This study intend to induce citizen's voluntary preliminary disaster prevention activity to reduce damage of typhoon that occurs every year. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to develop Typhoon information contents. The number of samples used in the survey was set to 500 people, and citizens living in Jeju, Busan, and Jeonlanam-do were surveyed for areas with high typhoon disasters in order to develop practical and efficient information. The survey consisted of perception about natural disaster, how to get and use weather information, satisfaction with typhoon information and requirements. The general public perceived the typhoon as the first natural disaster. As a result of responding to the method of obtaining and utilizing weather information, the frequency of collecting weather information at the time of issuance of typhoon special report is higher than usual. The purpose of using weather information is clear and the response rate is high for the purpose of disaster prevention. The medium mainly collecting weather information is Internet portal site and mobile phone besides television. The current satisfaction with typhoon weather information is 34.8%, in addition to the accuracy of prediction, it is necessary to improve the information (that is content) provided. Specific responses to the content were investigated not only for single meteorological factors, but also for possible damage and potential countermeasures in the event of a disaster such as a typhoon. As can be seen from the above results, people are requested to provide information that can be used to detect and cope with disasters. The development of new content using easy accessible media will contribute to the reduction of damages caused by the typhoon that will occur in the future, and also to the disaster prevention activity.

Although most natural disaster related studies conducted in Korea recently have been related to typhoons or severe rainstorms, the occurrence frequency of disasters due to windstorms or rainstorms is also high. To reduce the strong wind damage caused by strong windstorms due to climate change, basic studies of strong winds are necessary. Therefore, in this study, the types and representative cases of windstorms that were observed to have been higher than 14 m/s, which is the criterion for strong-wind warnings from the Korea Meteorological Administration, were selected from among those windstorm cases that occurred on the Korean Peninsula for 10 years to conduct a statistical analysis of them and determine their synoptic meteorological characteristics. The cases of windstorms occurring on the Korean Peninsula were divided into six weather patterns according to the locations of the anticyclones/cyclones. Among these types, the SH type, which occurs when Siberian Highs expand into the Korean Peninsula, showed the highest occurrence frequency, accounting for at least the majority of the entire occurrence frequency of windstorms together with that of the EC type, which occurs when cyclones develop on the East Sea, and there was no clear yearly trend of the occurrence frequencies of windstorms. The monthly occurrence frequencies of windstorms were formed mainly by typhoons in the summer and the Siberian Highs in the winter, and the months with the highest windstorm occurrence frequencies were December and January, in which mainly the SH and EC type windstorms occurred. March showed the next highest occurrence frequency with10 times, and SH windstorms occurred the most frequently in March, followed by the CC, SC, and EC types of windstorms, in order of precedence. Therefore, attention to these types of windstorms is required. Countermeasures against storm and flood damage in Korea targeting the summer should be re-reviewed together with pre-disaster prevention plans, because cases of storm and flood damage due to windstorms occur more frequently than those due to typhoons, and they occur throughout the year.

This study aims to find the perception and utilization of the citizen about the dryness watch warning (DWW) among special weather reports. For this we have made up a descriptive questionnaire including the perception, utilization of special weather reports. Using the SPSS 17.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test were used to analyze the collected data. The results are as follows; The perception of DWW is measured by 4 point Likert scale and the average is 15.97±3.70 (percentile=57.0). This value shows that the awareness level is not that high and according to the occupation, college students show the lowest awareness and housewives show the highest awareness. According to the age, the teens and twenties show the lowest awareness and fifties and sixties show the highest awareness. Although the perception of the teens and college students are rather poor, there were many positive answers that it is necessary to establish the advanced disaster prevention plan according to the questionnaire about the utilization of DWW. Therefore, if we come up with an effective plan to improve the perception than we can expect a large-effect in terms of fire and forest fire prevention. The perception of DWW can be improved by providing weather information and weather related education program on TV or internet which have the high level of preference. Also, it is necessary to provide online and offline program of advertising education and disaster management education through the weather forecast bureau which is the host organization of delivering weather information.

