The infrastructure that man absolutely needs creates a lot of environmental load. The environmental load is quantified global environment pollution. So we can use LCA method for assess and control environmental load. In this study, we developed the environmental load estimating model to evaluate quickly in design stage when maintaining infrastructures facilities. Especially, we chose NATM tunnel because it is economical and there are many example of construction on public roads and expressway. First, we made a list of the breakdown cost by using collected unit cost of Korea Expressway Corporation and Seoul-Si about tunnel maintenance. So we chose major work classification. We selected the major classification such as pavement repairing inside tunnel, leaked surface treatment of tunnel, attached tile repairing inside tunnel and tunnel cleaning etc. We excluded concrete repairing because it is not easy to define maintenance factor about concrete repairing. Next, we made data bases of standard supply and resources need by specialist work classification. Using data bases, we was able to estimate environmental load by designating an input variable such as lane, pavement, length, tile repairing, leaked surface treatment and cleaning method. Lastly, we made environmental load estimating model after it is verified by comparing the results with the actual environmental load and estimated environmental load. Finally, our goal of this study is to develop the methodology that easily estimates the environmental load. Accordingly, the environmental load will be decreased by using this model in stage of planning, design and maintenance. Also, it is expected that the maintenance management estimating model developed from this study will be possible to do eco-friendly management of the road and tunnel construction.

본 연구는 잠재적인 생균제제 Lactobacillus plantarum P1201을 이용하여 갈색콩 두유의 젖산발효 중 이화학적 특성, 총 phenolics, isoflavone 함량 및 항산화 활성 변화를 연구하였다. 갈색콩 두유는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 pH가 최종 4.03으로 감소하였으며, 이에 따라 총산이 증가하여 발효 후(60시간) 1.03%를 나타내었다. 생균수 역시 11.55log cfu/g으로 발효 과정 중 점차적으로 증가하였다. 총 phenolics 함량은 발효 전 2.87mg/g에서 발효 후 2.98mg/g으로 약간 증가하였다. Isoflavoneglycosides 및 -malonylglycosides 형태는 감소하였고 -aglycones 형태는 증가하였다. 특히 발효 초 기 isoflavone-aglycones 함량은 38.30μg/g에서 증가하여 발효 36시간째 84.31μg/g으로 최대치를 나 타내었고 이후에는 감소하였다. 발효 36시간째 isoflavone-aglycones 형태인 daidzein, glycitein 및 genistein의 함량은 각각 24.12μg/g, 25.25μg/g 및 24.71μg/g이었다. 한편 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소 거활성 및 환원력은 발효 중 서서히 증가하였다.

본 연구에서는 콩고기 제조를 위해 국산콩 활용 가능성을 시험하였다. 제조된 콩고기의 수분 함량은 각각 47.42 (R1), 44.82 (R2), 46.72 (R3) 및 46.20 (R4) g%, 회분 함량은 1.81, 2.18, 2.24 및 2.28g%, 조단백질 함량은 28.65, 26.24, 20.77 및 21.91 g%, 조지방 함량은 9.12, 9.74, 9.51 및 10.95g% 및 탄수화물 함량은 13.0, 16.0, 20.76, and 18.66 g% 있었다. 제조된 콩고기에서 가장 풍부한 아미노산과 지방산은 각각 glutamic acid(20,702.17, 18,869.75, 11,640.85, 및 15,983.47 mg%) 및 palmitoleic acid(719.54, 749.38, 708.65, 및 818.56 mg%) 있었다. 기호성은 다른 조건들보다 R2 조건으로 제조된 콩고기가 가장 우수하였다. 조직감은 견고성과 검성이 다른 조건들보다 R2 조건으로 제조된 콩고기가 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 색도(L, a 및 b 값)는 거의 차이가 없었다. 또한 isoflavone의 구성(daidzein, glycitein 및 genistein)은 다른 조건의 콩고기들보다 높았다. 그러나, total phenolics 및 total flavonoids 함량은 다른 조건들보다 R4의 조건으로 제조된 콩고기가 가장 높았으며, 이에 상응하여 항산화 활성 역시 R4의 조건으로 제조된 콩고기가 가장 높게 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between the stature and the muscle performance ratings and the subjective discomfort rations at performing lower arm's pronation and supination according to change sin the height of working table for more efficient performance at designing a working table and performing a work. For the purpose, this study conducted an experiment targeting 40 people in their 20s, who were classified into 4 groups each group composing 10 people at intervals of 5cm from the standard stature of 166.5cm. The experiment measured the maximum isometric pronation and the supination muscular power, and at measuring the factors, the heights of working tables were set as 800mm, 850mm, and 900mm. From the measurement results, it was found that the stature and the maximum muscular power was correlated. That is, as the experiment groups's average stature is higher, the maximum muscular power was higher. For the correlation between the motion patterns(pronation and supination) and the maximum muscular power, it was seen that the maximum muscular power was higher at performing the pronation than the supination. In the correlation between motion patterns and the subjective discomfort ratings, it was seen that the subjective discomfort rating was higher at performing the supination than the pronation. For the correlation between height adjustment and the subjective discomfort ratings, as the height of working table was lower, the subject discomfort rating was lower. Therefore there was no difference in the maximum muscular power according to the height changes of working table, but it was found that as the working table was higher, the user felt more comfortable.

