Beetles of the genus Monochamus Dejean (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are the most important vectors of the pine woodnematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). The most efficient wayto control pine wilt disease is to decrease the population levels of the vector Monochamus beetles. Specific and efficientnatural enemies would be an interesting and environmental-friendly option. From 2016 to 2017, we investigated on thelarval parasitoids associated with M. alternatus Hope and M. saltuarius Gebler using the sentinel logs (Pinus koraiensis)in South Korea. As results of this work, we report two larval ectoparasitoids, Spathius verustus Chao and Cyanopterusflavator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from six survey sites. Each parasitoid was parasitized up to 58.2% and26.3% on 1st and 2nd instar larvae of Monochamus beetles, respectively. These parasitoids are likely to be highly efficientas bio-control agents. Morphological characters with illustration and some biological information of them are provided.

한국산 총채벌과의 미기록종인 긴턱총채벌(Eubroncus prodigiosus (Yoshimoto, Kozlov and Trjapitzin, 1972)) (신칭)을 확인하고, 그에 따라 미기록속인 긴턱총채벌속(Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov and Trjapitzin, 1972) (신칭)을 처음으로 보고한다. 식별형질의 기재와 주요 형 질에 대한 사진을 함께 제공한다.

Having conducted numerous research and survey projects, Korea National Arboretum (KNA) has been a centre for Korean insect diversity researches in South Korea for about a decade since its first step as the first national biological collection was taken in 2003. Those projects mainly focused on specimen collection through various surveys and classical taxonomic studies on rather limited taxa. Holding slightly more than 6,000 species in our collection now, we consider it is time to take another approach that will keep insect researches going and expanding its boundary although it seems a little bit late to follow an international trend. The approach we are about to follow is a DNA barcode blitz, which aims for rapid digitization and sequencing of insects. With an integrated system of insect taxonomy we may provide faster and more reliable identification service to the public and other related biological and ecological studies. Digitized morphological and molecular data can be used in various ways such as forest insect pest monitoring, climate change related monitoring, and reverse taxonomic study.

Chinese longhorned beetle (CLB; Anoplophora chinensis) and Asian longhorned beetle (ALB; A. glabripennis) were accidentally introduced into the US from the Asia back in 90s’ and have been causing economic damage on hardwood species in the US. An international cooperative team made field surveys in Korea to find parasitoids of CLB and ALB using sentinel logs that were infested with eggs of the two cerambycids.. As a result, two parasitic wasps of Anopolophora species were newly recognised from Korea: Aprostocetus anoplophorae Delvare (Eulophidae) as an egg parasitoid of CLB and Leluthia honshuensis Belokobylskij & Maeto (Braconidae) as a larval parasitoid of ALB. Identification was made using both morphological and molecular data. Morphological information was provided along with images of developmental stages and adults.

Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 is one of the largest genera in Gracillariidae. 314 species have been known around the world. To date, 19 species were known from Korea. In the present study, one species, C. acericola (Kumata, 1966), is newly recognized from South Korea. Caloptilia acericola was first described from Japan and it also distribute Russian Far East. The name of this species was derived from the genus name (Acer, Aceraceae) of its host plant. We redescribed with illustrations of adults and genitalic structures to distinguish the species from the congeneric species in South Korea.

Mymaridae, a moderately sized parasitic wasp family within Chalcidoidea, consists of 1,424 species in 103 genera worldwide. In East Asia, 75 species of 20 genera are recorded from China, 40 species of 15 genera Japan and 17 species of 8 genera South Korea. Eubroncus in Mymaridae is newly recognized from South Korea with E. prodigiosus. Redescription and photographs of the diagnostic characters of E. prodigiosus are provided.

Since first reported in 1988 the Pine Wilt Disease has been established and spreaded nearly nationwide in South Korea, causing tremendous economic damage in pine forests. The pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), causing the Pine Wilt Disease, in Korea is known to be transported by two insect vectors that are Monochamus alternatus Hope and Monochamus saltuarius Gebler. Currently the pest management strategy largely relies on pesticide application and infected tree clearing. The aim of the present study was to search for early larval parasitoids of M. alternatus using the sentinel log infested with the cerambycid eggs. Only one braconid species was collected and identified as Spathius verustus Chao. Two to ten wasp larvae attached and fed on one host larva. Parasitism rate was 55.5 to 59 % in Jinju site, while 1 to 18.1 % the other sites. Sex ratio was female-biased (female : male = 18.9 : 1). The S. verstus has potential to be use as parasitic natural enemy of M. alternatus.

