1. 미소 해충의 자동 영상 인지 시스템 개발에 필요한 기초 자료를 확보하기 위해 화질에 따른 해충의 인지율을 조사하였다. 2. 곤충 영상은 스캐너를 이용하여 300, 600, 900, 1,200, 2,400, 4,800 dpi의 6단계 화질로 획득하였고 곤충 연구자에게 화질에 따른 인지율을 설문 조사하였다. 3. 나방류인 담배거세미나방과 배추좀나방의 경우 모든 dpi 에서 높은 인지율을 보였다. 4. 크기가 작은 포인세티아총채벌레와 담배가루이의 경우 모든 dpi에서 50% 미만의 낮은 인지율을 보였다. 5. 크기가 작은 총채벌레와 담배가루이 인지 시스템 개발에는 100 mm 매크로렌즈를 사용하거나 hand-held 형태의 디지털 현미경이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting is a discovery tool for the identification of metabolites associated with the response to dietary and environmental perturbations. Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART MS) promises to be a powerful analytical technique for high-throughput metablome analysis of insect. In this study, we used the DART MS technique to find tracers related to the origin of small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), and conducted a untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting on the wings and exoskeleton in Chinese and domestic collectives. This paper showed that DART MS metabolomic fingerprinting represents a rapid and powerful analytical strategy enabling distinguish of two different origin’s small brown planthoppers by recording metabolomic fingerprints.

It was available to store both nymphs and adults of Geocoris pallidipennis at 5℃ for 3 weeks without negative effects on their survival, fecundity, and Bamisia tabaci nymph predation. Up to 140 days, it was also possible to store Micromus angulatus adults at low temperature, showing approximately 50% cumulative survival rate, but over 2 week cold storage was not suitable for their fecundity. With the increase of cold storage duration, the aphid predation by M. angulatus decreased, but it could be possible to cold store until 5 weeks without a significant effect on their aphid predation. Thus, short term cold storage of G. pallidipennis and M. angulatus could be useful for inundative biological control.

Three ambrosia beetle species, Xyleborus glabratus, Monarthrum mali, and Euwallacea fornicatus belong to subfamily, Scolytinae, showing similar morphology and body size, but their flight capability and patterns showed species-specific. Body length of Xyleborus glabratus and Monarthrum mali was negatively correlated with flight capabilities; shorter beetles performed longer average flights, longer single flights, total flight distance, and total flight time. Elytral length also was negatively correlated with flight distance in X. glabratus and M. mali. Conversely, only average flight time of E. fornicatus was positively correlated with body length, pronotal width, and elytral length. Body length had no effect on the flight velocity of any of the three beetle species examined. Therefore, our results indicate that body size characteristics of ambrosia beetles differentially influence on their dispersal by species.

풀무치[Locusta migratoria (메뚜기목: 메뚜기과)]를 사육할 때 보조먹이로서 전지분유, 밀기울, 옥수수잎 가루, 설탕을 주성분으로 한 혼합 인공사료를 제조하였다. 갓부화 약충에 인공사료만을 제공하여 성충 사망 때까지 사육하였을 때, 다음 세대 집단을 얻지 못했다. 인공사료를 매일 제공하면서 옥수수 잎을 하루걸러 제공하였을 때도 다음 세대 개체를 얻지 못했다. 그러나 인공사료와 옥수수 잎을 하루걸러 번갈아 제공하였을 때는 이후 4세대까지 사육이 가능하였다. 성충의 생식력도 옥수수 잎과 인공사료를 매일 같이 제공한 경우보다, 두 먹이를 하루걸러 번갈아 제공 한 경우가 더 높았다. 이상의 결과로 본 연구에서 개발된 인공사료를 주먹이인 식물체의 보조먹이로 삼아 일정기간 풀무치 집단 유지에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 추정되었다.

One of the leading pests of rice, small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) can grow up to have either short or long wings, depending on conditions. However, under the same breeding conditions, the phenotypes of the long- and short-winged small brown planthopper observed to keep the first collected phenotype. To investigate the mechanism involved in wing dimorphism, metabolomic researches have been conducted. In this study, we observed several metabolites change, and the difference of metabolites could provide clues to the relationship between physiological changes in the small brown planthopper and ecological transport.