A new colored soybean variety ‘Jungmo3005’ was developed as a breeding parent. ‘Cheongjakong’ and ‘Geomjeongkong3’ were crossed in 2000. F1 and F2 populations were grown for 2 years and selected by pedigree method from F3 to F5. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2006 to 2007, and regional yield trial (RYT) in 9 regions was conducted from 2008 to 2010. ‘Jungmo3005’ is determinate, white flower, green cotyledon, green spherical seed and yellow hilum. Flowering date and maturing date were July 30 and Oct. 7, respectively. Other quantitative characteristics of ‘Jungmo3005’ were similar to ‘Cheongdu1’, but it was more tolerant to lodging and shattering than ‘Cheongdu1’ at RYT field and indoor test. Although ‘Jungmo3005’ showed symptom of mosaic disease in inoculation test at greenhouse, it had high level of resistance to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule diseases at field. The yield of tofu of ‘Jungmo3005’ was more than that of ‘Cheongdu1’. The mean yield of ‘Jungmo3005’ in RYT was 256kg/10a which was 97% of the yield of ‘Cheongdu1’. ‘Jungmo3005’ is expected to be widely used as a breeding parent to cross with other varieties and lines for creating colored soybean cultivars with tolerance to lodging, shattering and bacterial pustule.

Soybean cultivar ‘Seonpung’ was developed for soy-paste and tofu. Suwon 224 and YS1325-3S-2 were crossed in 2003 and selected from F3 to F5 by pedigree method. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and regional yield trial (RYT) in twelve regions was conducted from 2011 to 2013. In RYT, ‘Seonpung’ was stable in variable environments and a high yield cultivar. ‘Seonpung’ is determinate, white flower, yellow spherical seed and yellow hilum. Flowering date and maturity date were Aug. 5 and Oct. 19, respectively. Plant height was similar to ‘Daewonkong (standard cultivar)’. However ‘Seonpung’ has higher node number (16) and seed weight (25.9g/100-seed weight) than ‘Daewonkong’ (14 and 24.2g/100-seed weight). ‘Seonpung’ is resistant to root rot, and it also has high level of resistance to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus. The yield of tofu of ‘Seonpung’ was 241%, and noticeably lighter, and solidity was higher than ‘Daewonkong’. Soybean malt scent, fermented soybean yield and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) of ‘Seonpung’ were 4, 181% and 31.7㎎/g. The yield in adaptable regions was 340kg/10a (21% increase compared to ‘Daewonkong’). ‘Seonpung’ is expected to be cultivated and used widely for soy-paste and tofu. (Registration number: 5931)

Early maturity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important character for double cultivating system with winter crops such as onion or garlic in southern area of Korea. Soybean cultivars released in the past, especially ‘Keunolkong’ was widely cultivated but it was weak at abiotic stress and low yield potential because of too short growing period and short stem height. ‘Hanol’, a new early maturing cultivar showing better abiotic stress tolerant and higher yield potential, was developed from the cross between SS91408 and ‘Hwaeomputkong’, and released in 2009. ‘Hanol’ is, compared to ‘Keunolkong’, Hanol’s growing period is five days longer and its height is 5cm higher. In addition, it showed better excess-water tolerant and 26.5g 100-seed weight. At regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) in six regions from 2007 to 2009, ‘Hanol’ showed 2.04 tons of seed per hectare, 14% higher than ‘Keunolkong’ (1.80ton/ha). ‘Hanol’ is promising for double cropping system with higher yield.