Spathius exarator의 종 그룹에 속하는 S. ibarakius Belokobylskij et Maeto가 한반도에서 알락하늘소(Anoplophora chinensis)의 1령과 2령 유충에 외부기생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 산란유인목을 이용하여 유리알락하늘소와 알락하늘소의 기생봉을 탐색하는 과정에서 이 고치벌이 발견 되었다. 이 고치벌의 진단형질과 수컷의 특징, 삽화 및 한반도에 분포하는 종들의 기주목록을 함께 제공하였다.

This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal occurrence of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Citrus leafminer; CLM) and parasitoids in Jeju region, where the damage of CLM to the citrus farm has been recently increased. For this study, annual CLM mornitoring using sex pheromone traps were conducted in the citrus farm of Jeju from 2011 to 2015. The mean annual occurrence of CLS was 477,389 and appeared to increase along the temperature.

Apristus Chaudoir is one of the genera in the tribe Lebiini Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae). This genus is morphologically similar to Anomotarus and Syntomus of Lebiini. However, Apristus can be distinguished from the other genera by having a combination of the following characteristics: basal pronotum with distinct posterior angles in dorsal view; tarsal claws smooth without denticulate or pectinate. A total of 61 species of Apristus are distributed worldwide and only one species, Apristus striatus Motschulsky has been known in the Korean peninsula. As results of taxonomic studies on Korean Apristus species, we discovered a newly recorded species, Apristus cuprascens Bates of Apristus. A key to the Korean Apristus species, photographs of diagnostic characteristics and illustrations of male genitalia are provided.

In the present study we report a newly recognized crambid species, Sinibotys butleri (South, 1901). Previously, two species, S. evenoralis and S. obliquilinealis, were known from Korea, but now they are belonged to a genus Torulisquama Zhang, 2010, that was newly erected in a recent study. Sinibotys differs from Torulisquama by having: forewing 36－47.5 mm in length and without unscaled areas; male with transtilla covered with setae and editum bearing dense setae; female with ductus bursae relatively broad and short; corpus bursae and signum much larger. We update taxonomic position of these three species accordingly and compare Sinibotys and Torulisquama morphologically. A Key to species, description of adult, male and female genitalia structures are provided with available information such as collection locality, host plant and distribution range for the species.

A cDNA (814 bp) encoding ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme (Az) was cloned from the Tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. The open reading frame (ORF) showed an internal stop codon (TGA) on bases 223-224-225, encoding 270 amino acids except for the 223-T. A modified ODC Az cDNA (Slit ODC AzM) by point mutation for removal of the 223-T was introduced into a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain expressing a cloned ODC from the Tobacco cutworm. The transformed strain with ODC AzM exhibited a remarkable inhibition on ODC action, showing 56 % lowered cellular proliferation rate and the decreased cellular polyamine levels by 40.1 % (putrescine), 64.1 % (spermidine) and 58.6 % (spermine) at 48 hrs of cultivation in comparison with the original ODC Az cDNA. These results suggest that the modified ODC Az is expressed regardless of the frame-shifting and the expressed functional protein effectively inhibits the ODC activity.

A diversification of external morphology and genital characteristics among conspecific animal populations that are geographically divided is particularly important to study the context of evolution and it is regarded as the early stage of allopatric speciation. The aim of the present study is to understand the morphological variations of Callipogon relictus Semenov from the three different populations (South Korea, China, Russia) in the Eastern Palaearctic region. A morphometric analysis was performed based on 87 selected external and internal characteristics from 95 specimens. As results of the present study, South Korean specimens shows remarkable morphological differences in genital characteristics compare to Russian ones. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), South Korean and Russian populations are divided into two groups and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis indicate that these two populations have significant differences in 14 morphometric characteristics.

본 연구에서는 기생성 맵시벌과의 4종에 대하여 새로운 숙주를 보고하고자 한다. 4종의 맵시벌과는 황오색나비 (나비목: 네발나비과), 밤색하 늘소 (딱정벌레목: 하늘소과), 황다리독나방 (나비목: 독나방과)의 번데기에서 각각 발견되었다. 본 논문에서는 맵시벌과 4종의 간략한 식별형질과 사진정보, 황다리독나방에 기생하는 맵시벌과의 목록을 제시 하였다.