풀무치의 전국적인 발생현황 및 밀도조사의 결과, 한국에서는 전라남도 해남군 산이면과 전라남도 무안군 망운면 간척지에서 2015년 이후 지속적으로 높은 밀도의 발생이 관찰되었다. 우리는 두 지점에서 발생하는 풀무치의 기원을 알아내기 위하여 NADH dehydrogenase subunit (NAD) 2, NAD4 와 NAD5의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 그 결과 해남풀무치의 경우는 중국동북부의 Liaoning성 과 Heilongjiang성 개체군과 기 원이 비슷하고, 무안풀무치의 경우는 일본풀무치와 기원이 비슷하다는 결론에 도달했다. 이전의 전 세계적인 풀무치의 진화에 관한 연구에서 한 국의 풀무치가 포함이 되지 않아서 한반도 풀무치의 기원은 알 수 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 중국북동부 지방에서 8만 년 전에 분리된 풀무치 중 일부가 한반도로 이동을 하여 해남 지역에 정착을 하고 일부는 러시아 사할린과 일본 홋카이도섬을 거쳐서 무안으로 이동하였을 가능성을 보여주 고 있다. 하지만, 한반도로 내려온 풀무치가 해남과 무안계통으로 분리된 후 일본으로 이동하였을 가능성도 배제할 수 없다.

To investigate unknown molecualr and cellular mechanisms underlying polyphenisms in the migratory locusts, we performed whole transcriptome analysis from 12 different groups. Significantly differentially expressed coding and long non-coding (LNC) RNAs were present according to habitats, phases, and genders. Those differentially expressed coding and LNC RNAs were confirmed by quantitative-realtime-reverse transcriptase PCR. Those identified coding and LNC RNAs could be a target for developing environmental friendly management tools in the near future.

Polyphenism is one of the most intriguing phenomenon observed from various insect species. Polyphenism is changing morphological, behavioral, and physiological phenotypes without changing genome informations. Therefore, polyphenism is thought to be controlled by epigenetic methods. Epigenetic controls are including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, small RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and protein phosphorylation. To investigate the mechanism involved in polyphenism, various genomic researches have been completed. However, metabolite changes in different phases have not been reported yet. Thus, we studied the metabolite changes and found the changed metabolites. These studies will make an important contribution to reveal the difference between gregrious and solitary phases and reveal eco - friendly control techniques.

We developed a simple molecular detection tool that rapidly and accurately identifies Spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) without sophisticated instruments or expertise. We first identified a gene that is present in the SWD genome but not in that of any other insect species. Then, we developed the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, which was designed based on genomic DNA of SWD specific gene. This LAMP assay detected only genomic DNA from SWD—not from Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, this assay could detect genomic DNA in SWD geographical strains collected from 8 different locations in Asia, Europe, Hawaii, and the USA. Our LAMP assay could be a useful detection tool for identifying SWD rapidly in the field. This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No: PJ0116302016).

Even though plant protections using chemical pesticides have several advantages, non-specific toxicities to other beneficial insects and humans and rapid development of tolerance and/or resistance of target pests to chemicals are major disadvantages. Recent researches suggested that using double stranded RNA (dsRNA) could be species specific and environmental friendly pest management protocols. However, efficiency of dsRNA treatments are known to be variable according to its application methods. For example, injections of dsRNAs to pests were known to be effective in all species. However, efficiencies of oral application of dsRNAs were known to be dependent on species. Thus, development of tools that could enhance the efficacy of orally treated dsRNAs are utmost important for widening usages of dsRNAs in plant protection. Recently, we found that the efficacy of oral treated dsRNAs to target pests could be enhanced by nano-technologies. I will show how applying nano-technology to dsRNAs enhance the efficiency of dsRNAs. (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Studies for biological characteristics of and control methods against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, Project No: PJ011630042016), Rural Development Administration).