A soybean cultivar for soy-paste, ‘Hwangkeumol’, was developed from the cross between SS92414 (crossing line of ‘Pokwangkong’ and ‘Suwon163’) and ‘Hwaeomputkong’ by soybean breeding team in the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2010. A promising line, SS99409-2B-11-5-4, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Milyang202’. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials for three years from 2008 to 2010 and released as the name of ‘Hwangkeumol’. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, gray pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape and large seed (28.6 grams per 100 seeds). Maturity date of ‘Hwangkeumol’ was as early as September 15th. Therefore it is suitable for double cropping system. ‘Hwangkeumol’ was resistant to bacterial pustule and resistant to soybean mosaic virus, the major soybean diseases in Korea and tolerant to lodging in fields. The average yield of ‘Hwangkeumol’ was 2.51 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out for three years from 2008 to 2010.

A soybean cultivar for soy-paste, ‘Uram’, was developed from the cross between ‘Suwon190’ and ‘SS99244’ (Shinpaldal-2 X T243) by soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2010. A promising line, SS00232-B-B-3SSD-9-4-1-1, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Milyang188’. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) in southern area of Korea for three years from 2008 to 2010 and released as the name of ‘Uram’. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, gray pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape and large seed (25.8 grams per 100 seeds). ‘Uram’ was found to be resistant to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus, the major soybean diseases in Korea. The lowest pod height of ‘Uram’ was 19cm and it will be able to reduce seed loss during mechanical harvesting. The average yield of ‘Uram’ is 3.27 ton per hectare in southern double cropping area. Through these results, ‘Uram’ is soybean cultivar that is favorable for mechanization harvesting, resistant to diseases and highly yield.

‘새단백’은 고단백 다수성 콩 신품종육성을 목표로 ‘보광콩’과 ‘수원193호’를 교배한 계통을 다시 단백질 고함유자원인 ‘MD87L’을 모본으로 하여 1999년에 교배하여 계통육종법으로 육성한 품종으로 2010년 12월 농작물직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 국가목록등재품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 ‘새단백’으로 명명하였다. ‘새단백’의 개화기는 ‘대원콩’보다 3일 늦으며, 성숙기는 10월 5일경으로 7일 빨라 등숙기간이 10일 정도 더 짧다. 경장은 64 cm로 ‘대원콩’보다 다소 작으며 도복에 강하고 불마름병에 저항성이며 바이러스와 종자병해에 강하였으나 뿌리썩음병에는 약한 편이었다. 조단백 함량은 ‘대원콩’보다 8.9% 높은 고단백 품종으로, ‘단백콩’보다 연차간 단백질 함량의 변이가 적고, 두부수율과 순두부응고력이 높으며 두부의 물성이 양호하여 두부 가공적성이 우수하다. ‘새단백’의 종실 100립중은 20.7 g으로 ‘대원콩’보다 약 4 g 가벼우나 ‘단백콩’보다 5.7 g 무거운 중립종이며, 수량성은 2.53 MT/ha로 표준품종인 ‘대원콩’에 비해 9% 감소하였으나 ‘단백콩’과는 비슷하였다.