The genus Sphathius is belong to the subfamily Doryctinae in the family Braconidae and are described with >300 species in the world (Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976). This genus is distinguished from other winged Doryctinae by 1) forewings with three submarginal cells; 2) first subdiscal cell of forewing closed; and 3) first metasomal segment petiolate, widening apically, lacking basal wing-like projections, and inserted on propodeum near coxal bases (Marsh, 1997). For the purpose of finding the biological agent for Asian longhorned beetle (ALB; Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) and Citrus longhorned beetle (CLB; A. chinensis (Förster)), we had installed the ALB- and CLB-infested sentinel logs to attract parasitoids at experimental field of the Korea National Arboretum during summer season in 2014. Several L1 and L2 CLB larvae were found attacked by braconid larvae that were reared to adult stage. Their larvae are identified to Spathius gwangneungensis sp. nov. belong to the Spathius exarator species group. This new species has special characteristics as following; Body reddish brown or dark reddish brown, body length 2.5~3.7mm and forewing length 2.2~3.0mm in female and body length 2.1~2.6mm and forewing length 1.5~2.0mm in male, hind femur distinctly transversely aciculate dorsally, forewing more or less infuscate with a longitudinal hyaline band medially, vein m-cu of hind wing interstitial, second tergite entirely sculptured without striation, and third to fifth tergites basally sculptured. Ovipositor sheath 0.6 times as long as metasoma.

The species composition of the parasitoid complex and the degree of parasitism by each species were analyzed for Ivela auripes Butler (Lepidoptera, Lymantridae) populations in the increasing phase. Total of 2,177 eggs, larvae and pupae were collected and reared from the Gwangneung forest Pocheon-si, Korea. The most abundant parasitoids from each developmental stage were: a trichogrammatid wasp (Trichogramma kurosuae) from eggs, a braconid wasp (Cotesia melanoscela) from larvae, an ichneumonid wasp (Pimpla disparis) and a tachinid fly (Tachinidae sp.1), each from pupae. 19 other parasitoids, mostly hyperparasitoids, also occurred including Tachinidae sp.2, Pteromalidae sp.1, Ichneumonidae sp.3, and Apechthis capulifera. Illustrations and a list of the species parasitizing of I. auripes are provided.

Arboridia(두점박이애매미충) 속(노린재목: 매미아목: 매미충과: 매미충아과)의 국내 미기록 2종인 Arboridia lunula Song & Li, 2013 와 Arboridia agrillacea (Anufriev, 1969)을 기록한다. 성충의 사진과 함께 수컷의 생식기와 복부, 날개의 그림과 채집기록을 기재한다. 또한 국내 Arboridia 속의 검색표를 제공한다.

In the present study, we report two lepidopteran pests on the cones of Abies koreana E. H. Wilson; Cydia sp. of Tortricidae and Dioryctria abietella Denis et Schiffermüller of Pyralidae. Larvae of these species bored tunnels inside the immature cones of the host plant. Damaged cones are easy to spot by reddish brown excretion from the pest entry holes, and the cones severly damaged by the larvae becomes crooked. Damage rate on the cones reached up tp 71% from the collection site. Regarding the two pests, some basic information such as collection records, morphological characters, and ecology were provided.

We investigated the insect community along altitudinal gradient to gather basic data for distributional monitoring of insect species in the forest ecosystem. The investigation area was Seon-gaksan (Mt.) in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do province, where the bucket-light trap and pit-fall trap for quantification were installed in Quercus vegetation at altitude of 300m, 600m and 900m. The field collecting was performed on May, July and September 2013 respectively. ANOVA analysis was conducted to analyze the significance between insect species along altitude using the collected insect community data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed statistically significant differences among ground-beetles and ants abundance with altitude as a response variable. Although we expected a distinct cluster with the difference of altitude at each study site, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) showed distinct clusters with the moth, ground-beetles, and ant assemblage at altitudinal increase and sampling month. In the result, a total of 309 species in 18 families of nocturnal moths were collected by bucket-light trap. The insects collected in pit-fall trap were ground-beetles with 196 individuals of 26 species and ants with 11,276 individuals of 14 species respectively.

Luehdorfia puziloi (Erschoff, 1872) is a monophagous butterfly species that occurs only once during spring in a year and distributed nationwide in Korea. From 2012 to 2013 the adult emergence has been monitored to assess how the species responds to temperature rise in the country. Monitoring sites were located in four different provinces, two in the northern part of the country and the others the southern part. In each site a small emergence cage was set up with 60 to 70 pupae and a HOBO data logger to record the soil temperature of the site from February to April. The earliest record from literatures and specimen collection data was 28th of March in Geojae-gun, one of far south parts of the country, during the late 90’s. In 2013, the butterfly started emerging in a southern site, Namhae-gun, from 20th of March, and it was the earliest record so far. The emergence from all of the sites occurred on average 7.75 days faster in 2013 than 2012. The emergence patters during the two years clearly showed that the adult emergence reached to 50% emergence rate faster as the soil temperature rose.