Pulp and paper industry produces large volumes of wastewater and residual sludge waste, resulting in many issues in relation to wastewater treatment and sludge disposal. Contaminants in pulp and paper wastewater include effluent solids, sediments, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD), which should be treated by wastewater treatment processes such as coagulation and biological treatment. However, few works have been attempted to predict the treatment efficiency of pulp and paper wastewater. Accordingly, this study presented empirical models based on experimental data in laboratory-scale coagulation tests and compared them with statistical models such as artificial neural network (ANN). Results showed that the water quality parameters such as turbidity, suspended solids, COD, and UVA can be predicted using either linear or expoential regression models. Nevertheless, the accuracies for turbidity and UVA predictions were relatively lower than those for SS and COD. On the other hand, ANN showed higher accuracies than the emprical models for all water parameters. However, it seems that two kinds of models should be used together to provide more accurate information on the treatment efficiency of pulp and paper wastewater.

Seawater desalination market after global economic crisis has been stalled due to the market uncertainties and decreased demand in desalination. It is important to review the status of the market and to estimate the appropriate share of Forward osmosis-Reverse Osmosis (FO-RO) hybrid desalination technology by figuring out the outlook of the desalination market. Main part of the desalination market will still be MENA (Middle East and North Africa) in the near future due to the fast population increase and high dependency of fossil fuel in the region. The market for FO-RO hybrid technology, however, might be smaller than the conventional SWRO desalination market anyway because of aesthetic issues from using wastewater as raw water and higher costs associated with capex. Therefore, it is essential to improve FO membrane performance and system operation technologies in order to make the hybrid technology attractive compared to the conventional SWRO technology.

Disinfectant/oxidation process is a crucial process in water treatment for supplying safe drinking water. Chlorination is still widely used for water treatment area due to its effectiveness on microbial inactivation and economic feasibility. Recently, disinfection concern in marine environment is increasing, for example, movement of hazardous marine organism due to ballast water, marine environmental degradation due to power plant cooling water discharge, and increase of the amount of disinfectant in the offshore plant. It is needed to conduct the assessment of disinfectant behavior and the development of disinfectant prediction model in seawater. The appropriate prediction model for disinfectant behavior is not yet provided. The objective of the study is to develop chlorine decay model in seawater. Various model types were applied to develop the seawater chlorine decay model, such as first order decay model, EPA model, and two-phase model. The model simulation indicated that chlorine decay in seawater is influenced by both organic and inorganic matter in seawater. While inorganic matter has a negative correlation with the chlorine decay, organic matter has a positive correlation with the chlorine decay.

정삼투-역삼투 융합 플랜트 기술 개발 연구단은 국토교통부/국토교통과학기술 진흥원의 지원을 받아 시장지배적인 역삼투 해수담수화 공정기술을 탈피하는 기술선도형 정삼투-역삼투 융합 기술을 개발하고자 한다. 정삼투와 역삼투 기술을 결합시켜 기존 역삼투 해수담수화 기술 대비 톤당 전력량 35% 이상 감소, 톤당 생산단가 25%를 절감하는 기술을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위하여 정삼투-역삼투 융합 플랜트 엔지니어링 기술, 공정 고도화(시스템 최적화, 막오염 제어 및 예측)기술, 저에너지・고효율의 전처리 기술을 개발한다. 실험실규모에서 개발된 모든 기술은 1,000m3/day 용량의 실증 파일럿 플랜트에 적용된다.

Study on effluent organic matter (EfOM) characteristic and removal efficiency is required, because EfOM is important in regard to the stability of effluents reuse, quality issues of artificial recharge and water conservation of aqueous system. UV technology is widely used in wastewater treatment. Many reports have been conducted on microbial disinfection and micro pollutant reduction with UV treatment. However, the study on EfOM with UV has limited because low/medium pressure UV lamp is not sufficient to affect refractory organics. The high intensity of pulsed UV would mineralize EfOM itself as well as change the characteristics of EfOM. Chlorine demand and DBPs formation is affected on the changed amounts and properties of EfOM. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect on EfOM, chlorine residual, and chlorinated DBPs formation with low pressure and pulsed UV treatment. The removal of organic matter through low pressure UV treatment is insignificant effect. Pulsed UV treatment effectively removes/transforms EfOM. As a result, the chlorine consumption is changed and chlorine DBPs formation is decreased. However, excessive UV treatment caused problems of increasing chlorine consumption and generating unknown by-products.

예이츠는 자연시에서 현세를 벗어나 저편의 이상향을 그리는 낭만주의적인 성향을 보여준다고 여겨져 왔다. 하지만, 그의 전원풍의 시는 전통적인 이상향을 추구하면서도 현실에 대한 비극적인 인식과 도피를 추구하지 않는다는 점에서 전원시의 전통에서 벗어나 있다. 예이츠의 독특한 상상력은 오히려 동양적인 자연관을 연상시키며 현대의 생태적 인식에도 닿아있는 것으로 여겨진다. 이에, 논자는 예이츠의 자연시 몇 수를 조선시대의 강호가도와 비교하며 그의 자연시의 동양적, 생태적 풍미를 제고하고자 한다.