To identify the characteristics of extreme heat events and tropical nights in major cities, the correlations between automated synoptic observing station (ASOS), automatic weather station (AWS), and temperature in seven metropolitan areas were analyzed. Temperatures at ASOS were found to be useful sources of the reference temperature of each area. To set the standard for identifying dates of extreme heat events in relation to regional topography and the natural environment, the monthly and yearly frequency of extreme heat in each region was examined, based on the standards for extreme heat day (EHD), tropical night day (TND), and extreme heat and tropical night day (ETD). All three cases identified 1994 as the year with the most frequent heat waves. The frequency was low according to all three cases in 1993, 2003 and 2009. Meanwhile, the yearly rate of increase was the highest in 1994, followed by 2010 and 2004, indicating that the frequency of extreme heat changed significantly between 1993 and 1994, 2003 and 2004, and 2009 and 2010. Therefore all three indexes can be used as a standard for high temperature events. According to monthly frequency data for EHD, TND, and ETD, July and August accounted for 80% or more of the extreme heat of the entire year.

This study was conducted to investigate the correlations between the PM10 concentration trend and meteorological elements in the Gimhae region and analyze the transportation routes of air pollutants through back-trajectory analysis. Among the air quality measuring stations in the Gimhae regions, the PM10 concentration of the Sambangdong station was higher than that of the Dongsangdong station. Also, an examination of the relationships between PM10 concentration and meteorological elements showed that the greater the number of yellow dust occurrence days was and the lower the temperature and precipitation were, the higher the PM10 concentration appeared. Furthermore, a cluster analysis through the HYSPLIT model showed that there were 4 clusters of trajectories that flowed into the Gimhae region and most of them originated in China. The meteorological characteristics of the four clusters were analyzed and they were similar to those of the air masses that influence South Korea. These analyses found that meteorological conditions affect the PM10 concentration.

This study calculated wind speed at the height of 10 m using a disaster prediction model(Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model, FPHLM) that was developed and used in the United States. Using its distributions, a usable information of surface wind was produced for the purpose of disaster prevention when the typhoon attack. The advanced research version of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) was used in this study, and two domains focusing on South Korea were determined through two-way nesting. A horizontal time series and vertical profile analysis were carried out to examine whether the model provided a resonable simulation, and the meteorological factors, including potential temperature, generally showed the similar distribution with observational data. We determined through comparison of observations that data taken at 700 hPa and used as input data to calculate wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was suitable for the simulation. Using these results, the wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was calculated and its distributions were shown. Thus, a stronger wind occurred in coastal areas compared to inland areas showing that coastal areas are more vulnerable to strong winds.

In case of Typhoon Dianmu, the temperature, wind speed, wind direction and the rainfall per hour changed dramatically when the center of the typhoon passed through Gimhae. Such a change was commonly found in the regions where the center of the typhoon passed through but almost not in the regions far away from it. For example, in the case of Typhoon Malou where the center of the typhoon was far away from the observation site, such a phenomenon was not observed. The analysis of the vertical observation data showed that there was a little change in the wind speed and wind direction in the vertical direction in the case of Typhoon Dianmu of which center passed through Gimhae. There was a great change in the wind speed according to the height in the lower atmosphere just before the center of the typhoon approached the region. When the center of the typhoon was passing through the region, the vertical wind speed was decreased. However, the wind speed was rapidly increased again after the center of the typhoon had passed through the region. Unlike the Dianmu, the difference in the wind speed and wind direction between the upper layer and lower layer of the atmosphere was relatively great in the case of Malou.

A survey of professionals employed in marine related fields was conducted on subjects related to marine meteorological forecasts and special reports. The outcome of the survey indicated that the respondents were overall satisfied with the determination of the zones related to marine meteorological forecasts and special reports and with the number of forecast factors, but in regards to the questions about specific adjustment methods, it was found that the respondents perceived a need for adjustment. In addition, although there was a high consensus among the respondents that the criteria for watch and warning in the marine special reports were suitable, they voiced the opinion that it will be necessary to implement changes in the current criteria for watch and warning in order to further improve the compatibility of the criteria. The survey found that there was a high level of utilization for the marine meteorological information provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA), and that respondents mostly acquired this information via internet and TV. On the other hand, however, the satisfaction level regarding the accuracy of the marine meteorological information was low in comparison to the utilization level. The survey regarding areas for improvement in the forecasts and special reports also indicated that the need for ‘improvement in the accuracy of forecasts’ was cited most frequently.