본 연구는 우리나라 기상여건을 고려하여 콩 생육초기에 습해 저항성 자원을 선발하여 내습성 콩 품종의 조기육성 및 유전적 요인을 구명하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.1.국내 콩 주요 품종 및 보존 유전자원 등 192점에 대한 담수처리에 의한 생존율에 따라 습해 저항성과 감수성으로 분류하였다. 그 결과, 장백콩, 단백콩, 소원콩, 소청2호, 수원269는 습해 저항성 자원으로 선발되었다. 신록, T181, T201, NTS1116, HP-963은 습해 감수성 자원으로 선발되었다. 2.습해처리에 의해 발현이 증가된다고 보고된 유전자들 APX1, APX2, Adh의 발현을 분석한 결과 유전자들의 발현이 증가하였으며, 이로 미루어 습해처리가 정상적으로 처리되었음을 알 수 있다.3.1차 선발된 습해 저항성 및 감수성 자원에 습해를 처리하였을 때, 저항성 자원은 생존율이 71% 이상, 감수성 자원은 25% 이하의 생존율을 나타내었다. 1차 선발된 습해 저항성 및 감수성 자원에 대한 재현성을 확인하였다.4.부정근은 습해 저항성 자원에서 17.3~41.3개, 감수성 자원에서 0~9개를 나타내었다. 습해 감수성 자원에 비해 습해 저항성 자원에서 부정근이 상대적으로 많이 발달함을 확인할 수 있었다.5.주근의 길이는 저항성 자원에서는 0~25% 정도 감소한 반면 감수성 자원에서는 44~60% 감소한 것으로 조사되었다. 측근의 수는 감수성 자원에서는 37~65%로 감소하였지만 저항성 자원에서는 8~67% 증가하였다.

Soybean isoflavones include daidzein, genistein and glycitein with their glycosides, and their malonated derivatives are the main polyphenolic compounds that are helpful for human health. Our research objective was to investigate the differentitation of soybean isoflavones contents of breeding populations between yellow and black soybean. Isoflavones contents in soybean are a wide range from 500 to 7000 ㎍/g. In this study, we used Ilmi (Isoflavones content, 3.612 ㎍/g) as male parent and 04GAYT-4 (Isoflavones content, 1,648 ㎍/g) as female parent. From these varieties, we obtained 94 breeding lines (yellow, 48 lines; black, 25 lines; brown, 21 lines) which have isoflavones content range from 1000 to 6000 ㎍/g. Highest isflavone contents of three different breeding lines was yellow seed coated lines (average isoflavone content, yellow 3,046 ㎍/g, brown 2,935 ㎍/g, black 2,813 ㎍/g).

‘소청2호’는 녹색 자엽의 검정콩으로 내재해성이 우수하고 가공용에 적합한 신품종육성을 목표로 숙기가 매우 늦은 대립 검정콩인 ‘밀양78호’와 소립 내재해 도입종인 ‘Peking’을 1996년 인공교배한 YS1262 조합으로 계통육종법으로 선발하였고 계통명은 ‘밀양182호’이다. 꽃은 백색이고 자엽색은 녹색이며, 입형은 장타원형이며 성숙기가 지나면 협의 개열에는 약하다. 성숙기는 10월 2일로 ‘청자콩’과 같이 다소 빠른 품종이며, 경장은 56 cm로 ‘청자콩’보다 10 cm 짧고 100립의 무게는 12.2 g인 소립인 품종이다. 도복에 강하며 포장 재배시험에서 콩모자이크 바이러스병은 다소 발생하였고, 불마름병에 대한 유묘 접종 및 포장반응은 ‘청자콩’과 비슷하나 약한 편이다. 종실성분으로 조단백 함량은 38.8%로 ‘청자콩’보다 다소 낮았고, 종실의 아이소플라본 함량은 2,031㎍/g으로 ‘청자콩’보다 높았다. 청국장 가공적성에서 ‘일품검정콩’보다 발효 정도는 다소 낮으나, 청국장 수율 및 풍취에서 우하였다. ‘소청2호’의 중남부지역 5개소의 평균 수량성은 ha당 2.00톤으로 ‘청자콩’ 대비 7% 증수하였다.

Soybean isoflavones include daidzein, genistein and glycitein with their glycosides, and their malonated derivatives are the main polyphenolic compounds that are helpful for human health. Our research objective was to investigate the differentitation of soybean isoflavones contents of breeding populations between high and low isoflavones contained soybean. Isoflavones contents in soybean are a wide range from 500 to 7000 ㎍/g. In this study, we used Ilmi (Isoflavones content, 3.108 ㎍/g) as male parent and Dajin (Isoflavones content, 578 ㎍/g) as female parent. From these varieties, we got 165 breeding lines which have isoflavones content range from 472 to 2973 ㎍/g. Isflavone contents in breeding lines showed normal distribution.