mg%, 3.87mg%) and highest at sun drying and 50°C hot air drying after 6 hours sun drying (12.52mg%, 12.99mg%). vitamin D2 contents was higher at 50°C hot air drying than 60°C. According to the results of color, hardness, vitamin D2 contents of dried ear mushroom, sun drying is the best method. When the sun drying is not possible, hot air drying at 60°C is suitable, but it is better to use sun drying method to increase the vitamin D2 contents.