This paper aims to analyze the perception of university students for the extreme heat watch warning and suggest the usefulness of special weather reports. For this, we have made up a descriptive questionnaires including the perception, mass media, usefulness and satisfaction of special weather report. Using the SPSS 17.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test were used to analyze the collected data. The result are as follows; The perception of extreme heat watch warning was some low as 59.1 percentile, we think it needs education and public relations about the extreme heat watch warning. The usefulness of special weather report was 66.6 percentile and of girl students of university that was educated about health care was higher than one of boy students of university, it needs continuous education of these students in order to upgrade satisfaction of special report and mitigate the hazard of extreme heat according to climate change. The main media to get the meteorological information of university undergraduate students were TV and Internet, it needed education and development of new contents. From these findings, suggestions are presented to help improve the extreme heat watch warning.

We classified wind sectors according to the wind features in South Korea. In order to get the information of wind speed and wind direction, we used and improved on the atmospheric numerical model. We made use of detailed topographical data such as terrain height data of an interval of 3 seconds and landuse data produced at ministry of environment, Republic of Korea. The result of simulated wind field was improved. We carried out the cluster analysis to classify the wind sectors using the K-means clustering. South Korea was classified as 8 wind sectors to the annual wind field.

The current standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum heat index(HI), but current standard could not consider daily maximum HI due to the difficulties in forecasting when we consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum HI and no considering HI because relative humidity could not observed for some regions. So, Newly established standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding 30℃ for two consecutive days or daily minimum temperature exceeding 25℃ and daily maximum temperature exceeding 30℃. These days are called "extreme heat days". On extreme heat days, the standard of extreme heat advisory is based on daily maximum temperature among exceeding 32.7℃ and not exceeding 34.8℃, and extreme heat warning is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding 34.8℃. ANOVA analysis was carried out using the data of Seoul Metropolitan City in 1994 to check the robustness of the new standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System from this study, in particular for mortality variable. The results reveal that the new standard specifies excess mortality well, showing significance level of 0.05 in the difference of excess mortality for each phase.

This study investigates the standard, duration period and excess mortality of extreme heat using the standardized daily mortality data from 1991 to 2004, establishing a standard threshold Criteria for Heat Health Watch Warning System in Korea. It ultimately aims to provide the guidance in building up Heat Health Watch Warning System for Korea by suggesting the standard to quantify thermal stress from heat. The standard threshold Criteria for Heat Health Watch Warning System for Seoul metropolitan city takes into account both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum heat index(HI) and consists of four phases; caution, extreme caution, danger, and extreme danger. Extreme caution phase and danger phase are used as the advisory and warning of extreme heat, respectively. Since the nationwide distribution of the frequency of extreme heat day and the excess mortality rate shows little difference across regions, the standard threshold Criteria for Heat Health Watch Warning System for Seoul metropolitan city can be used for other regions.

In order to study the degree of improved air quality as an outcome of the action plan of Atmospheric Environment Improvement in Gimhae, Gyeongnam Province, we investigated the status and trends of air pollutant before and after the plan. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone, both classified as hazardous substances, were closely monitored with particular attention. The level of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, fine particles and ozone (but for carbon monoxide) was decreased after the plan was implemented. The number of days on which ozone exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard has decreased, but the level was still often exceeded. The level of nitrogen dioxide did not surpass until the 2006 standard, but when the revised 2007 standard was implemented, it exceeded 80% of some standards. The yearly level of ozone has decreased since the plan was introduced. The concentration of nitrogen dioxide, however, has reduced in high order area while increased in low order area.

Lately extreme weather event is occurring because of the global warming. Especially disaster due to the extreme heat are increasing but the definition and the standard of the extreme heat is obscure until now. So this study established the extreme heat standard by using the number of daily deaths. As a result, considering the climate of the megalopolis using daily maximum heat index and daily maximum temperature was the best for the standard of the extreme heat. And it showed that extreme heat lasted for 2 days affects the death toll the most. The regional incidence of the extreme heat is highest at August and July, September and June is following.